Comparative analysis between diatom nitric acid digestion method and plankton 16S rDNA PCR method / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To compare and explore the application value of diatom nitric acid digestion method and plankton 16S rDNA PCR method for drowning identification.@*METHODS@#Forty drowning cases from 2010 to 2011 were collected from Department of Forensic Medicine of Wenzhou Medical University. Samples including lung, kidney, liver and field water from each case were tested with diatom nitric acid digestion method and plankton 16S rDNA PCR method, respectively. The Diatom nitric acid digestion method and plankton 16S rDNA PCR method required 20 g and 2 g of each organ, and 15 mL and 1.5 mL of field water, respectively. The inspection time and detection rate were compared between the two methods.@*RESULTS@#Diatom nitric acid digestion method mainly detected two species of diatoms, Centriae and Pennatae, while plankton 16S rDNA PCR method amplified a length of 162 bp band. The average inspection time of each case of the Diatom nitric acid digestion method was (95.30 +/- 2.78) min less than (325.33 +/- 14.18) min of plankton 16S rDNA PCR method (P < 0.05). The detection rates of two methods for field water and lung were both 100%. For liver and kidney, the detection rate of plankton 16S rDNA PCR method was both 80%, higher than 40% and 30% of diatom nitric acid digestion method (P < 0.05), respectively.@*CONCLUSION@#The laboratory testing method needs to be appropriately selected according to the specific circumstances in the forensic appraisal of drowning. Compared with diatom nitric acid digestion method, plankton 16S rDNA PCR method has practice values with such advantages as less quantity of samples, huge information and high specificity.

Genotypes distribution of hepatitis C virus through multi-center, large sample studies among chronic hepatitis C patients in Chinese Han population / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To understand the distribution of hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes in China.Methods A national multi-center,large sample epidemiological survey was carried out and certified by an international third-party testing organization.Internationally accepted method for sequencing analysis of viral genotype was used.Results Patients were those suffered from the 4 major genotypes of chronic hepatitis C,including nine subtypes,which were dominated by genotype 1 (69.6％),with type lb in particular (accounting for 68.38％ ).Among the rare gene-6,we saw more subtypes of 6a.In the south,central,and north areas,there was no significant difference seen between the south and the north areas in the distribution of the genotype 1.However,the rate of gene type 2a increased gradually from south to north.In terms of less common type of gene 3b and gene-6,they were seen mainly in the southern provinces.Conclusion In China,Patients with chronic hepatitis C had 4 HCV genotypes,with 9 subtypes.The rarely seen genotypes 3b and 6 were mainly distributed in the southern provinces.

Correlationship between chemokines and oxidative stress in chronic hepatitis B / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The aim of this study is to investigate the possible associations of chemokines IP-10, Rantes and oxidative stress in chronic hepatits B (CHB).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>70 CHB patients and 10 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the serum levels of IFN-gamma-inducible protein-10 (IP-10) and regulated on activation normal T-cell-expressed and secreted (Rantes) and oxidative stress parameters (glutathione, GSH; glutathione disulfide, GSSG). Correlationship were analyzed by Spearman's rank correlation.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The levels of IP-10 and Rantes were higher in CHB patients than healthy controls, and strong positive associations were found between IP-10/Rantes and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). The levels of GSH and GSH/GSSG were lower in CHB patients than healthy controls, and GSH and GSH/GSSG were negatively correlated with ALT. The levels of IP-10 and Rantes were negatively correlated with GSH and GSH/GSSG respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Strong associations were found between chemokines and oxidative stress which participated in the pathogenesis of CHB.</p>