Identification of Prototype Components and Their Metabolites in Rat Serum, Urine and Feces After Oral Administration of Phellodendri Amurensis Cortex Aqueous Extract by UPLC-Orbitrap Fusion Lumos Tribrid-MS / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:An ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with Orbitrap Fusion Lumos Tribrid mass spectrometry （UPLC-Orbitrap Fusion Lumos Tribrid-MS） was applied to analyze the prototypes and their metabolites of Phellodendri Amurensis Cortex aqueous extract in the serum， urine and feces of normal rats， and to investigate the pharmacodynamic material basis of Phellodendri Amurensis<italic> </italic>Cortex in rats. Method:Chromatographic separation was performed on the ACQUITY UPLC^® CSH^TM C₁₈ column （2.1 mm×100 mm， 1.7 μm） with the mobile phase of 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution （A）-acetonitrile （B） for gradient elution （0-15 min， 2%-25%B； 15-25 min， 25%-50%B； 25-28 min， 50%-98%B）， flow rate was 0.3 mL·min^-1， the injection volume was 10 μL and the column temperature was 40 ℃. Heated electrospray ionization （HESI） was used to collect data in the positive ion modes with the scanning range of <italic>m</italic>/<italic>z</italic> 100-1 000. By comparing chromatogram differences between the blank samples and the samples after administration， prototypes and their metabolites of biological samples after oral administration of Phellodendri Amurensis Cortex aqueous extract were identified. Result:After oral administration of Phellodendri Amurensis Cortex aqueous extract， a total of 70 compounds including 15 prototypes and 55 metabolites in rat serum， urine and feces were detected. Among them， 15 prototypes included 12 alkaloids and 3 limonoids， and 55 metabolites included 52 alkaloids and 3 limonoids. Desaturation， methylation， oxidation， sulfonation and glucuronide conjugation were observed as the primary metabolic pathways for the chemical constituents of Phellodendri Amurensis Cortex aqueous extract. Conclusion:Alkaloids in Phellodendri Amurensis Cortex aqueous extract undergo phase Ⅰ and phase Ⅱ metabolism in rats， and limonoids mainly undergo phase Ⅰ metabolism in rats. This paper can provide experimental basis for further analyzing the process <italic>in vivo</italic> of Phellodendri Amurensis Cortex and elucidating its pharmacodynamic substance basis<italic>.</italic>

Light chain deposition disease after renal transplantation: a report of 2 cases and a review of literature / 中华器官移植杂志

Objective:To report for the first time the clinicopathologic characteristics of two patients with light chain deposition disease after renal transplantation.Methods:The clinicopathologic features were analyzed for two patients with light chain deposition disease and the related literature was reviewed.Case 1 was a 49-year-old male with unknown primary disease presenting with abnormal urine test and elevated serum creatinine at 24 months after kidney transplantation. Renal allograft biopsy hinted at light chain deposition disease. Case 2 was a 38-year-old male with light chain deposition disease in native kidneys presenting with proteinuria, microscopic hematuria and elevated serum creatinine at 15 months after kidney transplantation. Renal allograft biopsy supported recurrent light chain deposition disease.Results:1 case after bortezomib and dexamethasone dosing, serum creatinine decreased during follow-ups. 1 case received bortezomib and dexamethasone. However, sepsis and pulmonary infections developed and allograft function deteriorated.Conclusions:Light chain deposition disease after renal transplantation is a rare disorder with a rapid progression and a poor prognosis. Early detection of free light chain in blood and urine through immune fixed electrophoresis is conducive to an early diagnosis. The efficacy of bortezomib is to be furthered examined.

