Résumé
BACKGROUND: Because of the rarity of mummies in Korea and the difficulty in obtaining samples from mummies, studies to determine the ages of mummies are uncommon in Korea. This study was performed to determine the ages of mummies using the information obtained by nondestructive methods to minimize damages to the mummies. METHODS: Three mummies excavated between 2002 and 2004 were used. Three-dimensional reconstructed images of the total teeth were obtained by CT scanning. The age at death was determined according to the 'Age Estimation Table of Dental Attrition' as developed by Takei. Three teeth were extracted from each of three mummies and examined grossly and microscopically by serial sections using the Gustafson-Johanson method. RESULTS: The ages at death of the three mummies estimated by the Takei method were 23.57 years (Yoon mummy), 51.01 years (Bong mummy), and 64.45 years (Black mummy). These results were similar to the ages determined by the Gustafson method. CONCLUSION: Age determination method using a CT scan and three-dimensional reconstruction may be a valuable method because it minimizes the damages to valuable mummies and it gives reliable data similar to that obtained by other standard methods.
Résumé
This study intends to evaluate usefulness of ABO gene in forensic identification. The genotype and allele frequency of ABO gene was investigated and the power of identification information of ABO gene was calculated. 100 unrelated Korean individuals were selected. DNA was extracted from sample and PCR and sequencing were performed to analyze sequence of exon 6 and exon 7 in ABO gene, the following results were obtained: 1. The polymorphic nucleotide positions of ABO gene are 216, 297 in exon 6 (2 positions) and 467, 526, 579, 646, 657, 681, 703, 771, 796, 803, 829, 930 in exon 7 (12 positions) in Korean. 2. Amomg Korean population, 18 ABO genotypes and 7 alleles were observed. O01 is most frequent (27.6%) and then A102 (22.0%), B101 (22.0%), O02 (21.0%). 3. In A type allele, the frequencies of A101 and A102 are 21.4%, 78.6% respectively. And in B type, B101 is 97.7%, the most part of them. In O type, O01 is 56.0%, O02 is 42.0% and O04 is 2.0%. 4. The observed heterozygosity and the expected heterozygosity is 0.670, 0.784 each. The polymorphism information content (PIC) is 0.744. The power of discrimination (PD) and the mean exclusion chance (MEC) are calculated to be 0.924 and 0.576. Based on the results of this study, the determination of ABO genotype by sequencing may be useful in forensic identification including finding an individual in relation to criminal case, paternity test, and confirming possible relationships between family members.
Sujets)
Humains , Allèles , Criminels , , ADN , Exons , Fréquence d'allèle , Génotype , Paternité , Réaction de polymérisation en chaîne , Analyse de séquenceRésumé
Theoretically, if the odontoblastic layer on the pulpal surface of the dentin is removed, it is impossible to find nucleus after the teeth has undergone endodontic therapy. So dentin does not contain genomic DNA. But it is in existence the possibility that blood permeates into the dentin by endodontic therapy and trauma. Therefore DNA in blood can be detected from the dentin layer. The purpose of this investigation is to evaluate the possibility of individual identification after detection of DNA in the dentin of endodontic created teeth. The authors isolated the human DNA from 40 endodontic treated teeth, performed AmpFLPs by PCR and electrophoresed for detection of STR loci F13A01, LPL gene and X-Y homologous amelogenin gene. The following results were obtained: 1) DNA extraction was possible in 19 endodontic treated teeth out of 40. 2) Sex determination was possible in 12 endodontic treated teeth out of 40 by detection of X-Y homologous amelogenin gene 3) F13A01 locus was detected in 6 endodontic treated teeth out of 40, observed 4 alleles(3.2, 4, 5, 6) and 5 genotypes(3.2-3.2, 3.2-4, 3.2-5, 4-5, 6-6). 4) LPL locus was detected in 7 endodontic treated teeth out of 40, observed 3 alleles(10, 11, 12) and 3 genotypes(10-10, 10-12, 11-12). From the above results DNA extraction, sex determination, amplification of STR locus F13A01, and LPL gene were possible in the endodontic treated teeth and it was suggested that endodontic treated teeth were useful and applicatable as molecular biological samples for individual identification.