Effects of aromatase inhibitors on the ocular surface microenvironment / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To analyze the effects of aromatase inhibitors(AIs)on the ocular surface microenvironment of the users.METHODS: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted. The study included postmenopausal women who received AIs treatment at galactophore department of our hospital from November 2022 to May 2023. Participants were divided into two groups based on the mechanism of AIs: the steroidal group and the non-steroidal group. The control group consisted of age-matched women who underwent occupational health examinations. All participants completed the ocular surface disease index(OSDI)questionnaire and underwent detailed ophthalmic examinations, including best-corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure, axial length, corneal curvature, radius of curvature of curved lacrimal river surface, tear osmolarity, tear film break-up time, corneal fluorescein staining score, Schirmer Ⅰ test, and meibomian gland infrared score.RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences in age, best-corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure, axial length, and corneal curvature between control group and steroidal and non-steroidal group(P>0.05). The duration of drug treatment between the steroidal group and the non-steroidal group also showed no statistically significant difference(P>0.05). However, statistically significant differences were observed between the control group and the steroidal and non-steroidal group in OSDI scores, radius of curvature of curved lacrimal river surface, tear osmolarity, tear film break-up time, corneal fluorescein staining score, Schirmer Ⅰ test, and meibomian gland infrared score(P<0.05). The Schirmer Ⅰ test also showed statistically significant differences between the steroidal group and the non-steroidal group(P<0.05), while other data showed no statistically significant differences(P>0.05).CONCLUSION: Postmenopausal patients receiving AIs treatment experienced significant changes in the ocular microenvironment, with both decreased tear secretion and excessive tear evaporation contributing to the occurrence of dry eye. Notably, patients receiving non-steroidal AIs treatment showed a more significant reduction in main lacrimal gland secretion.

Biotherapy for acne inversa / 中华皮肤科杂志

With the increasing understanding of inflammatory pathogenesis of acne inversa, as well as with the development and application of biological agents in the treatment of autoimmune inflammatory diseases, some biological agents have shown good efficacy and potential for the treatment of acne inversa in clinical research and practice. This review mainly summarizes the research progress in biotherapy of acne inversa in recent years.

Influencing factors of negative conversion time of nucleic acid detection in 228 patients infected with Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 in Shanghai / 中国热带医学

@#Abstract: Objective To analyze and compare the effects of different clinical characteristics on the negative conversion time of nucleic acid detection after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron variant infection, and to provide a scientific basis for the isolation and treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods　The epidemiological and clinical data of 228 mild SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant infected patients diagnosed in Shanghai were retrospectively collected from April 27, 2022 to June 8, 2022 in Wujiaochang designated Hospital, Yangpu District, Shanghai. The negative conversion time of nucleic acid detection was used as the outcome variable, and the patients were divided into A (≤18 days) and B (>18 days). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the influencing factors of the negative conversion time of nucleic acid detection. Results　The mean nucleic acid conversion time of 228 patients was (18.7±12.1) d, with the median time of 18 (2-46) d. Among them, 120 patients in group A had an average nucleic acid conversion time of (13.2±2.0) d, and 108 cases in group B had an average nucleic acid conversion time of (20.8±1.3) d. Univariate analysis showed that there were no statistically significant differences in the effects of hypertension, coronary heart disease, diabetes, hypokalemia, malignant tumors, neuropsychiatric diseases, chronic digestive diseases on the negative nucleic acid conversion time (P>0.05); however, there were significant differences in the effects of combined cerebrovascular disease, leukopenia, chronic respiratory system diseases and vaccination on the negative nucleic acid conversion time (P<0.05). Further multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the combination of chronic respiratory diseases and non-vaccination were significant risk factors for prolongation of negative nucleic acid conversion time (P<0.05). Conclusions The results of this study show that gender, age and whether hypertension, coronary heart disease, diabetes mellitus, hypokalemia, malignant tumor, neuropsychiatric disease and chronic digestive disease have no significant effect on the nucleic acid conversion time, whereas chronic respiratory disease and no vaccination are significantly correlated with the prolongation of nucleic acid conversion time in SARS-CoV-2 Omicron-infected patients.

Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio as a biomarker for predicting coronary artery lesions in Chinese children with Kawasaki disease: a Meta analysis / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To systematically evaluate the value of the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in predicting coronary artery lesions (CAL) in Chinese children with Kawasaki Disease (KD).@*METHODS@#A comprehensive search was conducted in databases including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data, China Biomedical Literature Database, and China Science and Technology Journal Database from inception to December 2022. The quality of the included literature was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, and a Meta analysis was performed using Stata 15.1.@*RESULTS@#A total of ten published reports, involving 3 664 Chinese children with KD, were included in this Meta analysis, of whom 1 328 developed CAL. The Meta analysis revealed a sensitivity of 0.78 (95%CI: 0.71-0.83), specificity of 0.71 (95%CI: 0.61-0.80), overall diagnostic odds ratio of 8.69 (95%CI: 5.02-15.06), and an area under the curve of the summary receiver operating characteristic of 0.82 (95%CI: 0.78-0.85) for PLR in predicting CAL in the children with KD. The sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve of summary receiver operating characteristic were lower for PLR alone compared to PLR in combination with other indicators. Sensitivity analysis demonstrated the stability of the Meta analysis results with no significant changes upon excluding individual studies. However, a significant publication bias was observed (P<0.001).@*CONCLUSIONS@#PLR demonstrates certain predictive value for CAL in Chinese children with KD.

Effect of vancomycin-loaded microbubbles combined with ultrasound targeted microbubble destruction technology on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus biofilms / 中华创伤杂志

Objective:To investigate the effect of vancomycin (Vm)-loaded microbubbles (MBs) combined with ultrasound targeted microbubble destruction (UTMD) technique on the morphological structure, thickness and bacterial viability of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) biofilms.Methods:Vm-MBs were prepared by thin film hydration. Sterile coverslips in a diameter of 13 mm were placed in 24-well plates to construct in vitro biofilm models using MRSA as the test strain, and the biofilm morphology was observed by naked eye and light microscopy after crystal violet staining. LIVE/DEAD, SYTO59 and DIL were used to stain biofilms and MBs, respectively. After staining, the biofilm morphology and position of the biofilm in relation to MBs were observed using laser confocal scanning microscopy. The biofilms were divided into control group, Vm group, Vm-MBs group, UTMD group and Vm-MBs+UTMD group according to the random number table method, with 9 samples in each group. After biofilms of each group were treated accordingly for 24 hours, the morphological and structural changes of biofilms in each group were observed using laser confocal scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy following LIVE/DEAD staining; the difference in biofilm density in each group was measured with the aid of an enzyme marker following crystal violet staining; the difference in biofilm thickness and bacterial viability in each group were observed by laser confocal scanning microscopy. Results:The prepared Vm-MBs met the experimental requirements. The constructed biofilm model observed by naked eye, light microscopy and laser confocal scanning microscopy showed that the biofilm structure was dense with a relatively uniform thickness of (13.8±0.2)nm, a small amount of dead bacteria inside the membrane and the percentage of live bacteria of (94.9±0.3)%. Laser confocal scanning microscopy showed that MBs could penetrate into deeper layers of biofilms. After the respective treatment was given to each group for 24 hours, Laser confocal scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy following LIVE/DEAD staining showed that the biofilm morphological structure was most significantly disrupted in Vm-MBs+UTMD group compared to control, Vm, Vm-MBs and UTMD groups. In Vm-MBs+UTMD group, a large number of dead bacteria was observed, with only a few scattered planktonic bacteria and irregular changes in cell membrane morphology. Crystal violet staining showed that the biofilm density was significantly lower in Vm-MBs+UTMD group compared to control group ( P<0.05), while the differences between Vm, Vm-MBs and UTMD groups were not statistically significant (all P>0.05). Laser confocal microscopy showed that the biofilm thickness was thinner in Vm-MBs, UTMD and Vm-MBs+UTMD groups compared to control group (all P<0.05), with no significant difference between Vm group and control group ( P>0.05) and that the biofilm thickness was thinner in Vm-MBs+UTMD group compared to Vm, Vm-MBs and UTMD groups (all P<0.01), with no significant differences between the other groups (all P>0.05). Bacterial activity in Vm, Vm-MBs, UTMD and Vm-MBs+UTMD groups was significantly lower than that in control group (all P<0.01), with lower in Vm-MBs+UTMD group compared to Vm, Vm-MBs and UTMD groups (all P<0.01), but without significant difference between the other groups (all P>0.05). Conclusion:Vm-MBs combined with UTMD technology can effectively destroy the biofilm morphological structure to reduce biofilm thickness. Meanwhile, Vm-MBs combined with UTMD technology can release antibiotics and significantly decrease bacterial viability to improve antibiotic bactericidal efficacy.

