Biological response modifiers: Current use and future prospects in cancer therapy.

Over the past few decades, considerable success has been achieved in the field of cancer treatment with biological response modifiers (BRM), which are agents that improve the body's ability to fight cancer by immunostimulation. Biological agents, such as interferons and interleukins, provide nonspecific active immunity, whereas the monoclonal antibodies provide passive immunity. Apart from this, other biological agents, such as antiangiogenic agents, matrix metalloprotease inhibitors, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and tumor vaccines, are also increasingly being used in cancer treatment. Hematopoietic factors, such as granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, are used to increase the general immunity and prevent opportunistic infection. BRM are basically used alone or as adjuvants to cancer chemotherapeutic agents. This review sheds light on the current use and the future development of cancer immunotherapy. Search strategy included Pubmed, using the terms "Biological response modifiers in cancer" citations relevant to the topic were screened.

Lupus Vulgaris of Nose.

Lupus vulgaris represents a rare manifestation of infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.It is important to consider tuberculosis in the differential diagnosis of all nasal lesions and take biopsy samples for histological and bacteriological studies. Antitubercular chemotherapy is satisfactory with good result. We hereby report 3 cases of Lupus vulgaris of nose.

Rosai Dorfman syndrome with extranodal manifestation.

Rosai Dorfman Syndrome (RDS) is a benign condition and a rare cause of cervical lymphadenopathy. It usually occurs in the first decade of life and manifest as massive enlargement of cervical lymph nodes. The disease has a benign course and involvement of the nasal cavity as an extranodal site is exceptional. A 22-year-old male presented as progressive massive bilateral cervical lymphadenopathy accompanied with nasal obstruction and occasional episodes of epistaxis. A FNAC from cervical lymph node and biopsy from nasal mass was compatible with RDS.

Neglected Bronchial Foreign Body in an Adult

Foreign body inhalation is a clinical emergency requiring prompt action to ensure speedy recovery and minimize the complications. This is common in children rather than in adults. We hereby report a case of a neglected foreign body which remained in the bronchus of an adult for more than 10 months before the diagnosis was made and appropriate treatment was given.