RÉSUMÉ
Among the various treatments evaluated for their bio-rational effect against mustard aphid on Indian mustard during year- 2021-22 at C. S. Azad University of Agriculture & Technology Kanpur Uttar Pradesh, the descending order are the followed treatments are NSKE @10% > NSKE @5% > Cow Urine @ 10% > Verticillium lecanii @ 1.5kg/ha. > Lantana leaf extract @ 10 % > Castor leaf extract @ 10% > Lantana leaf extract @ 5 % > Castor leaf extract @ 5% > Cow Urine @ 5%. India, the spray of NSKE 10% @ 60 lit/ha followed by NSKE 5 % @ 30 lit/ha was proved to be the best treatments with pooled mean aphid population of 5.42, 5.10, 4.96, 4.85, 5.39, 5.26, 5.42, 5.23, 5.13, and 7.29 aphid/pant in the control after 1, 3, 5 and 7 days of treatment, respectively. The treatment NSKE 10 % was proved best and significantly superior over all treatments with highest reduction of Infestation of Lipaphis erysimi kalt. in both the years.
RÉSUMÉ
Glomerulonephritis (GN) is one of the commonest causes of chronic renal failure (CRF) and end stage renal failure (ESRF). The outcome largely depends on the underlying medical cause, clinical findings and histological appearance. 1188 patients were taken in this study. Of these, 980 had primary and 208 secondary GN. Commonest histological types of primary GN were mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (31%) and membranous nephropathy (21%). Among patients with secondary GN, predominant cause was lupus nephritis (76%) followed by poststreptococcal GN (18%). Clinically, nephrotic syndrome was present in 54%, hypertension in 39% and renal failure in 28%. But clinical pictures were variable among different histological types of GN.