Expression of miR-769-3p in bladder cancer tissues and the effect of its down-regulation on the migration and cell cycle of bladder cancer J82 cells / 国际外科学杂志

Objective:To explore the expression level of miR-769-3p in bladder cancer tissues, and observe the effect of silencing miR-769-3p on the migration ability and cell cycle of J82 cells by down-regulating the expression level of miR-769-3p in bladder cancer J82 cells.Methods:The OncomiR database was used to analyze the expression differences of miR-769-3p in bladder cancer tissues and adjacent tissues. J82 cells were transfected with Lipofectamine 2000 transfection reagent and divided into si-miR-769-3p group (transfected with miR-769-3p small molecule interference fragments) and control group (transfected with meaningless sequences). quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the relative expression level of miR-769-3p after transfection. The cell scratch test and flow cytometry were used to compare the migration ability and cell cycle differences between the two groups of J82 cells. The bioinformatics software MicroRNAdb was used to predict the target gene of miR-769-3p. The dual-luciferase reporter gene assay was used to verify the complementary binding of miR-769-3p to the target gene. qRT-PCR and Western blotting were used to detect the expression levels of miR-769-3p target gene. Measurement data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation ( ± s), and t-test was used for comparison between two groups. Results:The expression of miR-769-3p was significantly increased in bladder cancer tissues compared with adjacent tissues, the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.01). The relative expression of miR-769-3p in the si-miR-769-3p group (1.02 ± 0.16) was significantly lower than that of the control group (4.50 ± 0.60), the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.01). The cell migration rate of the si-miR-769-3p group [(26.67±3.98)%] was significantly lower than that of the control group [(61.86±4.70)%], the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.01). The proportion of cells in the G 0-G 1 phase in the si-miR-769-3p group [(57.66±5.74)%] was significantly higher than that in the control group [(31.26±3.24)%], the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.01). Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay confirmed that endothelin 3 ( EDN3) was the target gene of miR-769-3p. The relative expression of EDN3 mRNA in J82 cells in control group and si-miR-769-3p group was 1.99 ± 0.66 and 6.98 ± 0.76, compared with the control group, the EDN3 mRNA relative expression level of the si-miR-769-3p group was significantly higher than that of the control group, the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.01). Conclusion:Low expression of miR-769-3p can inhibit the migration of bladder cancer J82 cells and block the J82 cell cycle by promoting the expression of EDN3 gene.

Risk Factors of Bleeding-related Perioperative Cardiac Arrest / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To reveal the incidence,mortality,and risk factors of bleeding-related perioperative cardiac arrest(POCA). Methods We carried out a single-center retrospective case-control study which enrolled all the POCA cases reported from January 2010 to September 2020 in the patient safety incident reporting system of Peking Union Medical College Hospital.For the screening of risk factors,the patients were respectively assigned into the POCA group and the control group at a ratio of 1∶3 according to the same sex,age,American Society of Anesthesiologists(ASA)physical status,and type of surgery in the same month.Potential risk factors for POCA were first selected by univariate analysis.The significant risk factors were then checked based on the clinical experience and further included in the multivariate Logistic regression model. Results Totally 16 bleeding-related POCA cases were collected from the patient safety incident reporting system among the study period,with an overall incidence of 0.36/10 000.The blood loss volume of POCA group and control group was(7 037.50±5 477.70)ml and(375.63±675.14)ml,respectively(P<0.001),and 14(87.5%)patients suffering from bleeding-related POCA died within three days after anesthesia.According to the univariate analysis,patients' body mass index[(21.79±3.57)kg/m2 vs.(24.26±3.91)kg/m2,P=0.043],hemoglobin level[(113.44±31.08)g/L vs.(131.75±19.70)g/L,P=0.039],and alanine aminotransferase level[(17.31±7.73)U/L vs.(26.91±24.73)U/L,P=0.022]were significantly lower in the POCA group than in the control group.Further Logistic regression analysis showed that smaller body mass index and lower preoperative hemoglobin level were independently associated with the occurrence of bleeding-related POCA. Conclusions Bleeding-related POCA rarely occurred but had high mortality.Adequate precautions should be taken for the patients who are to receive surgeries with high risk of intraoperative massive bleeding.Elevating preoperative hemoglobin level might decrease the incidence of bleeding-related POCA.

