Population-attributable risk estimates for breast cancer in Chinese females / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To estimate the contribution of known identified risk factors to breast cancer incidence and mortality in China, and provide evidence to support the prevention and control of breast cancer for Chinese females.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We calculated the proportion of breast cancer attributable to specific risk factors. Data on exposure prevalence were obtained from Meta-analyses and large-scale national surveys of representative samples of the Chinese population. Data on relative risks were obtained from Meta-analyses and large-scale prospective studies. Cancer mortality and incidence were taken from the Third National Death Survey and from cancer registries in China.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The first 5 risk factors of breast cancer in China were benign breast disease (RR = 2.62), family history of breast cancer (RR = 2.39), smoking (RR = 1.86), overweight (RR = 1.60) and age at menarche (RR = 1.54). The proportion of breast cancer deaths attributable to reproductive factors, lifestyle factors, benign breast disease, the use of external hormone and family history of breast cancer was 27.84%, 23.55%, 15.09%, 3.60% and 2.49%, respectively. The total population attributable fraction (PAF) was 55.95% for risk factors in our study. Overall, we estimated that 79 862 breast cancer cases and 22 456 deaths were attributed to the five risk factors in China in 2005.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The prevention and control of unhealthy lifestyle factors may significantly reduce the number and death of breast cancer in China.</p>

Study on the development of a choropleth atlas on cancer mortality using the inverse distance weight interpolation in the 1990's / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To draw a chorochromatic atlas of mortality on China Cancer Database in order to display the geographical distribution of selected diseases in China and to identify its demographic and disease-specific patterns in the 1990's.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The source of data was from nationwide cause-of-death surveys conducted in the 1990's. Standardized rates were computed by direct method using the population age distribution in 1964 as the standard of weights. Inverse distance weight (IDW) was applied as the method of interpolation with the help of Arcview system to draw a choropleth map of cancer mortality.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The IDW maps of cancer mortality shows a continuous and smooth variation, especially compared with maps drawn by filling method.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>With the application of inverse distance weight interpolation, it seemed feasible to draw continuous map of cancer on sampling data.</p>