Résumé
Background: Over half-a-million women die each year from pregnancy-related causes, and 99 percent of these occur in developing countries. In Bangladesh though maternal mortality rate (MMR) declined significantly around 40% in the past decade, still eclampsia accounts for 20% of maternal deaths. Eclampsia is uniquely a disease of pregnancy, and the only cure is delivery regardless of gestational age. A rational therapy for general management of hypertension and convulsion has been established in Bangladesh by the Eclampsia Working Group. But controversy still exists regarding obstetric management. Objective: To evaluate the feto-maternal outcome in cesarean section compared to vaginal delivery in eclamptic patients. Materials and Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted in the department of Obstretics & Gynecology, Dhaka Medical College & Hospital (DMCH), from January to December 2011. A total 100 eclamptic women with term pregnancy and live foetus were purposively included in the study (Group I, 50 patients with vaginal delivery and Group II, 50 with cesarean section). Results: Out of these 100 patients 56% were aged <20 years, 71% were primigravida and 77% were from low socioeconomic status. Sixteen percent patients from vaginal delivery group and 18% from cesarean section group had no antenatal care. The mean gestational age was about 38 weeks in two groups. No significant difference was found between the two groups regarding blood pressure, proteinuria, consciousness level and convulsion. Recurrence of convulsion occurred in 30% patients of vaginal delivery group compared to 6% in cesarean section group. Maternal complications such as postpartum hemorrhage, cerebrovascular accident, renal failure, obstetric shock and abruptio placenta were higher among vaginal delivery group patients (46%) than cesarean section patients (16%). Maternal mortality was 6% in the vaginal delivery group and none in the cesarean section group. Regarding fetal outcome, stillbirth was 20% after vaginal delivery and 6% after cesarean section, the result was statistically significant. Birth asphyxia was less in the cesarean section group (23.4%) than in vaginal delivery group (60%) and this was statistically significant. Conclusions: The result of the present study shows a better feto- maternal outcome in the cesarean section group than in the vaginal delivery group.
Résumé
Background: Abortion is an important social and public health issue. In Bangladesh complication from unsafe abortion is one of the leading causes of maternal mortality. It is a serious health problem. World Health Organisation estimates that 14% of maternal deaths which occur every year in the countries of South Asia including Bangladesh are due to abortion. Study shows manual vacuum aspiration procedure is safe and effective in incomplete abortion. Very few clinical trials were carried out in Bangladesh to assess the safety and effectivity of manual vacuum aspiration in managing incomplete abortion. Objective: To find out the outcome of manual vacuum aspiration in the management of patients of incomplete abortion. Materials and Methods: This observational descriptive study was conducted in the department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Dhaka Medical College & Hospital from June to December, 2004. One hundred cases of diagnosed incomplete abortion up to 12 weeks of gestation were managed by manual vacuum aspiration during this period. A data recording sheet was designed for this purpose. Haemodynamically stable patients with no history of induced abortion and fever were enrolled. Results: Procedure time of manual vacuum aspiration was short, average duration was 7 minutes. Bleeding was minimum (20-30 mL) in 67% cases and weighted mean was 29.80 mL. Eighty three percent patients were stable during the procedure and only 3% needed blood transfusion. Nonnarcotic analgesics were used in 59% cases and 33% needed only proper counselling. Average duration of hospital stay was 2 hours. Effectiveness of the procedure was about 98% with very low post procedure complication rate (2%). Conclusion: MVA procedure is a safe and effective technique of uterine evacuation in incomplete abortion. It is quick, less expensive, effective and less painful. Hospital stay and chance of perforation of uterus is less. So this procedure should be considered by health care system in Bangladesh for improving treatment of incomplete abortion to reduce both maternal morbidity and mortality.