Sorafenib induces mitochondrial dysfunction and activates oxidative damage in hepatocellular carcinoma cells / 中国临床药理学与治疗学

AIM: To investigate the role of sorafenib in promoting ferroptosis in HCC, and whether cell death can be induced by activating mitochondrial oxidative stress and consequent mitochondrial dysfunction. METHODS: Hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines Huh7 and HCC-LM3 were treated with different concentrations of sorafenib, the cell viability was determined by CCK-8 assay; mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was measured by Tetramethylrhodamine (TMRM) staining; The mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate was monitored by the Seahorse XF24 Analyzer; mitochondrial superoxide indicator (Mitosox) was used to determine the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in mitochondria; the formation of total ROS was determined by dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCF-DA) staning. Finally, The recovery of oxidative damage and cell death induced by sorafenib was observed after pretreated by glutathione (GSH). RESULTS: With the increasing concentration of sorafenib, the survival of the Huh7 and HCC-LM3 was significantly decreased. Sorafenib also inhibited the oxygen consumption rate and decreased oxidative phosphorylation, which results in the depolarization of MMP, ROS accumulation and eventually ferroptosis of HCC cells. However, the occurrence of oxidative stress induced by sorafenib in HCC cells can be effectively reversed by the pretreatment of GSH. CONCLUSION: The ferroptosis can be induced by sorafenib through inducing mitochondrial dysfunction and ROS accumulation in HCC cells. However, the GSH can restore oxidative damage. Therefore, induction of the GSH deficiency in HCC may be a potential therapeutic option to enhance the efficacy of sorafenib.

Progress in the construction of inner blood retinal barrier model<i> in vitro</i> / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#The blood-retinal barrier is an important structural basis for maintaining the homeostasis of the retinal environment, but there is still a lack of further research on its complete structure and function. The <i>in vitro</i> blood-retinal barrier model has the characteristics of controllable, efficient, fast and stable, and has become an effective tool to study the specific structure and function of the barrier. This paper mainly reviews the structure, function and <i>in vitro</i> model of blood-retinal barrier, which is helpful to promote the study of physiology, biochemistry, pathopharmacology and clinic of blood-retinal barrier. It also provides a common and key experimental basis for the study of fundus vascular diseases such as diabetic retinopathy.

Color coding of digital subtraction angiography in assessment of hemodynamic changes before and after carotid stent implantation / 中国介入影像与治疗学

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility of color coding of DSA (CC-DSA) in assessment of hemodynamic changes before and after carotid artery stenting (CAS). Methods: Data of 16 patients with severe stenosis at the beginning of internal carotid artery who underwent CAS were analyzed retrospectively. DSA images before and after CAS were processed with CC-DSA software to get the corresponding color coded images. The points of interest (POI) were set up in common carotid artery, C1 segment of internal carotid artery, M1 segment of middle cerebral artery and transverse sinus, respectively, and the time to peak (TTP) as well as the relative time to peak (rTTP) of each POI were collected. Meanwhile, the peak systolic velocity (PSV) and end-diastolic velocity (EDV) of the anterior and posterior carotid artery stenosis segments and the distal end of the internal carotid artery C1 segment (normal lumen) were collected. Results: TTP and rTTP of C1 segment of internal carotid artery and M1 segment of middle cerebral artery after CAS were lower than those before CAS (all P0.05). Compared with those before CAS, PSV and EDV in carotid artery stenosis segment decreased, and PSV in the distal segment C1 of internal carotid artery increased after CAS (all P<0.05). The change value of TTP in C1 segment of internal carotid artery before and after CAS was positively correlated with the change values of PSV (rs=0.500, P=0.049) and EDV (rs=0.522, P=0.038) at the distal end. Conclusion: CC-DSA can quantitatively evaluate the hemodynamic changes before and after CAS in patients with internal carotid artery stenosis.