Screening of HDAC3/8 Small Molecule Inhibitors from Traditional Chinese Medicine Based on Molecular Docking / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective::To discover a small molecule active ingredient of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) with the inhibitory activity of histone deacetylase (HDAC) 3/8. Method::The molecular docking technique was performed by AutoDock 4.2.6 software. Trichostatin A (TSA) was used as a reference to screen 19 small molecular components from TCM, and the default docking conformation number was set to obtain the docking binding energy, active site amino acid residues and hydrogen bonds, and the biological activity was verified. Result::The binding energies of 19 small molecule components from TCM to HDAC3 and HDAC8 were different. Among them, ursolic acid, fangchinoline and tetrandrine have low binding energies to HDAC3 and HDAC8, and their binding activities were strong. The optimal binding energy of fangchinoline and HDAC3 at the site 1 was the lowest (-26.71 kJ·mol-1), and that of HDAC8 at the site 9 was the lowest (-26.84 kJ·mol-1). The optimal binding energy of tetrandrine and HDAC3 at the site 13 was the lowest (-26.38 kJ·mol-1), and that of HDAC8 at the site 12 was the lowest (-25.41 kJ·mol-1). In addition, the binding energy of ursolic acid and HDAC3 at the site 16 was the lowest (-25.83 kJ·mol-1), and that of HDAC8 at the site 8 was the lowest (-35.62 kJ·mol-1). Three kinds of amino acids at the docking site of small molecules were rendered by PyMOL 2.3.1.When ursolic acid was combined with HDAC3/8, the active sites produced two hydrogen bonds, and the interaction was strong, and many amino acids were connected at the active site. The fangchinoline formed two hydrogen bonds with the active site of HDAC3 and one hydrogen bond with the active site of HDAC8, and hydrophobic binding with some active site amino acids. There was no hydrogen bond between tetrandrine and HDAC3/8, and all docking sites were docked by 4 active amino acids. Three small molecules (ursolic acid, fangchinoline and tetrandrine) with the best docking effect had the inhibitory activity against HDAC3/8 at the concentration of 500 μmol·L-1 and 100 μmol·L-1, and the inhibitory activity was still optimal among the 10 selected small molecules. Conclusion::Among the screened 19 small molecules, ursolic acid, tetrandrine and fangchinoline may be the new anti-inflammatory drugs of HDAC3/8 inhibitory target, which provides a reference for further exploration and discovery of new anti-inflammatory drugs.

The mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine underlying the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis / 中国天然药物

Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with high morbidity and mortality. The incidence of AS is increasing in the last decades. So development of safe and effective therapeutics for treating AS has become prominently important. Although there are numerous chemical drugs available for treating AS, some drugs are not effective and some have serious side effects. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has a long history for the prevention and treatment of AS due to its less side effects and superior efficacy. This paper describes the effectiveness and underlying mechanisms for prevention and treatment of AS by TCM or its active components. Some TCM, e.g. XuemaiNing, Tongxinluo and Salvia miltiorrhiza have been reported to have cardio-protective effect. Some active components of TCM, e.g. saikosaponin-A, kuwanon G, luteolin and β-elemene have been isolated from various TCM and demonstrated to have beneficial effects on prevention and treatment of AS.

NDP gene variants analysis and clinical features of Norrie disease and familial exudative vitreoretinopathy / 中华实验眼科杂志

Objective To analyze the clinical features and NDP gene variants in patients with Norrie disease and familial exudative vitreoretinopathy,(FEVR).Methods Sixteen patients who were diagnosed as FEVR and 3 patients who were diagnosed as Norrie disease underwent detailed ocular examinations in Beijing Tongren Hospital from 2012 to 2018.Peripheral venous blood was drawn from patients and their family members for extration of genomic DNA.All exons of NDP gene were analyzed by direct sequencing of PCR-amplified DNA fragments.This study was approved by Joint Committee on Clinical Investigation of Beijing Tongren Hospital,and patients information and venous blood collection were done after the informed consents were obtained.Results Four unreported NDP gene mutations were detected in one FEVR patient and 3 Norrie disease patients:c.217T＞C (p.S73P),c.2T＞C (p.M1),c.194G＞T (p.C65F) and c.384C＞G (p.C128W).One patient who was clinically diagnosed as FEVR had no symptom but the avascular zone on the bilateral peripheral retina.The three Norrie disease patients who were clinically diagnosed as Norrie disease all appearred to have bilateral congenital blindness,mass in the vitreous and retinal detachment,and one in the three Norrie disease patient had evident mental retardation.Conclusions The results of this paper extend NDP gene mutation spectrum,and NDP gene is further confirmed to be the casuse of Norrie disease.

