The study on the interactions between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-albumin adducts and various risk factors to primary hepatocellular carcinoma / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the relationship between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) exposure and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and the interaction of PAH exposure and other HCC risk factors to HCC.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Baseline blood samples, collected from 345 HCC cases and 961 controls, were used to determine the level of PAH-albumin adducts by competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Conditional logistic regression analysis was used to assess the effect of PAH-albumin adducts on risk of HCC.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The mean level of PAH-albumin adducts was significantly higher in cases than in controls ((5.68 +/- 0.72) fmol/mg albumin vs (5.46 +/- 0.63) fmol/mg albumin) (u = 5.98, P < 0.01). When compared to subjects in the lowest quantile (< 1.76 fmol/mg albumin), there was an increase in risk of HCC, with adjusted ORs (95%CI) of 1.03 (0.65 - 1.60), 1.18 (0.76 - 1.78), 2.01 (1.42 - 2.82) for subjects in the second (1.76-fmol/mg albumin), the third (15.28-fmol/mg albumin), and the fourth quantile (> 34.21 fmol/mg albumin), respectively (chi(2)(trend) = 15.06, P < 0.01). There was a significant interaction between PAH-albumin adducts and HBsAg, family history of cancer and diabetes mellitus on HCC after adjusted for other risk factors, and relative excess risks due to the interaction (RERI) were 2.50 (u = 3.60, P < 0.01), 0.52 (u = 2.13, P < 0.05) and 0.88 (u = 2.26, P < 0.05), respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>PAH-albumin adducts was related with HCC, and there is a trend of HCC prevalence increasing with the content of PAH-albumin adducts. There are interactions between PAH-albumin adducts and HBV infection, family history of cancer and diabetes mellitus on HCC.</p>

Synergistic effects of different types of smoking and other risk factors on risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in Xiamen, China / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To evaluated the independent effects of different types of smoking exposure along with multiple risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and determined whether the magnitude of smoking was modified by other risk factors, both in men and women.Methods We conducted a case-control study in Xiamen China. 345 HCC patients and 961 healthy control subjects were personally interviewed for several HCC risk factors. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for each potential risk factor. Results Cigars and pipes were not related to HCC among non-cigarette smokers. However, passive smoking exposure was associated with HCC in women:AOR, 2.35 (95%CI: 1.19-4.07). Regular cigarette smoking was associated with HCC in men: AOR,2.27 (95% CI: 1.14-3.31). Cigarette smoking and chronic infection of hepatitis B virus showed positive additive model interactions in men: RERI(relative excess risk due to interaction) was 98.70and AP (attributable proportion due to interactions) was 81.0%. Data on cigarette smoking with high AFB1-albumin adducts in women showed that the RERI was 2.69 and AP was 50.0%. Conclusion We concluded that sex differences were seen in HCC relationship with cigarette smoking. Controlling of exposure to smoking might be a prudent approach to the prevention of HCC, especially in patients with chronic viral hepatitis infections.