Resultados del trasplante renal en portadores de ríñones poliquísticos / Outcome of renal transplantation in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease

Background: Patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) have a better survival in chronic dialysis than patients with other etiologies of renal failure. It has been suggested that extra-renal manifestations of ADPKD may increase the odds of complications and mortality, if these patients are transplanted. Aim: To determine whether survival and complications in transplanted patients with ADPKD are different from kidney graft recipients with other etiologies of renal failure. Subjects and Methods: Four hundred six patients with kidney transplantation were followed in three hospitals between 1976 and 2011 and 19 were carriers of ADPKD. The latter were matched by type of donor, gender, age and date of kidney transplant, with 38 graft recipients with other etiologies of renal failure. Results: Graft and patient 1, 5, 10 and 15 years survival were similar in both groups. Hospitalizations due to viral infections and sepsis were more common in patients with ADPKD. There were no differences in the rate of acute rejection, delayed graft function, cancer, gastrointestinal disorders and hospitalizations due to cardiovascular diseases. The frequency of graft loss due to death with a functioning kidney was similar between both groups. Conclusions: Patient and graft survival in transplanted patients with ADPKD were similar to patients with other etiologies of renal failure. The rate and type of complications were similar between groups with the exception of hospitalizations due to sepsis and viral infections, which were more common in ADPKD patients.

La hiponatremia al momento de ingreso como factor de riesgo de mortalidad hospitalaria / Hyponatremia on admission to the emergency room as a risk factor for hospital mortality

Background: Patients who develop hyponatremia during their hospitalization have higher hospital mortality. Aim: To determine if the presence of hyponatremia on admission to the emergency room is a risk factor for hospital mortality. Patients and Methods: Two hundred forty five patients consecutively admitted to the emergency room and then transferred to the Medicine Department, where they finally died, were matched for age and gender with 245 control subjects admitted to the emergency room and hospitalized in the Medicine Department at the same time, but survived. The dependent variable was death, and the exposure variable was hyponatremia. Admission diagnosis and Charlson comorbidity index was considered as confounding variables. Results: Hyponatremia at admission occurred in 30 and 17 percent of patients who died and survived, respectively, rendering an adjusted odds ratio for death of 2.13 (95 percent confidence intervals = 1.27-3.57). Charlson Comorbidity Index according to age score was higher in subjects with hyponatremia compared to those without hyponatremia (8.1 ± 3.1 and 7.2 ± 2.8; p = 0.01). Multivariate analysis showed that age, gender, length of stay, cause of hospitalization and chronic diseases did not significantly modify the effect of hyponatremia on hospital mortality. Conclusions: Hyponatremia on admission at emergency room had a significant association with hospital mortality. Subjects with hyponatremia had a higher Charlson Comorbidity Index score.

Hiponatremia sintomática como forma de presentación clínica de un macroadenoma hipofisiario: Comunicación de tres casos / Hyponatremia associated to pituitary adenomas: Report of three patients

Severe hyponatremia occurring as the presenting feature of hypopituitarism secondary to pituitary adenomas is rare. We report three patients with this condition: Two elderly males (74 and 78 year-old) presenting with impaired consciousness and low plasma sodium after an episode of diarrhea and a 56-year-old male presenting with impaired consciousness after an episode of vomiting. All had clinical features of hypopituitarism and pituitary adenomas were found on imaging studies. Two were subjected to a trans sphenoidal resection of the adenoma.