Protective effect and mechanism of morroniside on TNF-α-induced MC3T3-E1 cells via inhibiting inflammation / 中草药

Objective To investigate the effects of morroniside extracted from root-bark of Sambucus williamsii on TNF-α-induced MC3T3-E1 cell inflammation, and explore its mechanism of action including Caspase, MAPK, and NF-κB signaling pathway. Methods MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured in medium containing TNF-α (50 ng/mL) and different doses of morroniside. The cell viability was examined by MTT assay, and the levels of IL-1β and IL-6 in the supernatants were identified by ELISA. The expressions of Caspase-3, Caspase-9, p-ERK, p-JNK, p-p38, p-IκBα, IκBα, and NF-κB on the protein level was tested by Western blotting. Results MTT assay results showed that morroniside could promote the proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells and protect the MC3T3-E1 cells induced by TNF-α. ELISA results showed that the expressions of IL-1β and IL-6 were inhibited. Meanwhile, morroniside could reduce the expression of Caspase3, Caspase9, p-ERK, p-JNK, p-p38, and p-IκBα protein, and increase IκBα protein expression while there was no significant difference in the expression of NF-κB p65. Conclusion Morroniside has protective effect on TNF-α-induced MC3T3-E1 cells inflammation. The possible related mechanism is that morroniside inhibits the release of inflammatory cytokines, the activation of MAPK and NF-κB pathway, and the expression of Caspase, thereby inhibiting the apoptosis of MC3T3-E1 cells.

The application value of time-zero renal biopsy in living donor kidney transplantation / 医学研究生学报

Objective Few studies have paid attention to time-zero renal biopsy in living kidney transplantation so far. This article aimed to investigate the risk factors of latent pathologic changes in living donors by time-zero renal biopsy (TO-RBx) and the predictive value in the allograft function of recipients early after living kidney transplantation.Methods We retrospectively analysed the clinical data of 89 renal transplant recipients and living donors who received TO-RBx at Nanjing General Hospital from January 2008 to December 2016. According to the 2007 Banff criteria, the common pathologic changes in living donors such as latent glomeruloscerosis (GS), tubular atrophy (CT), interstitial fibrosis (CI), arteriolar hyaline thickening (AH) and vascular fibrous intimal thickening (CV) were scored. To analyze the influencing factors for different pathological changes and evaluate its predictive value in the allograft function of recipients in 1, 3, 6 months after living renal transplantation.Results Of all the TO-RBx specimens, 23 cases (25.84%) with GS (21 were mild change, 1 was moderate change and 1 was severe change), 33 cases (37.08%) with CT/CI changes (30 were mild change and 3 were moderate change) and 37 cases (41.57%) with AH/CV changes (36 were mild change and 1 was moderate change). GS was related to the donor age (P=0.042); CT/CI changes were related to donor age, gender and systolic pressure (P=0.019；0.006；0.01); arterial changes were related to donor gender and blood triglyceride level (P=0.029；0.049). Within 3 and 6 months after living donor renal transplantation, the eGFR of renal transplant recipients with GS lesions \[(65.96±17.17), (69.52±19.1)mL/min·1.73m2\] were significantly lower than the groups without lesions \[(76.91±18.98), (79.52±18.91)mL/min·1.73m2\] (P＜0.05).Conclusion Time-zero renal biopsy has significance in terms of predicting the allograft function in 6 months after transplantation. It can guide the formulation and adjustment of postoperative immunosuppressive regimens for recipients. Besides, it can also detect the latent pathologic changes in living donors and is one of the important evidence for establishing a personalized follow-up plan for donors after surgery. This method is practical in clinical.

