Résumé
Pepole pay more attention to the medicinal value and health function of Monascus day by day,however,the existence of citrinin restricted the further development of Monascus products heavily. How to ruduce the content of citrinin is a problem need to be solved urgently.Briefly introduced the toxicity,the biosynthetic pathway,and the relative standards of citrinin in monascus. According to the research progress on citrinin,the strategies of citrinin control were described from the three aspects of fermentation technology,mutation breeding,and genetic engineering. The expectation about the direction of citrinin in the future was also discussed.
Résumé
To summarize the present situation of research on amylolytic lactic acid bacteria and its amylase,and the fermentation technology of amylolytic lactic acid bacteria.The amylolytic lactic acid bacteria have the ability of secreting amylase,can direct ferment starchy material into lactic acid without hydrolysising processes,simplify the production process,and saving the equipment investment,thereby,decrease the cost of production.Amylolytic lactic acid bacteria isolated from traditional fermented food,or from organic waste and kitchen waste.The mechanism of direct utilize starch raw materials by the amylolytic lactic acid bacteria were introduced,the fermentation technology of amylolytic lactic acid bacteria were compared.Meanwhile it was pointed out that through mutation breeding and genetic engineering methods gain the potent amylolytic lactic acid bacteria,and use the advanced fermentation and separation technology can improve the productivity of lactic acid.
Résumé
The identification and classification of Thermus to Thermales is revie wed. Up to now, the order Thermales is consist of only one family Thermaceae, w h ich includes 4 genera with 14 valid species about 50 strains, and with 4 unvalid spcecies and more than 50 strains unidentified. The morphology, physiology, G+ C mol%, DND hybridization, fatty acid components, 16S rRNA alignment and secondar y structure analyses have been tools for the taxonomy of Thermales.