Mechanism of Therapeutic Methods for Activating Blood and Removing Blood Stasis in Treatment of Cerebral Hemorrhage / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) refers to the primary non-traumatic parenchymal hemorrhage, which is one of the common cerebrovascular diseases, with a high incidence, rapid development, slow recovery and high disabling rate. After intracerebral hemorrhage, a series of pathological changes occur in the brain tissue, such as local hematoma and its space occupying effect, secondary cerebral edema, death of brain cells and destruction of blood-brain barrier, which may lead to brain injury and neurological defects, seriously affect the quality of life of patients, and even endanger the life. Therefore, it is great medical value to find effective therapeutic methods and drugs, explore the mechanisms and targets for improving neurological function, reduce sequelae and improve the quality of life of patients. According to the theory of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), cerebral hemorrhage belongs to " abnormal flow of the blood" , which equals to blood stasis. In recent years, scholars conducted extensive research on drugs for promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis with modern scientific methods, and made in-depth discussion for the mechanism, and found that therapies for activating blood and removing blood stasis, plays a key role in intervening a series of physiological and pathological changes after cerebral hemorrhage, with significant curative effects in removing hematoma, improving the microcirculation and reducing the mortality and morbidity. This article summarized drugs for promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis (Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma, Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Hirudo), formulas (Buyang Huanwu Tang, Didangtang, Naoxueshu oral liquid, Tongqiao Huoxuetang) and compound injections (Danhong injection) for the treatment of cerebral hemorrhage targets, and discussed the experimental research progress TCM for promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis in treatment of cerebral hemorrhage in terms of promoting hematoma absorption, reducing brain edema and apoptosis, promoting angiogenesis, inhibiting the inflammatory response, and promoting the repair and regeneration of nerve tissue in nearly five years, and summarized the therapeutic mechanism, so as to provide scientific basis for clinical application of the therapeutic methods for activating blood and removing stasis to treat cerebral hemorrhage and the modern scientific research.

Meta-Analysis for Effect of Danhong Injection on Cardiac Function and TIMI During Perioperative PCI in Acute Myocardial Infarction / 中国实验方剂学杂志

<b>Objective::Evaluate the effects of Danhong injection for perioperative percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) on cardiac function and thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). <b>Method::Computer retrieving CNKI, Wanfang database, VIP database, PubMed, CBM, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, gathering Danhong injection in percutaneous coronary intervention perioperative application in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction clinic trials. The Cochrane risk evaluation is adopted to improve the quality of literature evaluation, with Revman 5.3 software for Meta-analysis. <b>Result::Participants included in 12 clinic trials contains a total of 1 131 patients, including 569 patients in Danhong treatment and 562 patients in control group. The results showed that compared with conventional treatment, Danhong injection treated patients had LVEF increased obviously [mean difference (MD)=6.62, 95% confidence interval (CI) (4.91, 8.34), <italic>P</italic><0.000 01], the number of TIMI class 3 patients significantly increased[relative risk (RR)=0.22, 95%CI(0.12, 0.41), <italic>P</italic><0.000 01], and BNP levels significantly decreased [MD=151.86, 95%CI (-247.00, -56.72), <italic>P</italic>=0.002]. <b>Conclusion::Danhong injection can improve the function of acute myocardial infarction after percutaneous coronary intervention.

