Unilateral mandibular condylar hyperplasia- a rare entity

True unilateral condylar hyperplasia [CH] of mandible including its variants is an uncommon maxillofacial deformity. It represents unilateral abnormal growth of the mandible including its body and ramus. Discrepancy in the growth of the mandible causing vertical facial asymmetry, creating aesthetic problem resulting in malocclusion as well as psychological issues requiring bi-maxillary surgical correction. In this report we discuss the use of imaging in the diagnosis of these pathologies and investigate its variants

Diagnosis of pfeiffer syndrome with umbilical hernia

Pfeiffer syndrome [PS] is a form of acrocephalosyndactyly, a group of rare genetic syndromes, and is characterized by variable degrees of bicoronal craniosynostosis, variable hand and foot malformations and various other associated manifestations. Type I Pfeiffer syndrome is compatible with life. It is characterized by normal intelligence and a classic phenotype of craniosynostosis, broad thumbs, and syndactyly. Types II and III are sporadic in occurrence, with more severe involvement of the central nervous system [CNS] than in type I. Type II is associated with the classic cloverleaf-shaped skull. Neurologic compromise is common in both types II and III

Ectopic supernumerary kidney: a rare anatomic variant

Urogenital anomalies are common, correspond to 33% of all congenital anomalies and supernumerary kidney is one of the rarest entity; less than hundred cases have been reported in the past. The Supernumerary kidney is considered a third kidney in addition to the two already present independent kidneys and considered an infrequent developmental anomaly of the urinary tract. The accessory kidney most commonly located on left side caudal to the normal kidney. Because of uncommon occurrence and prevalence, it frequently causes diagnostic challenges in clinical practice. The supernumerary kidney must be differentiated from the more common congenital anomaly, duplex kidney, having two pelvicalcyceal systems that are connected with single or double ureters. The supernumerary kidney, in distinction, is thought to be an accessory organ with a separate arterio-venous supply, collecting system and a different capsule. The case of a 33 years old male patient is depicted who presented a history of hypertension and was diagnosed as having left sided unilateral supernumerary kidney located cranial to normal renal parenchyma