Chemical constituents from roots of Datura metel / 中国中药杂志

The chemical constituents from the n-butanol fraction of the 70% ethanol extract of Datura metel roots were separated by silica gel and ODS chromatogram columns as well as preparative HPLC. On the basis of spectral data analysis, their structures were elucidated. Twenty-one compounds were obtained and their structures were identified as citroside A (1), coniferin (2), paeoniflorin (3), (6R,7E,9R)-9-hydroxy-4,7-megastigmadien-3-one 9-O-[α-L-arabin-opyranosyl-(l→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside] (4), (1R,7R,10R,11R)-12-hydroxyl anhuienosol (5), kaurane acid glycoside A (6), ent-2-oxo-15,16-dihydroxypimar-8(14)-en-16-O-β-glucopyranoside (7), ginsenoside Rg₁(8), ginsenoside Re (9), notoginsenosides R₁(10), N-butyl-O-β-D-fructofuranoside (11), salidroside (12), hexyl β-sophoroside (13), 2,6-dimethoxy-4-hydroxyphenol 1-glucoside (14), benzyl-O-β-D-xylopyranoxyl(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside (15), (Z)-3-hexenyl-O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside (16), N-[2-(3,4-dihydro-xyphenyl)-2-hydroxyethyl]-3-(4-methoxyphenyl) prop-2-enamide (17), cannabisin D (18), cannabisin E (19), melongenamide B (20), paprazine (21). Compounds 2-17 and 20-21 were isolated from the Solanaceae family for the first time.

Study on lignans from Xanthii Fructus / 中国中药杂志

This project is to investigate lignans from the dried fruits of Xanthium sibiricum (Xanthii Fructus). The chemical constituents were extract by 70% ethanol and isolated by silica gel, ODS, Sephadex LH-20, MCI column chromatography. Based on comparison of their spectral data with those reported in literature, they were elucidated as (-)-pinoresinol (1), balanophonin A (2), diospyrosin (3), dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol (4), 2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-3-oxo-1-propanol (5), (-)-simulanol (6), (-)-7R,8S-dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol (7), chushizisin E (8), dihydrodehydrodiconiferyl alcohol (9), 7R,8S-dihydrodehydrodiconiferyl alcohol 4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (10), erythro-1,2-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-propanediol (11), leptolepisol D (12), 8-O-4' neolignan 4-O-β-glucopyranoside (13), (-)-1-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-2-{2-methoxy-4-[1-(E)-propen-3-ol]phenoxyl}-propane-3-ol(14), 1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy)-phenyl-2-[4-(1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl)-2-methoxy]-phenoxy-1,3-propandiol (15), threo-dihydroxy dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol (16), (-)-(2R)-1-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-2-{2-methoxy-4-[(E)-formylviny1]phenoxyl} propane-3-ol (17). Compound 2-17 were isolated from the genus Xanthium for the first time. Compound 1 were isolated form Xanthii Fructus for the first time.

Research progress on physalis pubescens / 中草药

Physalis pubescens is used as both food and medicine over 1 200 years. From the phytochemical view, the second metabolites such as flavonoids, sterols, phenylpropanoids, alkaloids, fatty acid and so on have been reported from this species. And this plant shows the activities of antitumor, antimicrobial, anti-oxidant, diuresis, immunosuppressive and so on in the recent studies. This paper reviews the researches on the chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of this plant in recent 30 years, by which the prospect of development and utilization of P. pubescens could be prospected. It provides the reference for the further rational development and comprehensive utilization of the resources of P. pubescens.

