Résumé
Abstract Objectives: to evaluate the effectiveness of food and nutritional education on children up to the age of two. Methods: the systematic review was carried out in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses. The research was carried out in 2022 in the Virtual Health Library/Lilacs, Pubmed/Medline and Science Direct databases. The articles were selected independently using the Microsoft Excel® program. Articles that evaluated food and nutritional education applied on children up to the age of two were included. The risk of bias was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute tool. Results: the research resulted in 1,523 studies and nine were included in the review. The articles presented a low risk of bias and good methodological quality. Food and nutritional education strategies were developed especially with the children's parents. Workshops, lectures, and teaching materials were developed. In most of the studies, the activities developed helped to improve children's health and eating patterns. Conclusion: food and nutritional education activities have therefore been effective in building healthy eating habits at childhood. Prospero registration: CRD42022325608.
Resumo Objetivos: avaliar a eficácia das ações de educação alimentar e nutricional (EAN) utilizadas para crianças de até dois anos de idade. Métodos: a revisão sistemática foi conduzida de acordo com o Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA). A pesquisa foi realizada em 2022 nas bases de dados Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde/Lilacs, Pubmed/Medline e Science Direct. A seleção dos artigos foi realizada independentemente no programa Microsoft Excel®, sendo incluídos os artigos que avaliaram a EAN aplicada a crianças de até dois anos de idade. O risco de viés foi avaliado pela ferramenta do The Joanna Briggs Institute. Resultados: a pesquisa resultou em 1.523 estudos e nove foram incluídos na revisão. Os artigos apresentaram baixo risco de viés e boa qualidade metodológica. As estratégias de EAN foram desenvolvidas especialmente com os pais das crianças. Foram realizadas palestras, oficinas e elaborados materiais didáticos. Na maioria dos estudos, as atividades desenvolvidas ajudaram a melhorar a saúde e o padrão alimentar das crianças. Conclusão: portanto, as atividades de EAN foram eficazes para a construção de hábitos alimentares saudáveis na infância. Registro do Prospero: CRD42022325608.
Résumé
Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é avaliar as potencialidades dos indicadores do estado nutricional de iodo em indivíduos ou populações. A revisão foi baseada no PRISMA. A busca pelos artigos ocorreu em janeiro de 2019, nas bases Pubmed, Scopus e LILACS, utilizando a combinação "indicadores AND estado nutricional AND iodo". A seleção seguiu as etapas de exclusão dos duplicados, leitura de títulos e resumos e análise na íntegra. A qualidade metodológica dos estudos foi avaliada pelo instrumento de Downs e Black. Foram identificados 178 estudos e 20 foram incluídos. A Concentração Urinária de Iodo (CUI) foi analisada em 65% dos estudos e foi considerado o melhor indicador para avaliar o estado nutricional de iodo populacional. A tiroglobulina foi determinada em 20% dos estudos e refletiu o estado de iodo pregresso. O hormônio estimulante da tireoide foi verificado em 45% dos artigos e mostrou-se sensível para a vigilância de deficiência de iodo em recém-nascidos. Apenas um estudo avaliou o iodo no cabelo, útil para analisar a ingestão dietética em longo prazo. Na avaliação da qualidade metodológica, a menor pontuação foi 12, e a maior 16, em 17 pontos possíveis. Para diagnóstico de deficiência e excesso de iodo na população, recomenda-se a CUI.
Abstract The scope of this article is to evaluate the potentialities of indicators of the nutritional status of iodine in individuals or populations. The review was based on PRISMA. The search for articles occurred in January 2019, in the Pubmed, Scopus and LILACS databases, using the key words: indicators AND nutritional status AND iodine. The selection followed the stages of excluding the duplicates, reading the titles, abstracts and analyses in full. The methodological quality of the studies was evaluated by the Downs and Black instrument. A total of 178 studies were identified and 20 were included. Urinary Iodine Concentration (UIC) was analyzed in 65% of the studies and was considered the best indicator to evaluate the nutritional status of iodine in the population. Thyroglobulin was determined in 20% of the studies and reflected the pre-existing state of iodine. Thyroid stimulating hormone was verified in 45% of the articles and was important for the surveillance of iodine deficiency among newborns. Only one study evaluated capillary iodine, useful for analyzing long-term dietary intake. In the evaluation of methodological quality, the lowest score was 12 and the highest 16, in 17 possible points. The use of UIC is recommended for the diagnosis of deficiency and excess of iodine in the population.
