Spectrum of gynecological disorders in elderly women

Introduction: Postmenopausal phase is important that primary care clinicians be aware of common gynecologic concerns and the potential impact of these on the function and quality of life of older women. Aim: This study was done to know dimensions of various gynecological disorders in women above 60 years and to emphasize on increasing the different screening programmes for early detection and management of cancers and also to show the necessity of establishing geriatric units for women to give better quality of life to elderly women. Materials and methods: A Prospective study done for 1 year. Out of 7156 patients, 273 women who were above 60 years were included in study. Both in patient, out patients and patients who referred to cancer hospitals and other hospitals were studied. Results: Among 7156 women attending our OPD in one year, 273 (3.81%) were above 60 years, including surgical (7%) and natural (93%) menopause. Pelvic organ prolapsed (43.2%) was the most common gynecological disorder in the study. Total out of 82 patients of post menopausal bleeding 48 (59%) (17.5% out of 273) were benign and Malignancy among the study group was 34 (41%) (12.4%, Out of 273). The commonest cancer was cancer cervix in about 22% among postmenopausal bleeding. Ovarian cancer is 13%. Pelvic organ prolapse was most common gynecological disorder in elderly women after 60 years was pelvic organ prolapse seen in 43%. Out of 63 Urogenital infections 24 (38.09%) were with Urinary tract infections. Conclusions: The responsibility of the gynecologist as the primary physician for geriatric patients increases, to detect the cancer earlier and manage it to decrease morbidity and mortality. There should B Aruna Kumari, Aruna Ramaiah, A.Suman Chandra. Spectrum of gynecological disorders in elderly women. IAIM, 2016; 3(11): 112-117. Page 113 be increased screening programmes for cancer making this available for all the women at all stages and at all levels.

Magnetic resonance imaging in focal liver lesions: Imaging with pathological correlation

Background: Magnetic resonance signal intensity of focal liver lesions is affected by numerous pathologic factors. Lesion histologic features, such as cellularity, vascularity, stromal component, and intratumoral necrosis or hemorrhage, strongly affect T1 and T2 relaxation times. Aim: Our study is done to assess the lesion characterization potential of MRI by evaluating unenhanced and dynamic gadolinium enhanced sequences. Materials and methods: A total of 50 consecutive patients who were diagnosed by sonography as having focal liver lesions for period of 2 years were included in the study. Results: Most of the patients are of 30 - 60 years. The mean age for malignant lesions is 51 years. Of 50 patients 32 are males and 18 are males. Male: female ratio 2:1. 65% of the lesions are located in right lobe of the liver. The most common benign lesion encountered was liver abscess followed by haemangiomas and most common malignant lesion was metastases. Abscess and hemangiomas were predominant in benign whereas metastases and hepatocellular carcinomas were predominant in malignant lesions. The difference in mean ADC values in both the groups was significant. Conclusions: MR imaging is a powerful tool for the evaluation of focal liver lesions. Pre contrast T1 weighted gradient echo images, T2 weighted images, inphase and out phase imaging, EPI - DWI and gadolinium enhanced T1 weighted images provide accurate characterization of the lesions.