Phenylpropanoids from roots of Daturae Flos / 中草药

Objective To study the phenylpropanoids from the roots of Datura metel. Methods The separations and purifications were taken by silica gel and ODS chromatogram columns as well as preparative HPLC, and the structural identification based on physicochemical property, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR as well as HR-MS data. Results Nineteen compounds obtained from the butanol fraction of the 70% ethanol extract of D. metel roots, which were identified as icariside E5 (1), alangisesquin A (2), Glycopentoside F (3), conicaoside (4), (7S,8R) dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol 9’-O-β-glucopyranoside (5), iariciresinol-4’-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (6), 7R,8R-threo-4,7,9-trihy-droxy-3,3’-dimethoxy-8-O-4’-neolignan-9’-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (7), vitrifol A (8), leptolepisol D (9), thero-2,3-bis-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxypheyl)-3-methoxy-propanol (10), hyuganoside IIIb (11), officinalioside (12), iariciresinol-9-O- β-D-glucopyranoside (13), stroside A (14), erythro-buddlenol B (15), sargentodoside D (16), (+)-(7S,8S)-4-hydroxy-3,3’,5’- trimethoxy-8’,9’-dinor-8,4’-oxyneolignan-7,9-diol-7’-oic acid (17), 5’-methoxy lariciresinol (18), and dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol 4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (19). Conclusion Compounds 2-19 are isolated from Solanaceae family for the first time and compound 1 is firstly isolated from genus Datura L.

Research progress on Cirsium setosum / 中草药

Cirsium setosum is used as both food and medicine for thousands of years. Recently, it is reported that the chemical constituents of C. setosum mainly contain flavonoids, terpenoids, phenylpropanoids, phenylethylglycosides, alkaloids, and phytosterols, which have the pharmacological activities of hemostasis, clotting, cardiovascular, anti-oxidation, anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory and so on. This paper reviews the researches on the chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of C. setosum in the past 30 years at home and abroad to provide reference for futher study on the development and utilization of C. setosum.

iTRAQ technology combined with 2D-LC-MS/MS to analyze effect of Coptidis Rhizoma on cytochrome P450 isoenzyme expression / 中国中药杂志

Coptidis Rhizoma is commonly used in clinical medicine. It has been widely used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), with the functions of clearing heat, drying dampness, purging intense heat relieve toxins. However, the herb contains complex ingredients, and CYP450 isoenzyme is the main metabolic enzyme of the drug, so it is of important clinical significance to study the effect of Coptidis Rhizoma on cytochrome P450 enzymes. In the experiment, liver tissues of rats were selected and liver microsomes were separated by differential centrifugation. Bicinchoninic acid (BCA) Protein quantitation was done by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, and iTRAQ (isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification) was combined with the 2D-LC-MS/MS analysis method for identification of CYP450 proteins. With Coptidis Rhizoma, 30 CYP450 isoenzymes were identified, with 7 proteins significantly increased and 8 decreased in response to Coptidis Rhizoma, while the rest 15 had no change. iTRAQ technology combined with 2D-LC-MS/MS method could be used to comprehensively study CYP450 enzyme, but it is necessary to further evaluate in vitro levels of Coptidis Rhizoma and avoid any potential clinical drug-drug interaction.

Synergistic protective effect of Scutellariae Radix with Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex on Dioscoreae Bulibferae Rhizoma liver toxicity in rats / 中国中药杂志

Dioscoreae Bulibferae Rhizoma (RDB) is commonly used in clinical Chinese medicine. It has been used in many kinds of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), but the toxicity of RDB, easily leads to hepatotoxicity. The objective of the present study is to investigate the synergistic protective effect of Scutellariae Radix (SR) with Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex (PCC) on RDB caused liver toxicity in rats. SD female rats were adopted to establish the hepatotoxicity models by RDB (9 g•kg⁻¹, ig) once daily for 28 consecutive days. After 28 days, liver histological changes were observed, and the activity of transaminase and antioxidant enzymes was evaluated. Morphological and biochemical indicators evaluation showed that, Dioscoreae Bulibferae Rhizoma-induced hepatotoxicity models were successful, and the liver cells were dissolved and swelling with fatty degeneration； inflammatory cells were present in gaps; local punctiformed or lamellar hydropic degeneration was found in liver tissues, with partial necrosis. Indexes of liver function (ALT, AST and ALP) were significantly increased (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The combination of SR and PCC has protective effect on RDB-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. SR+PCC exerted the strongest protective effects against RDB-induced hepatotoxicity. SR, PCC, and SB+CP were observed to exhibit hepatoprotective effect as demonstrated by significant decrease in serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and MAD level in liver tissue (P<0.001), significant increase in GSH content in liver tissue (P<0.001), and significant improvement in his to pathologic changes of liver tissues in rats. SR, PCC and their combinations could achieve liver protection effect by reducing ALT, ALP and AST level in serum, increasing GSH level and anti-oxidantability of liver tissues, and reducing hepatic tissue cells injury.