Dexmedetomidine attenuates inflammation and pancreatic injury in a rat model of experimental severe acute pancreatitis via cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#Excessive inflammatory responses play a critical role in the development of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP), and controlling such inflammation is vital for managing this often fatal disease. Dexmedetomidine has been reported to possess protective properties in inflammatory diseases. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether dexmedetomidine pre-treatment exerts an anti-inflammatory effect in rats with SAP induced by sodium taurocholate, and if so, to determine the potential mechanism.@*METHODS@#SAP was induced with sodium taurocholate. Rats received an intraperitoneal injection of dexmedetomidine 30 min before sodium taurocholate administration. α-bungarotoxin, a selective alpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAchR) antagonist, was injected intra-peritoneally 30 min before dexmedetomidine administration. The role of the vagus nerve was evaluated by performing unilateral cervical vagotomy before the administration of dexmedetomidine. Efferent discharge of the vagal nerve was recorded by the BL-420F Data Acquisition & Analysis System. Six hours after onset, serum pro-inflammatory cytokine (tumor necrosis factor α [TNF-α] and interleukin 6 [IL-6]) levels and amylase levels were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and an automated biochemical analyzer, respectively. Histopathological changes in the pancreas were observed after hematoxylin and eosin staining and scored according to Schmidt criteria.@*RESULTS@#Pre-treatment with dexmedetomidine significantly decreased serum levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and amylase, strongly alleviating pathological pancreatic injury in the rat model of SAP (TNF-α: 174.2 ± 30.2 vs. 256.1±42.4 pg/ml; IL-6: 293.3 ± 46.8 vs. 421.7 ± 48.3 pg/ml; amylase: 2102.3 ± 165.3 vs. 3186.4 ± 245.2 U/L). However, the anti-inflammatory and pancreatic protective effects were abolished after vagotomy or pre-administration of α-bungarotoxin. Dexmedetomidine also significantly increased the discharge frequency and amplitude of the cervical vagus nerve in the SAP rat model (discharge frequency: 456.8 ± 50.3 vs. 332.4 ± 25.1 Hz; discharge amplitude: 33.4 ± 5.3 vs. 20.5 ± 2.9 μV).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Dexmedetomidine administration attenuated the systemic inflammatory response and local pancreatic injury caused by SAP in rats through the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway involving vagus- and α7nAChR-dependent mechanisms.

Research progress on animal models of oral mucositis caused by radiotherapy and chemotherapy / 口腔疾病防治

@#Inflammation of the oral mucosa induced by radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy may cause pain, difficulty speaking and swallowing, an increased risk of local and systemic infections, and even interrupt cancer treatment, which can seriously affect a patient′s quality of life. The pathogenesis of oral mucositis is complicated. There is still a lack of prevention and treatment modalities for oral mucositis in the clinic. Animal models play a vital role in exploring the pathogenesis of oral mucositis and developing better prevention and treatment methods. This article reviews the current research progress on the establishment and assessment of animal models of oral mucositis. The literature review results showed that animal models of oral mucositis have been established, such as mouse, rat, and gold hamster models. In the replication of animal models, radiotherapy-induced oral mucositis is generally induced by local single-dose or fractionated irradiation using X-ray equipment, either alone or in combination with the chemotherapy drugs 5-fluorouracil or cisplatin; cesium can also be used used as a radioactive source for local irradiation. Oral mucositis induced by the chemotherapy drug 5-fluorouracil alone is generally mild, so 5-fluorouracil was combined with mechanical trauma or acetic acid. The main methods for assessing oral mucositis are gross observation as well as histopathological observation.

Advances in hyperprogressive disease of PD-1/PD-L1 antibody drugs and rational drug therapy / 药学学报

With the significant breakthrough that programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) antibody drugs achieved promising clinical outcomes across various tumor types, immunotherapy targeting immune checkpoint has been considered a promising way to treat cancer. However, most recently studies suggest that the hyperprogressive disease occurred frequently during the therapy of using PD-1/PD-L1 antibody drugs and has become an urgent problem to be solved. In this review, we summarize the progress and potential reasons of hyperprogressive disease caused by PD-1/PD-L1 blockade, and further discuss its application based on the rational use of biomarkers for searching the benefit patients.

