Résumé
Feeding potential of Chrysoperla externa (Hagen) (Neuroptera, Chrysopidae) in different densities of Uroleucon ambrosiae (Thomas) (Hemiptera, Aphididae). The feeding potential of 2nd and 3rd instar larvae of Chrysoperla externa (Hagen, 1861) in relation to different densities of 30, 40 and 50 nymphs of Uroleucon ambrosiae (Thomas, 1878) at 3rd and 4th instars was evaluated. The treatments were individualized into 2.5 cm in diameter and 8.5 cm tall flat bottom glass vials and maintained in a controlled environmental chamber at 25±2 ºC temperature, 70±10 percent RH and 14 h photophase. A completely randomized experimental design with 10 replications was used. The consumption of the prey nymphs by the predator larvae was evaluated after 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 and 24 h from the beginning of the experiment and at every subsequent 24 h period until 2nd instar larvae molted or 3rd instar larvae pupated. Results have shown that for 2nd instar larvae, during the 1 h to 24 h period, there was a decreasing prey consumption at the 30 and 40 prey densities. However an increase in the consumption at the 50 prey density was observed. After this period, C. externa larvae presented a progressive increase on nymphs consumption as a function of the prey density. The same occurred with de 3rd instar predator larvae in all treatments. When daily mean consumption was evaluated the predator/prey ratio was 1:23, 1:27 and 1:33 for 2nd instar larvae and 1:27, 1:33 and 1:41 for 3rd instar larvae at 30, 40 and 50 nymph densities, respectively
Sujets)
Animaux , Aphides , Lutte biologique contre les nuisiblesRésumé
The occurrence of aphids was evaluated on lettuce hydroponically grown at the Escola Agrotécnica of the State University of São Paulo (UNESP) located in Jaboticabal County, State of São Paulo, Brazil, from January to December 1999. The total number of each species of aphids present in weekly samplings performed during the period was found to be correlated with the average temperature recorded within the respective sampling period. The occurrence of three species, Uroleucon ambrosie (Thomas), Myzus persicae (Sulzer) and Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas) was recorded, with the highest population densities being coincident with mean temperatures below 21.5°C. The highest population densities of U. ambrosie occurred from May to June. In the second week of May and third week of November, two maximum population peaks were recorded for M. persicae. The species M. euphorbiae was predominant over the others and the highest populations of this species were observed from May to June and from late July to early September. A negative correlation was found between populations of aphids and temperature. This correlation, however, was statistically significant only for M. euphorbiae and U. ambrosiae.
A ocorrência de afideos foi avaliada em alface cultivada hidroponicamente na área de produção da Escola Agrotécnica da Universidade Estadual de São Paulo (UNESP), em Jaboticabal, São Paulo, de janeiro a dezembro de 1999. Foi constatado que o número total de cada espécie de afideo, presentes em amostragens conduzidas semanalmente durante o período, foi correlacionada com a média de temperaturas registradas dentro do período de amostragem. Foi registrada a ocorrência de três espécies de afideos, Uroleucon ambrosiae (Thomas), Myzus persicae (Sulzer) e Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas), sendo as maiores densidades populacionais coincidentes com médias de temperaturas inferiores a 21,5°C. As maiores densidades populacionais de U. ambrosiae ocorreram de maio a junho. Na segunda semana de maio e na terceira semana de novembro foram registrados dois picos populacionais máximos de M. persicae. A espécie M. euphorbiae predominou sobre as demais e as maiores populações dessa espécie foram observadas nos períodos de maio a junho e final de julho a início se setembro. Foi constatada correlação negativa entre populações de afideos e temperatura. Esta correlação, entretanto, foi estatisticamente significativa somente para M. euphorbiae e U. ambrosiae.