Isolation and identification of xanthones from Gentianella acuta / 中国中药杂志

Twelve xanthones compounds were isolated from the ethanol extract of Gentianella acuta by means of reversed-phase preparative HPLC and various kinds of column chromatography including silica gel and ODS . Their structures were fully elucidated on the basis of MS, 1D and 2D-NMR data. The structures of xanthones were identified as 1, 7-dihydroxy-3-methoxyxanthone-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), swertiapuniside (2), 1, 3, 8- trihydroxy -4, 5-dimethoxyxanthone-1-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl(6→1)-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), 1, 2, 8-trihydroxy-5, 6-dimethoxyxanthone-2-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (4), 1, 3, 7, 8-tetrahydroxyxanthone-1-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (5), 1, 3, 5, 8-tetrahydroxy-5, 6, 7, 8-tetrahydroxanthone (6), 1, 3, 5-thihydroxyxanthone (7),1, 3, 5, 8-tetrahydroxyxanthone (8), 1, 2, 8-trihydroxy-5, 6-dimethoxyxanthone (9), bellidifolin (10), mangiferin (11), swertianolin (12). Compounds 1-9 were isolated from Gentianella genus for the first time.

Studies on chemical constituents in n-butanol extracts from epicarp of green fruit of Juglans mandshurica / 中草药

Objective: To study the chemical constituents in n-butanol extracts from the epicarp of green fruits of Juglans mandshurica. Methods: The compounds were isolated and purified by silica gel, ODS, Sephadex LH-20 columns, high preparative performance liquid chromatography, etc. And their structures were identified by spectral analysis. Results: Fourteen compounds were obtained and identified as 5-O-cafffeoyl quinic acid butyl ester (1), 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid butyl ester (2), vanillic acid-4-O-β-D-(6'-O-galloyl) glucopyranoside (3), 4-hydroxy-2,6-dimethoxyphenol-1-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (4), 4,5,8-trihydroxy-α-tetralone-5-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (5), 1,4,8- trihydroxynaphthalene-1-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (6), 1,4,5-trihydroxynaphthalene-1,4-di-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (7), kaempferol-3-O-β- D-glucopyranoside (8), quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (9), quercitrin (10), myricitrin (11), afzelin (12), hyperin (13), and daucosterol (14). Conclusion: Compounds 1-4 are isolated from the plants of Juglans L. for the first time, Compounds 5, 8-12 are isolated from the epicarps of J. mandshurica for the first time.

Chemical constituents from roots of Sambucus williamsii (I) / 中草药

Objective: To study the chemical constituents from the roots of Sambucus williamsii. Methods: Silica gel, ODS, and preparative HPLC were used to isolate the compounds. Their chemical structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral data. Results: Eighteen compounds were isolated, and they were identified as 7α-O-ethylmorroniside (1), 7β-O-ethylmorroniside (2), dehydromorroniside (3), loganin (4), 7-dehydrologanin (5), 7-formyloysecologanin (6), sweroside (7), coniferyl alcohol 9-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (8), 3-methoxy-4-(2-glycerol)-phenylpropanol (9), (7R, 8R)-7, 8-dihydro-9'-hydroxyl-3'-methoxyl-8- hydroxymethyl-7-(4-hydroxyl-3-methoxyphenyl)- 1'-benzofuranpropanol-9'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (10), (7R, 8R)-4, 7, 9, 9'- tetrahydroxy-3-methoxy-8-O-4'- neoligan-3'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (threo) (11), (7R, 8R)-3-methoxy-8, 4'-oxyneoligna-3', 4, 7, 9, 9'- pentol (threo) (12), 5-(1'-hydroxyethyl)-methyl nicotinate (13), 3-(hydroxyacetyl) indole (14), 4'-hydroxy-N-(4-hydroxy-3- methoxybenzoyl)-3', 5'-dimethoxybenzamide (15), 3-methoxyl-1H-pyrrole (16), (1S, 3S)-1-methyl-1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydro-β-carboline-3- carboxylic acid (17), and syringic acid-4-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (18). Conclusion: Compounds 8-10 and 13-17 are firstly isolated from the plants in Caprofoliaceae, and furthermore, compounds 1-4, 6, 11, and 18 are isolated from the plants of Sambucus L. for the first time.

