Prevalence of tobacco usage and its effect on the periodontal health parameters in the mining employees and the general population - A comparative study

Objective: Comparison of the prevalence of usage of tobacco products and its effect on the periodontal health parameters of the mining laborers and the general population of Udaipur city, India. Materials and methods: the cross sectional study was performed on the sample of 980 adults including 500 mining employees and 480 subjects from the general population. The presence or absence of the tobacco products usage was noted. The ADA type III examination using the community periodontal probe was done. The data obtained was subjected to chi-square and Cramer' v statistical analysis. Results: 79.40% of the mining-employees and 61.67% of the general population used different tobacco products, the difference noted was statistically significant (p=0.000). The most common periodontal condition amongst the mining employees and the general population was the presence of calculus (39% and 35.63% respectively) followed by the 4-5mm periodontal probing depth (29.20% and 26.04% respectively). The difference spotted was significant (p=0.018). There was statistically significant difference between the tobacco users and non- users for the different periodontal conditions (p=0.000). Conclusion: the tobacco product usage was high in mining employees group. There was a positive correlation between the usage of tobacco products and the periodontal health parameters (AU)

Finite element study on modification of bracket base and its effects on bond strength

OBJECTIVE: This article aims to analyze the difference in stresses generated in the bracket-cement-tooth system by means of a peel load in single and double-mesh bracket bases using a three-dimensional finite element computer model. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A three-dimensional finite element model of the bracket-cement-tooth system was constructed and consisted of 40,536 bonds and 49,201 finite elements using a commercial mesh generating programmer (ANSYS 7.0). Both single and double-mesh bracket bases were modified by varying the diameter from 100-400 µm progressively, and the spacing between the mesh wires was kept at 300 µm for each diameter of wire. A peel load was applied on the model to study the stresses generated in different layers. RESULTS: In case of double-mesh bracket base, there was reduction in stress generation at the enamel in comparison to single-mesh bracket base. There was no difference in stress generated at the bracket layer between single and double-mesh bracket bases. At the impregnated wire mesh (IWM), layer stresses increased as the wire diameter of the mesh increased. CONCLUSION: Results show that bracket design modification can improve bonding abilities and simultaneously reduce enamel damage while debonding. These facts may be used in bringing about the new innovative bracket designs for clinical use. .

OBJETIVO: o objetivo do presente artigo é analisar a diferença entre as tensões geradas na interface braquete-cemento-dente por meio do teste peel load em bases de braquete de malha simples e dupla e do método de elementos finitos tridimensional. MÉTODOS: foi construído um modelo de elementos finitos do sistema composto pela interface braquete-cemento-dente. Esse modelo consistiu de 40.536 nós e 49.201 elementos finitos. A análise foi feita com a ajuda do programa ANSYS 7.0. Tanto a base de braquete de malha única quanto a de malha dupla sofreram modificações no diâmetro, que variou de 100 a 400µm, progressivamente. O espaço entre os fios das malhas foi mantido a 300µm para o diâmetro de cada fio. O teste peel load foi aplicado ao modelo para investigar as tensões geradas nas diferentes camadas. RESULTADOS: quando comparadas às bases de braquetes de malha simples, as bases de braquetes de malha dupla geraram menos tensão no esmalte dentário. Não foram detectadas diferenças entre as tensões geradas na superfície dos braquetes com bases de malha simples e dupla. Na malha de fios impregnados (MFI), houve um aumento na tensão com o aumento do diâmetro dos fios que compõem a malha. CONCLUSÃO: os resultados revelam que as modificações no desenho do braquete podem aumentar a colagem e, ao mesmo tempo, minimizar os danos causados no esmalte durante o processo de descolagem. Esses fatos podem ser utilizados no desenvolvimento de desenhos de braquetes inovadores, destinados à utilização clínica. .

Prevalence of dental caries in relation with different fluoride levels in drinking water among school going children in Sarada Tehsil of Udaipur District, Rajasthan.

Aim: To determine the fluoride concentration in drinking water of villages in Sarada tehsil of Udaipur district, Rajasthan and estimate the prevalence of dental caries in relation with different fluoride levels in drinking water among school going children of 6-12 years age group of the same. Material & Methods: Dental caries for permanent teeth as well as primary teeth was recorded using WHO (1997) in school children of selected villages. The drinking water samples of all the selected villages were collected in polyethylene bottles and the fluoride content of these samples was determined by fluoride ion selective method using Orion microprocessor analyser. Results: The overall prevalence of dental caries in permanent dentition was found to be 81.35% while in primary dentition it was 65.97%. As the water fluoride level increased, there was a decrease in mean dmft scores. There was a significantly very strong positive correlation between water fluoride level and caries experience in permanent dentition and a significantly very strong negative correlation between water fluoride level and caries experience in primary dentition. Conclusion: The study demonstrates the relation between dental caries in primary and permanent teeth with fluoride levels in drinking water. Thus, neither more nor less but optimum amount of fluoride in drinking water is essential for maintaining good oral health and caries free mouth of a child.

Parental attitude and knowledge towards the usage of barrier techniques by pediatric dentist.

To assess the parental attitude and knowledge towards the use of barrier techniques by the pediatric dentist, parents of 200 preschool pediatric patients were randomly selected and asked to fill the questionnaire related to the usage of barrier technique by the pediatric dentists. Seventy five percent of the parents felt, that pediatric dentist should wear gloves and 35% wanted their pediatric dentist to wear mouth mask, 70% of parents thought that both pediatric dentist and the patients will be protected from the spread of the infection. Thirty five percent of them also wanted pediatric dentist to wear protective glasses during the treatment procedure. Eighty five percent of them refused the treatment by pediatric dentists who were not wearing the gloves; 72% wanted the gloves to be changed for each patient. Fifty five percent of them thought that dental assistant also should wear gloves during treatment; only 55% of the parents were satisfied with the barrier techniques protocol of their pediatric dentist; Ninty percent of them thought that using gloves and mouth mask will scare the child. Quite high level of positive attitude and knowledge was seen in the present group of parents and they were not willing to take their child to the pediatric dentist who didn’t follow the proper barrier technique.