Effect of Qingkailing on Expression of Toll-like Receptor 4, gp91phox and Zonula Occludens-1 in Cerebrovascular Endothelial Cells Induced by Hypoxia Activating Microglias / 中国康复理论与实践

Objetive To investigate the effect of Qingkailing injection on the expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), gp91phox and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) in cerebrovascular endothelial cells induced by hypoxia activation of microglias. Methods:BV2 microglia cells were divided into six groups. They were cultured in serum-free DMEM, while the Qingkailing groups of low, middle and high dosages were cultured with 0.0625%, 0.125% and 0.25% Qingkailing injection, respectively, and minocycline group with minocycline of 200 nmol/L. The groups other than control group underwent hypoxia for 24 hours and reoxygenation for 24 hours. Then, the medium of microglia was put into the medium of Balb/c endothelial cells for 24 hours. The cell viability of endothelial cells was measured with CCK-8, the concentration of nitric oxide (NO) was detected with colorimetry, and the experission of TLR4, gp91phox and ZO-1 was detected with Western blotting. Results:Compared with the control group, the cell viability and the expression of ZO-1 decreased in the model group (P < 0.01), while the concentration of NO and the expression of TLR4 and gp91phox increased (P < 0.05). Compared with the model group, the cell viability and the expression of ZO-1 increased in the Qingkailing groups and the minocycline group (P < 0.05), while the concentration of NO and the expression of TLR4 and gp91phox decreased (P < 0.05). Conclusion:Qingkailing injection may enhance the survival and function of cerebrovascular endothelial cells by inhibiting the hypoxia activation of microglias, reducing the expression of TLR4 and gp91phox, and increasing the expression of ZO-1.

Research progress on the influencing factors of dental fluorosis / 口腔疾病防治

@#Dental fluorosis is a kind of enamel hypoplasia caused by excessive fluorine intake during tooth development, leading to the formation of enamel with a lower mineral content and increased porosity, which can affect dental function and patients′ appearance. The prevalence of dental fluorosis remains high on a global level, and its occurrence is affected by many factors. Excessive fluorine intake is a major risk factor for dental fluorosis. The ways of fluorine intake mainly includes the application of fluorides, daily diet and air. Since fluorides have been widely used in the prevention of caries in recent decades and the methods of exposure to fluorine have been increasing, increasing numbers of studies have been conducted to explore how fluoride can achieve a balance between the effective prevention of caries and the prevention of dental fluorosis. In addition, exposure to fluorine at earlier ages can also increase the risk of dental fluorosis, while the improvement of nutritional structure can affect dental fluorosis prevention. Genetic susceptibility, socioeconomic status and parental awareness may influence dental fluorosis. This article aimed to review the latest research progress on the factors influencing dental fluorosis and provide a reference for the prevention and treatment of dental fluorosis.

Research progress into probiotics for the prevention of dental caries / 口腔疾病防治

@#Caries is an important public health problem that affect the quality of life of residents, and microorganisms is the most important factor in its incidence. Probiotics are types of microorganisms that are beneficial to the human body and can regulate the microecological balance; thus, they have great potential for caries prevention. This paper reviews the caries prevention mechanism of probiotics, the research progress of probiotics of different genera, and the early colonization of probiotics and their safety. The literature review showed that probiotics aimed at caries prevention could colonize the oral cavity and played a role in caries prevention by inhibiting the growth of cariogenic bacteria and regulating host immunity. At present, probiotics used to prevent dental caries include probiotic Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium and Streptococcus. The positive effect of probiotics on dental caries has been confirmed in most clinical trials. Because probiotics include a variety of strains with strain-specific functions, different strains may be the reason for the lack of caries prevention in some clinical trials. The potential probiotic strains with a strong colonization ability and caries prevention effect in the oral cavity are the research hotspots for caries prevention probiotics.

