Résumé
ABSTRACT The limited knowledge of biodiversity constrains conservation strategies in a wide range of questions. Overcoming and recognizing these knowledge deficits require integrated efforts by current researchers and constitute crucial challenges for the next generations. Prof. Dr. Claudio Froehlich was a pioneer in implementing a research program integrating ecology and taxonomy, especially in aquatic insects, in Brazil. This special issue was conceptualized to honor his prolific scientific career and constitutes a tribute to the pioneering in Brazilian aquatic entomology. A brief biography of Prof. Dr. Claudio Froehlich was presented as well as 13 papers facing the biodiversity knowledge shortfalls from five insect orders (Diptera, Ephemeroptera, Neuroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera), with behavior reports (Eltonian shortfall), 23 new species described (Linnean shortfall), and distribution records for several taxa (Wallacean shortfall).
Résumé
ABSTRACT Insects are fundamental to biodiversity conservation in almost all ecosystems, and their population decline, and extinction directly result from environmental impacts. These facts are aggravated by the lack of knowledge of insect biodiversity, the so-called biodiversity deficits, especially the Linnean and Wallacean shortfalls. In freshwater ecosystems, biodiversity loss is higher among aquatic insects, and caddisflies comprise one of the most vulnerable orders. In this way, research focusing on describing new caddisfly species and understanding their distribution ranges will increase knowledge of caddisfly biodiversity. In the past 14 years, the team from the Laboratório de Entomologia Aquática "Prof. Dr. Claudio Gilberto Froehlich" (LEAq, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Brazil) and collaborators have been addressing these issues, resulting in 55 described species of caddisflies. Taxa in other insect orders have also received attention and an additional 16 species have been described (eight mayflies, four stoneflies, four neuropteran spongillaflies, and antlions). Here, eight caddisfly species are described and illustrated (Atopsyche froehlichi sp. nov., Austrotinodes zeferina sp. nov., Cernotina kariri sp. nov., Neoathripsodes froehlichi sp. nov., Notalina claudiofroehlichi sp. nov., Oecetis marcus sp. nov., Phylloicus froehlichi sp. nov., and Polycentropus claudioi sp. nov.), five of them in honor of LEAq's patron. In addition, new distributional data are presented for 10 known species. A checklist of the caddisfly fauna of Bahia state is also presented, with 138 species, around 75% and 30% of them recorded and described by the LEAq team, respectively. Currently, for caddisflies, Bahia is the fifth most species-rich state in Brazil, and the first in the Brazilian Northeast region.
Résumé
Os Trichoptera compreendem a maior ordem de insetos estritamente aquáticos e constituem a maior proporção da comunidade dos macroinvertebrados bentônicos. Há 13.000 espécies descritas no mundo, cerca de 2.500 espécies na Região Neotropical e 479 ocorrentes no Brasil. A fauna brasileira de Trichoptera inclui membros de 16 famílias (Anomalopsychidae, Atriplectididae, Calamoceratidae, Ecnomidae, Glossosomatidae, Helicopsychidae, Hydrobiosidae, Hydropsychidae, Hydroptilidae, Leptoceridae, Limnephilidae, Odontoceridae, Philopotamidae, Polycentropodidae, Sericostomatidae e Xiphocentronidae). No Estado de São Paulo, há 126 espécies catalogadas em 15 famílias, sem registros apenas para Limnephilidae.
Trichoptera are the major order among the aquatic insects and constitute a large proportion of benthic macroinvertebrate community. There are about 13,000 described species of caddisflies in the world, 2,500 in Neotropics and 479 species records to Brazil. The Brazilian caddisflies fauna included members of 16 families (Anomalopsychidae, Atriplectididae, Calamoceratidae, Ecnomidae, Glossosomatidae, Helicopsychidae, Hydrobiosidae, Hydropsychidae, Hydroptilidae, Leptoceridae, Limnephilidae, Odontoceridae, Philopotamidae, Polycentropodidae, Sericostomatidae and Xiphocentronidae). In São Paulo State, there are 126 registered species in 15 families, without records only to Limnephilidae.
Résumé
The endemic Neotropical long-horned caddisfly subgenus Notalina (Neonotalina) Holzenthal contains nine described species in two species groups, the brasiliana and roraima groups, from the Brazilian Southeastern and Amazonian regions, respectively. In this paper, a new species of Notalina in the brasiliana species group, from Chapada dos Veadeiros National Park, Goiás state, Brazil, is described and illustrated. The new species is easily recognized by the following character set: presence of two pairs of processes on abdominal segment X; presence of well-developed basoventral protuberances, mesally directed in ventral view; presence of triangle-shaped, acuminated mesoventral process on the inferior appendages; and phallic apparatus with flanges slightly curved in dorsal view, not laterally directed.
O subgênero neotropical Notalina (Neonotalina) Holzenthal contém nove espécies descritas em dois grupos de espécies, brasiliana e roraima, provenientes do Sudeste brasileiro e da região Amazônica, respectivamente. Neste artigo, uma nova espécie de Notalina é descrita e ilustrada a partir de espécimes colecionados no Parque Nacional da Chapada dos Veadeiros, Goiás, Brasil. A nova espécie é facilmente diagnosticada pelo seguinte conjunto de caracteres: presença de dois pares de processos no segmento abdominal X; presença de protuberâncias basoventrais bem desenvolvidas, mesalmente direcionadas em vista ventral; presença de processo mesoventral acuminado, com formato triangular no apêndice inferior, e aparato fálico com extensões laterais levemente curvadas em vista dorsal, não direcionadas lateralmente.