Exodoncia de premolar inferior supernumerario con posterior colocación de Fibrina Rica en Plaquetas y Leucocitos (L-PRF)

Los dientes supernumerarios son una anomalía odontogénica, consiste en aumento del número dentario con respecto a la cantidad normal. La Fibrina rica en Plaquetas y Leucocitos (L-PRF) es una matriz rica en plaquetas y glóbulos blancos, que promueve la curación y regeneración de los tejidos. La exodoncia de un tercer premolar inferior supernumerario con posterior colocación de membrana de L-PRF. Paciente de sexo masculino de 27 años de edad con un probable premolar supernumerario por lingual. Se programó la cirugía incluyendo L-PRF. Se realizó extracción de sangre para preparar la membrana de L-PRF, anestesia, incisión lineal, despegamiento mucoperióstico, osteotomía, exodoncia, tratamiento del lecho quirúrgico colocando la membrana de L-PRF y sutura interdental. Se prescribió medicación antibiótica, antiinflamatoria y analgésica. La técnica con L-PRF es sencilla y económica. Los resultados postoperatorios fueron favorables, observándose una buena cicatrización, ausencia de dolor, edema o infección.

Supernumerary teeth are an odontogenic anomaly, involving an increase in the number of teeth compared to the normal amount. Platelet-Rich Fibrin (L-PRF) is a matrix rich in platelets and white blood cells that promotes tissue healing and regeneration. The Extraction of a supernumerary lower third premolar followed by placement of L-PRF membrane. A 27-year-old male patient with a probable lingual supernumerary premolar. Surgery was scheduled, including L-PRF. Blood was extracted to prepare the L-PRF membrane, followed by anesthesia, linear incision, mucoperiosteal detachment, osteotomy, extraction, treatment of the surgical site with L-PRF membrane placement, and interdental suturing. Antibiotic, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic medication was prescribed. The L-PRF technique is simple and cost-effective. Postoperative results were favorable, with good healing, absence of pain, swelling, or infection was observed.

Epidemiologia e ônus da depressão resistente ao tratamento no Brasil: análise do subgrupo brasileiro do estudo de observação multicêntrico TRAL / Epidemiology and burden of treatment-resistant depression in Brazil: analysis of the Brazilian subset of multicenter observational TRAL study

Objetivos: A epidemiologia da depressão resistente ao tratamento (DRT) varia mundialmente, mas é incerta na América Latina. Este artigo relata a epidemiologia e o ônus da DRT em pacientes com transtorno depressivo maior (TDM) no Brasil, no estudo observacional multinacional, multicêntrico, de DRT na América Latina (TRAL). Métodos: Trezentos e noventa e seis pacientes adultos com TDM (tratados ou não) no Brasil, com diagnóstico de TDM usando o Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition (DSM-5) e confirmado por MINI Entrevista Neuropsiquiátrica Internacional v7.0.2, foram incluídos em 10 centros. Os pacientes forneceram consentimento e concluíram as avaliações. Os critérios de exclusão incluíram pacientes com psicose, esquizofrenia, transtorno bipolar, transtorno esquizoafetivo, demência, transtorno de uso de substância ou participação atual em outro estudo. A MADRS foi usada para gravidade da doença. Escalas de depressão e instrumentos classificados pelos pacientes foram usados para medir os resultados. Resultados: A prevalência de DRT em pacientes com TDM na América Latina corresponde a 29,1% (IC 95% [26,8%; 31,4%]), embora no Brasil corresponda a 40,4% (IC 95%: 35,6%-45,2%), a mais alta no estudo TRAL. Os pacientes com DRT são mais velhos e apresentam maior proporção de divórcios e menor nível educacional, com pontuação mais alta na Escala de Classificação da Depressão de Montgomery-Asberg (MADRS), comparados a pacientes sem DRT. Os custos de saúde foram maiores em pacientes com DRT, com menor qualidade de vida e maiores custos de saúde e comprometimento laboral. Conclusões: Estes achados confirmam que a DRT apresenta alta prevalência no Brasil, consistentemente com estudos anteriores sobre transtornos depressivos. Globalmente, os pacientes com DRT apresentam maior ônus da doença, sugerindo a necessidade de melhorar os cuidados para pacientes com DRT no Brasil

Objectives: Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) epidemiology varies worldwide, but uncertain in Latin America (LatAm). This paper reports on the epidemiology and burden of TRD in major depressive disorder (MDD) patients in Brazil from the TRD in America Latina (TRAL) multicenter, multinational, observational study. Methods: 396 adult patients (treated or untreated) with MDD diagnosis in Brazil using Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition (DSM-5) and confirmed by MINI International Neuropsychiatric Interview v7.0.2 were consecutively enrolled from 10 clinical sites in Brazil. Patients provided consent and complete assessments. Exclusion criteria included patients with psychosis, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, schizoaffective disorder, dementia, with substance use disorder or currently participating in another clinical trial. Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) was used for disease severity. Depression scales and patient rated instruments were used to measure outcomes. Results: The prevalence of TRD in MDD patients in LatAm is 29.1% (95%CI [26.8%; 31.4%]), though the values for Brazil are 40.4% (95%CI: 35.6%-45.2%), the highest in the TRAL study. TRD patients are older, have higher proportion of divorce and lower education, with higher MADRS score compared to non-TRD patients. Healthcare costs were higher in TRD patients, with lower quality of life (QoL) and higher work impairment and healthcare costs. Conclusions: Present findings confirms that TRD is highly prevalent in Brazil, which is consistent with previous studies concerning depressive disorders. Globally, TRD patients experience higher burden of the disease. These findings suggest the need to improve care among TRD patients in Brazil

Trabajo infantil ambulante en las capitales latinoamericanas / Street child work in Latin American capitals

OBJETIVO: Conocer edad, sexo, desplazamiento, escolaridad, actividad desarrollada, jornada laboral, vivienda en calle y cobertura de seguridad social de un grupo de niños que laboran en las calles de las capitales latinoamericanas. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio de corte transversal. Se aplicó un cuestionario a 972 niños que trabajan en las calles de Bogotá, Ciudad de Guatemala, Ciudad de México, Quito y San Salvador; RESULTADOS: El 63.3 por ciento era de sexo masculino; 39 por ciento provenía de familias desplazadas; 18 por ciento habitaba en la calle; 62 por ciento trabajaba más de 40 horas a la semana; 19 por ciento tenía seguridad social, y 32 por ciento se dedicaba al comercio ambulante. Se encontró que la mayoría de las variables se comportan de forma significativamente diferente para cada ciudad. CONCLUSION: El trabajo infantil ambulante es una actividad peligrosa, de largas jornadas laborales, con exposición a múltiples factores de riesgo, y se comporta de manera significativamente diferente en cada ciudad estudiada. Esto sugiere que las soluciones al problema deben diseñarse caso por caso.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the age, sex, mobility, education, work activity, working hours, street dwelling, and social security coverage in a group of children working in the streets in capital cities in Latin America. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Cross sectional study. A questionnaire was applied to 972 children working in the streets of Bogotá, Guatemala City, Mexico City, Quito and San Salvador. RESULTS: A total of 63.3 percent subjects were boys; 39 percent were children from displaced families; 18 percent lived in the streets; 62 percent worked more than 40 hours per week; 19 percent were covered by the social security system, and 32 percent were street vendors. The behavior of variables differed significantly by city. CONCLUSION: Child labor in the streets is a dangerous activity characterized by long working hours and exposure to risk factors. Child work has different characteristics in each of the cities studied, which suggests that the solution to the problem must be designed on a case by case basis.