Prognostic Significance of CD45CD117 Cells in Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia after Complete Remission / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the predictive value of CD45CD117 phenotype-abnormal cells (hereinafter referred to as "abnormal cells") for relapse and prognosis in adult patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) within 2 weeks after the first complete remission (CR1).@*METHODS@#The clinical data of patients with newly diagnosed AML (non-acute promyelocytic leukemia) admitted in our department from July 1, 2014 to June 30, 2017 were analyzed retrospectively, and the relationship between clinical features at the initial diagnosis and the abnormal phenotype cells of CD45CD117 within 2 weeks after CR1 with the prognosis were analyzed.@*RESULTS@#A total of 91 patients with CD45CD117 abnormal cells were detected. The median age was 51 years old, the median WBC count was 11.60×109/L, and the median ratio of bone marrow blast cells was 0.35 at initial diagnosis. According to the FAB classification, 1 (1.1%), 7 (7.7%), 38 (41.7%), 20 (22.0%), 21 (23.1%) and 4 (4.4%) patients were classifice as M0, M1, M2, M4, M5, and M6, respectively. According to the NCCN risk stratification, 30 (33.0%), 51 (56.0%), and 10 (11.0%) patients were determined as good, moderate, and poor prognosis, respectively. The median ratio of abnormal cells within 2 weeks after CR1 was 1.8500 (0.0236-8.0000)%. The median time from initiation of induction therapy to the acquisition of CR was 46 days, median recurrence-free survival time was 319 days, and median overall survival time was 352 days. A total of 45 patients relapsed, of which 14 died; 46 patients did not relapse, of which 3 died. The cutoff of abnormal cells by receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis was 2.055% (Se=0.733，Sp=0.761). The abnormal cell ratio was＞2.055% in 44 patients, the median ratio of abnormal cells was 3.075%, among which 33 patients relapsed and 12 patients died; the abnormal cell ratio was ＜2.055% in 47 patients, the median ratio of abnormal cells was 1.150%, 12 patients relapsed and 5 patients died. Regression analysis showed that WBC count＞50×10/L and abnormal cell ratio＞2.055% were independent risk factors for recurrence. The abnormal cell ratio＞2.055% group had a 2-year RFS rate of 54.3% and a 2-year OS rate of 52.8%. The abnormal cell ratio＜2.055% group had a 2-year RFS rate of 86.6% (P=0.018), and a 2-year OS rate of 85.3% (P＜0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#For adult AML patients, CD45CD117 phenotypical abnormal cells ratio＞2.055% within 2 weeks after CR1 is an independent risk factor for recurrence, which also is an dverse factor for RFS and OS.

Effect of Stably Down-regulating FMI Expression of K562 Cells on Sensitivity of K562 cells to Imatinib Mesylate / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effect of stably down-regulating the FMI expression of K562 cells on the sensitivity of K562 cells to Imatinib (IM) and its possible mechanism.@*METHODS@#Western-blot was used to detect the expression of FMI protein in K562 cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells from the patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia, chronic myeloid blast crisis and healthy volunteers. The specific interference sequences targeting at the human FMI gene were designed and ligated into the lentiviral vector LV3; the three plasmid system-packaged lentivirus particles were used to transfect K562 cells to screen K562 cells that stably down-regulated FMI. CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry were used to determine effect of IM on cell proliferation and apoptosis. The transcription level of FMI and Fz8 in leukemia cells was detected by fluorescent quantitative PCR. The protein expression levels of FMI, Fz8, NFAT1, BCR-ABL and β-catenin in leukemia cells were detected by Western-blot.@*RESULTS@#The expression of FMI protein could be detected in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of the patients with CML-BC and K562 cells, the FMI expression could not be detected in all the patients with CML-CP and healthy volunteers. The recombinant lentiviral vector LV3/FMI had been successfully constructed the lentivirus was packaged, and the K562 cells stably down-regulating the FMI protein were screened. After stable down-regulation of FMI expression in K562 cells, the proliferation rate of leukemia cells decreased and the apoptosis rate was increased under the same drug concentration. Both the transcription and protein expression levels of Fz8 decreased. The NFAT1 total protein level increased, as well as the nuclear translocation of protein was enhanced. There was no significant change in the expression level of BCR-ABL fusion protein. The expression level of β-catenin protein decreased.@*CONCLUSION@#After the stable down-regulation of FMI expression, the sensitivity of K562 cells to IM and apoptosis of cells increase, which are performed possibly by inhibiting the FMI-Fz8 signaling pathway and activating the Ca-NFAT and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.