RÉSUMÉ
Resumen Objetivo: Caracterizar la población de pacientes hospitalizados por falla cardiaca aguda con fracción de eyección (FEVI) menor al 50% en el Hospital Departamental de Villavicencio. Materiales y método: Estudio descriptivo de cohorte retrospectiva, de pacientes hospitalizados por falla cardiaca aguda con FEVI menor al 50%, entre el 1.o de enero de 2020 y el 31 de diciembre de 2021. Resultados: Se incluyeron 206 participantes con mediana de edad 70 años, de los cuales el 71.8% fueron hombres. Las comorbilidades más frecuentes fueron hipertensión (76.2%), enfermedad coronaria (47.1%) y diabetes (32%); las principales etiologías de la falla cardiaca fueron isquémica (62.1%) e hipertensiva (27.2%), con un 6.8% de etiología chagásica; las causas de descompensación más frecuentes fueron el síndrome coronario agudo (39.3%) y la mala adherencia al tratamiento (25.7%). La mediana de estancia hospitalaria fue 7.5 días y la mortalidad hospitalaria de 14.6%, con el síndrome coronario agudo como principal causa de muerte (56.7%). Se encontró alto requerimiento de manejo en unidad de cuidado intensivo (UCI) (20.4%), siendo mayor en pacientes con FEVI levemente reducida, comparada con FEVI reducida (35.7 vs. 18%; RR0 = 1.98; p = 0.03), con una mortalidad similar entre ambos grupos (17.9 vs. 14; RR = 1.32; p = 0.54). Conclusiones: Se encontró una alta prevalencia de cardiopatía isquémica, con elevado requerimiento de manejo en UCI y alta mortalidad hospitalaria.
Abstract Introduction: To characterize the population of patients hospitalized for acute heart failure with an ejection fraction of less than 50% in the Departmental Hospital of Villavicencio. Materials and method: This is a descriptive retrospective cohort study of patients hospitalized for acute heart failure with an ejection fraction (LVEF) of less than 50% between January 1, 2020, and December 31, 2021. Results: A total of 206 participants were included, with a median age of 70 years, of the participants, 71.8% were men, the most frequent comorbidities were hypertension (76.2%), coronary disease (47.1%), and diabetes (32%). The main etiologies of heart failure were ischemic (62.1%) and hypertensive (27.2%), with 6.8% attributed to Chagas disease. The most common causes of decompensation were acute coronary syndrome (39.3%) and poor adherence to treatment (25.7%). The median hospital stay was 7.5 days, and the hospital mortality rate was 14.6%, acute coronary syndrome was the leading cause of death (56.7%). A high requirement for intensive care unit (ICU) management was observed (20.4%), which was higher in patients with slightly reduced LVEF compared to those with reduced LVEF (35.7% vs. 18%, RR = 1.98, p = 0.03), however, the mortality rate was similar between both groups (17.9% vs. 14%, RR = 1.32, p = 0.54). Conclusions: It was found a high prevalence of ischemic heart disease, along with a high requirement for ICU management and high in-hospital mortality.