Bone marrow mononuclear cells versus mesenchymal stem cells from adipose tissue on bone healing in an Old World primate: can this be extrapolated to humans? / Células mononucleares de medula óssea versus células-tronco mesenquimais de tecido adiposo em cicatrização de lesão óssea em primata: pode ser extrapolado para humanos?

In veterinary medicine, the cell therapy is still unexplored and there are many unanswered questions that researchers tend to extrapolate to humans in an attempt to treat certain injuries. Investigating this subject in nonhuman primates turns out to be an unparalleled opportunity to better understand the dynamics of stem cells against some diseases. Thus, we aimed to compare the efficiency of bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from adipose tissue of Chlorocebus aethiops in induced bone injury. Ten animals were used, male adults subjected, to bone injury the iliac crests. The MSCs were isolated by and cultured. In an autologous manner, the BMMCs were infused in the right iliac crest, and MSCs from adipose tissue in the left iliac crest. After 4.8 months, the right iliac crests fully reconstructed, while left iliac crest continued to have obvious bone defects for up to 5.8 months after cell infusion. The best option for treatment of injuries with bone tissue loss in old world primates is to use autologous MSCs from adipose tissue, suggesting we can extrapolate the results to humans, since there is phylogenetic proximity between species.(AU)

Na medicina veterinária, a terapia celular ainda é inexplorada e há muitas perguntas não respondidas, o que leva os pesquisadores a uma tendência a estender a terapia para os seres humanos, na tentativa de tratar certas lesões. Investigar esse assunto em primatas não humanos revela-se uma oportunidade sem precedentes para compreender melhor a dinâmica das células-tronco contra algumas doenças. Assim, objetivou-se comparar a eficiência das células mononucleares de medula óssea (BMMCs) e das células-tronco mesenquimais (MSCs) do tecido adiposo de Chlorocebus aetiops na lesão óssea induzida. Foram utilizados 10 animais, adultos do sexo masculino, submetidos à lesão óssea nas cristas ilíacas. As MSCs foram isoladas e cultivadas; de forma autóloga, as BMMCs foram infundidas na crista ilíaca direita e as MSCs de tecido adiposo na crista ilíaca esquerda. Após 4,8 meses, a crista ilíaca direita foi totalmente reconstruída, enquanto a crista ilíaca esquerda continuou apresentando defeito ósseo evidente por até 5,8 meses após a infusão. A melhor opção para o tratamento de lesões com perda de tecido ósseo em primatas do Velho Mundo é a utilização de MSCs autólogas de tecido adiposo, sugerindo que se podem estender os resultados para seres humanos, uma vez que há proximidade filogenética entre as espécies.(AU)

Submandibular glands and the regulation of gastric proliferation and TGFα distribution during rat postnatal development

Rodent gastric mucosa grows and differentiates during suckling-weaning transition. Among the molecules in rat milk, EGF and TGFβ are important peptides in the control of cell proliferation, and together with TGFα, they are also produced by submandibular glands. We aimed to determine the effect of saliva and milk on epithelial cell proliferation in the stomach of rat pups. We also examined the distribution of TGFα in the gastric mucosa after sialoadenectomy (SIALO) and fasting in order to determine whether this growth factor is affected by the deprivation of molecules derived from saliva and milk. SIALO was performed at 14 days and fasting was induced 3 days later. Cell proliferation was evaluated through metaphasic index and TGFα was detected by immunohistochemistry. We observed that whereas SIALO did not alter cell division, since the metaphasic index (MI) was unchanged, fasting stimulated cell proliferation (P < 0.05). After SIALO and fasting, MI was reduced when compared to the fasted group (P < 0.05). We found that TGFα is distributed along gastric gland and SIALO did not interfere in the localization and number of immunolabeled cells, but fasting increased their density when compared to the control (P < 0.05). The association of SIALO and fasting reduced TGFα immunostaining (P < 0.05). Therefore, during fasting, high MI was parallel to increased TGFα in gastric epithelium, but interestingly, this effect was found only in the presence of submandibular glands. We suggest that during suckling, peptides derived from saliva and milk are important to regulate gastric growth.

