Potencial fungitóxico de extratos vegetais sobre Curvularia eragrostidis (P. Henn. ) Meyer in vitro / Fungitoxic potential of plant extracts on in vitro Curvularia eragrostidis (P. Henn. ) Meyer

RESUMO: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a atividade fungitóxica dos extratos vegetais de alho, citronela, gengibre e nim no controle in vitro de Curvularia eragrostidis. Os extratos foram testados nas concentrações de 5, 15, 25, 35, e 45%, através da deposição de disco de colônia fúngica em placas de Petri contendo meio BDA, acrescido dos extratos e da testemunha. As placas de Petri foram incubadas a 25 ± 2ºC. Avaliou-se o diâmetro das colônias, a cada 24 horas, em dois sentidos opostos, utilizando régua milimetrada. Determinou-se a contagem de esporos do fungo em hemacitômetro após a incubação. Para a germinação de esporos adicionou-se ao meio BDA 0,1 mL de suspensão de 1,3 x 105 conídios/mL- 1 do fungo, acrescido de 0,1 mL de solução dos extratos espalhadas sobre o meio BDA. As placas de Petri foram divididas em quatro quadrantes e incubadas no regime de luz "claro contínuo" e "escuro contínuo". A avaliação foi realizada após 48 horas de incubação através da percentagem de germinação dos conídios nos tratamentos e na testemunha. De acordo com os resultados, concentrações de 5% dos extratos de gengibre e de nim foram eficientes na percentagem de inibição do crescimento micelial e esporulação de C. eragrostidis. A utilização de todos os extratos a partir da concentração de 25% apresentaram os maiores efeitos fitotóxicos nas análises in vitro, reduzindo o crescimento micelial, a esporulação, e germinação do fungo.

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to evaluate the fungitoxic activity of plant extracts from garlic, citronella, ginger and neem on the in vitro control of Curvularia eragrostidis. We used the following treatments: extracts of garlic, citronella, ginger and neem (5, 15, 25, 35, 45%) through the deposition of a fungal colony disk obtained from Petri dishes containing PDA medium supplemented with treatments. For control, only water was added. The Petri dishes were incubated at 25 ± 2ºC for seven days. The colony diameter was evaluated in two opposite directions every 24 hours using a millimeter ruler. At the end of the incubation period, the number of spores was counted using a hemocytometer. Spore germination was evaluated by adding to the PDA medium 0.1 mL collected from a suspension of 1.3 x 105 conidia/mL-1 plus 0.1 mL of a solution of each extract spread on the PDA medium. The Petri dishes were divided into four and incubated in either continuous light or continuous dark. The evaluation was performed 48 hours after incubation by determining the germination rate of conidia in comparison to the control. Concentration of 5% of ginger and neen extracts were efficient on the percentage of inhibition of mycelial growth and sporulation of C. eragrostidis. All extracts from the concentration of 25% showed the highest phytotoxic effects in in vitro assays, reducing mycelial growth, sporulation and germination of the fungus.

La historia clínica y el consentimiento informado en investigaciones clínicas y odontológicas / The medical history and informed consent in the clinical and odontology researchs

Al emprender una investigación en el área de ciencias de la salud, específicamente en odontología, uno de los instrumentos más empleados es la Historia Clínica; de allí, la importancia de conocer su correcta aplicación y uso. El presente artículo tiene como propósito definir y describir la Historia Clínica, sus características, contenidos, modo de empleo y cuándodebe usarse o no este instrumento.Adicionalmente, se describe y define el Consentimiento Informado como documento legal a incluir en la Historia Clínica, cuando la investigación contemple la interacción participante-investigador; para garantizar una intervención ajustada al cumplimiento de las normas bioéticas.

To undertake research in the area of health, specifically in odontology, one of the most commonly used instruments is the Medical History; from there, the importance of knowing their correct implementation and use. This article is intended to define and describe the clinical history, characteristics, content, mode of employment and when should be used or not this instrument. Additionally, it describes and defines the Informed Consent as a legal document to be included in the Medical History, when the research contemplates the participant-researcher interaction, to ensure an intervention tailored to the bioethical standards.