Sujets)
Humains , Nouveau-né , Malnutrition , Iode , Thyroglobuline , État nutritionnel , Consommation alimentaireRésumé
Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é identificar os fatores sociodemográficos e alimentares associados ao estado nutricional de iodo do grupo materno-infantil. A revisão foi baseada no método PRISMA. As bases consultadas foram: Medline (PubMed), Scopus e Lilacs. A busca ocorreu em dezembro de 2018, utilizando os descritores estado nutricional, iodo, lactente, gestante e lactante. A seleção seguiu as etapas de exclusão dos duplicados, leitura dos títulos, resumos e análise na íntegra. Foram identificados 1.500 estudos e 26 contemplaram os critérios de inclusão. A qualidade metodológica dos estudos foi avaliada pelo questionário proposto por Downs e Black. Houve associação entre os fatores sociodemográficos renda, escolaridade, idade materna e gestacional, paridade e local de residência rural ou urbano com o estado nutricional de iodo. Já em relação aos fatores alimentares, o consumo de suplementos, sal iodado e alimentos fontes de iodo, em especial os produtos lácteos, exercem papel protetor contra a deficiência. É preciso criar estratégias mais específicas, efetivas e que contemplem todos esses fatores que afetam o estado nutricional de iodo para evitar as desordens provocadas pela deficiência.
Abstract This article sets out to identify the socio-demographic and nutritional factors associated with the nutritional status of iodine in the maternal-infant group. The review was based on the Prisma method and the Medline (PubMed), Scopus and Lilacs databases were consulted. The search was conducted in December 2018, using the key words nutritional status, iodine, infant, pregnant and lactating. The selection followed the stages of excluding duplicated articles, reading the titles, abstracts and texts in full. A total of 1,500 studies were identified and 26 met the inclusion criteria. The methodological quality of the studies was evaluated using the questionnaire proposed by Downs and Black. There was an association between the sociodemographic factors of income, education, maternal and gestational age, uniformity and place of residence in rural or urban areas with the nutritional state of iodine. In relation to dietary factors, the consumption of supplements, iodized salt and dietary sources of iodine, especially dairy products, play a protective role to avoid the deficiency. It is necessary to create more specific and effective strategies that address all the factors that affect the nutritional state of iodine to avoid the disorders resulting from the deficiency.
Sujets)
Humains , Femelle , Grossesse , Nourrisson , État nutritionnel , Iode , Lactation , Chlorure de sodium alimentaire , Compléments alimentaires , Régime alimentaireRésumé
ABSTRACT As pregnant women are susceptible to changes in iodine, which can cause miscarriage, goiter, thyroid nodules, hypothyroidism, in addition to fetal neurological impairment or development. The aim of this study was to verify the implications of the iodine alteration in each gestational trimester and its consequences of physiological justification. The review was based on PRISMA. Searching for articles that took place in March 2020 without delimiting data. As bases consulted were the Clinical Trials, Cochrane Library, Lilacs and Medline (PubMed). The descriptors were combined as follows: "pregnancy" AND "iodine deficiency". Articles that addressed iodine deficiency and its implications were included. The selection followed the steps of reading the titles, abstracts and full articles. To assess the methodological quality of the studies, the STROBE Instruction instrument was used. The research resulted in 1,266 studies and 11 were included. In assessing methodological quality, the lowest score was and the maximum 20. According to studies, the fourth most affected by iodine loss are the second and third, it is possible to increase the volume and pneumatic nodules, subclinical hypothyroidism, pre-eclampsia, among others. The damages caused by iodine deficiency in the first or second trimester are still reversible, therefore, they need to be diagnosed early, to guarantee an iodic homeostasis and prevent damage to the health of the mother-child binomial.