Development of an educational software for the learningof obstetric anatomy addressed to nursing

Computational technology, such as software, computer program, has been a great tool for the Teaching-Learning process, mainly in Health Sciences. The aim of this study was to develop software (didactic CD‑ROM)on the Learning process of Obstetric Anatomy for Nursing by means of a judicious choice (Portuguese andEnglish languages) of 107 anatomical keywords related to the Obstetrics and sites related to the theme.This CD-ROM (Macromedia Dreamweaver® a computational tool), addressed to the Learning of ObstetricAnatomy for Nursing, could provide logical apprehension of obstetric anatomical terms from didactic texts,images and sites from Web. The educational software development favors an interaction between experts ofHuman Anatomy, Pedagogy and Computer Science. Computing tools applied to Health Sciences are useful topromote knowledge on virtual environments and to complement the Learning of Obstetric Anatomy.

Avaliação da técnica de arteriografia renal guiada por fluoroscopia em suínos / Description of the fluoroscopy-guided renal arteriography in swine

The fluoroscopy-guided renal arteriography was evaluated in order to be used as an auxiliary method in investigations and as a way to experimentally induce kidney diseases in swine. The technique was effective to obtain sharp images as well as to determine the area of renal irrigation. Despite its easiness, trained professionals are required to perform it.

Valores da pressão arterial em cães pelos métodos oscilométrico e Doppler vascular / Arterial blood pressure in dogs by the oscilometric method and the Doppler ultrasonic

Foram comparados dois métodos não-invasivos de medida da pressão arterial, o Doppler vascular e o oscilométrico, com o objetivo de estabelecer parâmetros que possam auxiliar no diagnóstico seguro da hipertensão arterial. Para tal, foram utilizados 45 cães, machos e fêmeas, distribuídos em três grupos de acordo com o peso, pequeno, médio e grande porte. Em cada animal, procedeu-se a mensuração por meio do Doppler vascular e, em seguida, do oscilométrico. Na obtenção da pressão arterial sistólica, não houve diferença entre os métodos nos três grupos de animais, porém, na obtenção da pressão arterial diastólica, houve diferença estatística entre o Doppler vascular e o oscilométrico nos grupos de animais de pequeno e médio porte. Pôde-se concluir que valores confiáveis de pressão sistólica podem ser obtidos tanto por meio do Doppler vascular quanto do oscilométrico. Os valores da pressão arterial diastólica obtidos pelos dois métodos não se correlacionam, principalmente nos animais de pequeno e médio porte.

Two noninvasive methods for blood pressure measurement, the oscilometric and the Doppler ultrasonic, were compaired aiming the establishment of parameters that can be helpful for the hypertension diagnosis. Forty-five dogs, males and females, were distributed in three groups, according to body weight: small, medium, and large sizes. In each animal, measurement of the blood pressure was performed, first by the Doppler ultrasonic, followed by the oscilometric method. No differences were observed in sistolic arterial pressure values obtained by both methods in none of the three animal groups. However, there was an important difference in diastolic arterial pressure values obtained by these methods, especially in small and medium size dogs. It was concluded that reliable results of sistolic blood pressure can be obtained both by the Doppler ultrasonic and the oscilometric method. Diastolic blood pressure results, however, showed no correlation between these two methods, mainly in small and medium size dogs.

Alteraçoës quantitativas da psicoterapia ambulatorial breve / Quantitative changes of outpatient brief psychotherapy

Raras têm sido as tentativas de quantificaçäo das alteraçöes produzidas pela psicoterapia breve (PB). Na presente pesquisa, 31 pacientes ambulatoriais submeteram-se a essa terapia, conduzida por alunos de Psicologia, e foram acompanhados até seis meses após o tratamento. O teste de Hamilton, que serviu de medida das referidas alteraçöes, mostrou reduçöes, as vezes significativas, nos valores dos escores, corroborando a hipótese da utilidade da PB

Avances y perspectivas en cirugia cardiaca. / Advances and trends in heart surgery

Notables avances en cinco areas de la cirugia cardiaca han contribuido a ofrecer mejores resultados a corto u a largo plazo. Estas incluyen el uso de la hipotermia y las soluciones cardioplegicas para la proteccion transoperatoria del miocardio; la mejoria en el diseno u las cualidades hemodinamicas de las valvulas protesicas; los refinamientos en tecnicas electroquirurgicas para el tratamiento de las arritmias refractarias al tratamiento medico; el perfeccionamiento de aparatos de asistencia de la circulacion y el corazon artificial, y la mejoria significativa de los resultados en los transplantes cardiacos debido a la mejor comprension en la inmunosupresion y el control de las infecciones. En este breve articulo, se presenta informacion actual en estas cinco areas