Cloning and analysis of Actin from Paeonia lactiflora / 中草药

Objective: Genomic gene encoding Actin in Paeonia lactiflora was cloned in order to clarify the gene organization and its expression levels in different tissues in herbaceous peony. Methods: Based on cDNA sequences of Actin genes isolated from P. lactiflora reported by our laboratory, one pair of PCR primers was designed. PCR products of Actin genomic gene were successfully amplified with total genomic DNA extracted from herbecous peony cv. "Taohuafeixue" as template by high-fidelity DNA polymerase KOD-Plus, and then they were cloned to pMD18-T vector and be sequenced. The exons and introns of Actin gene were predicted with bioinformatic softwares. The homology was analyzed by Blastn at the nucleotide level and the molecular phylogenetic tree was constructed with MEGA5.0 software. Based on sequencing results, one pair of PCR primers was designed, and the expression levels of Actin gene in the roots, stems, flowers, and leaves in herbaceous peony were semi-quantified. Results: The sequencing results showed that Actin gene of herbaceous peony was 1405 bp length, which contained four exons and three introns. All the splicing sites in three introns were conservative at 5' donor with GU and 3' receptor with AG. It encoded 377 amino acids, and GenBank accession number was KF363830. A pair of PCR primers was designed and one of them was spaned the first intron, which could effectively prevent the false postive by genomic DNA contamination. The semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis showed that the expression levels of Actin gene in the roots, stems, leaves, and flowers of herbaceous peony were almost constant. Conclusion: It is the first report on cloning and gene organization clarification of genomic gene encoding Actin in P. lactiflora. The semi-quantitative analyses indicate that Actin gene can be used as the internal standard gene for the expression analysis of the functional genes in herbaceous peony.

Study on drug properties of components in Euodiae Fructus based on rat stress gastric ulcer model with cold syndrome / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To clarify drug properties of components in Euodiae Fructus.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The rat cold syndrome model was induced by cold water stress method. The content of neurotransmitters sand hormones such as DA, 5-HT, NE, AChE and 17-OHCS in serum of model rats were taken as the indexes to evaluate drug properties of components in Euodiae Fructus.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Euodiae Fructus and its components could correct or relief the content of energy metabolism and substance metabolism-related neurotransmitters sand hormones in serum of model rats with water-stressed cold syndrome.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Euodiae Fructus and its components are proved to show hot property.</p>

Chemical constituents from seeds of Datura metel (I) / 中草药

Objective: To study the chemical constituents in the seeds of Datura metel. Methods: The constituents were isolated and purified by silica gel, ODS, and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatographies as well as HPLC. Their chemical structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral data. Results: The compounds were isolated from the EtOAc fraction of D. metel extract and identified as cannabisin D (1), cannabisin E (2), cis-cannabisin E (3), cannabisin F (4), cannabisin L (5), cannabisin G (6), grossamide K (7), hyoscyamilactol (8), daturaolone (9), N-trans-feruloyl tryptamine (10), and fraxetin (11), respectively. Conclusion: Compounds 2 and 4 are firstly isolated from the plants in Solanaceae, compounds 1, 3, and 5-7 are firstly isolated from the plants in genus Datura L. and compounds 8-11 are isolated from this plant for the first time.