Efficacy of Salicylic Acid in Response to Plant Stress Tolerance, Growth and Productivity: A Review

Plant stress generated by various climatic and anthropogenic activities has exacerbated the degradation of agricultural systems and productivity throughout the developmental era, and it is currently recognized as the world's most significant and possibly deadly danger impacting crop plant economic output. Nonetheless, phytohormones have been found as a potent tool for minimizing the detrimental effects of stressors in agricultural plants in a sustainable manner. Salicylic acid (SA), one of the most important phytohormones, is required for the regulation of plant growth, development, ripening, and defensive responses. A lot of interest has been generated by SA's defensive mechanism. Major agricultural crops' ability to withstand stress has been said to be much improved. SA utilization is influenced by the amount of SA applied, the application method, and the state of the plants (such as their developmental stage and level of acclimation). In this review, we have focus on the efficacy of SA on mitigating various plant biotic and abiotic stress under adverse environmental conditions and its role on plant growth, development and productivity.

Exploring the Significance of Insects in Ecosystems: A Comprehensive Examination of Entomological Studies

The dynamic and expansive field of entomology is poised for transformative changes, thanks to technological advancements and the emergence of new avenues of research. Traditional methodologies like specimen collection and observation are increasingly being complemented by state-of-the-art techniques such as environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis, CRISPR genome editing, remote sensing, and artificial intelligence. The eDNA methodology, for example, offers a non-invasive approach to monitor elusive or endangered insect species, thereby enriching biodiversity databases. Genome editing technologies like CRISPR have enabled nuanced manipulation of insect genes, providing a deeper understanding of their physiology and behavior. Moreover, artificial intelligence and machine learning contribute to automated species identification and predictive modeling of insect populations, offering invaluable insights for conservation efforts. In terms of emerging fields, insect neurobiology, microbiomics, and environmental entomology are gaining prominence. Neurobiological studies are dissecting the neural substrates of insect behaviors, which not only deepen our basic biological understanding but also have implications in robotics and AI. Microbiomics explores the symbiotic relationships between insects and their microbial communities, revealing avenues for novel pest control strategies. Environmental entomology focuses on the impacts of habitat change and climate variability on insect populations, which is crucial for biodiversity conservation. Acknowledging the concerted efforts of researchers, academic institutions, and funding bodies is essential, as these stakeholders shape the field's future direction. Thus, entomology stands at the cusp of a new era, enriched by technological innovations and multidisciplinary approaches. These advancements hold the promise of significantly broadening our understanding of insects' roles in ecosystems, their adaptability, and their importance in maintaining ecological balance. This future direction not only provides exciting prospects for scientific inquiry but also brings forth substantial implications for the sustainable management of ecosystems and conservation policy.