Effect of electroacupuncture and pretreatment of electroacupuncture on pain sensitization and expression of P2X7R in spinal dorsal horn in rats with diabetic neuropathic pain / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the occurrence time of neuralgia and the expression of purinergic ligand-gated ion channel 7 receptor (P2X7R) in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord after intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) in diabetic rats, and to explore the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) and pretreatment of EA on the heat pain threshold and expression of P2X7R in the spinal dorsal horn in rats with diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP), and to explore the possible mechanism of EA for DNP.@*METHODS@#PartⅠ: Thirty male SD rats were randomly selected from 64 male SD rats as the control group; the remaining rats were given intraperitoneal injection of STZ (10 mg/mL) at a dose of 65 mg/kg to establish the diabetes model, and 30 rats were successfully modeled as the model group. The control group and the model group were divided into three subgroups respectively at 7, 14 and 21 days, with 10 rats in each subgroup. Body mass, fasting blood glucose (FBG) and thermal pain threshold were recorded at 7, 14 and 21 days after injection; the expression of P2X7R in spinal dorsal horn was detected by Western blot. PartⅡ: Eight SD rats were randomly selected from 35 male SD rats as the blank group, and the remaining 27 rats were given intraperitoneal injection of STZ (10 mg/mL) at a dose of 65 mg/kg to establish the diabetes model. The 24 rats with successful diabetes model were randomly divided into a DNP group, an EA group and a pre-EA group, 8 rats in each group. Fifteen to 21 days after STZ injection, the EA group received EA at "Zusanli" (ST 36) and "Kunlun" (BL 60), continuous wave, frequency of 2 Hz, 30 min each time, once a day; the intervention method in the pre-EA group was the same as that in the EA group. The intervention time was 8 to 14 days after STZ injection. The body mass, FBG and thermal pain threshold were recorded before STZ injection and 7, 14 and 21 days after STZ injection; the expression of P2X7R in spinal dorsal horn was detected by Western blot 21 days after injection.@*RESULTS@#PartⅠ: Compared with the control group, in the model group, the body mass was decreased and FBG was increased 7, 14 and 21 days after STZ injection (P<0.01), and the thermal pain threshold was decreased 14 and 21 days after STZ injection (P<0.05), and the expression of P2X7R in spinal dorsal horn was increased 7, 14 and 21 days after STZ injection (P<0.05, P<0.01). PartⅡ: Compared with the blank group, in the DNP group, the body mass was decreased and fasting blood glucose were increased 7, 14 and 21 days after STZ injection (P<0.01). Compared with the DNP group, in the pre-EA group, the heat pain threshold was increased 14 and 21 days after STZ injection (P<0.05), while in the EA group, the heat pain threshold was increased 21 days after STZ injection (P<0.01), and the expression of P2X7R in the dorsal horn in the EA group and the pre-EA group was decreased (P<0.01).@*CONCLUSION@#The diabetic neuropathic pain is observed 14 days after STZ injection. EA could not only treat but also prevent the occurrence of DNP, and its mechanism may be related to down-regulation of P2X7R expression in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord.

Study progressing on the effect of bone structural abnormalities on the distal radioulnar joint stability / 中国骨伤

The distal radioulnar joint is not only the main load-bearing joint in the wrist, but also the pivot of the rotation of the forearm. It is one of the most important and unique joints in the body. Maintaining the stability of the distal radioulnar joint is very important for our daily life. The tissue to stabilize the distal radioulnar joint includes bone structures and soft tissue structures. Although the contribution of soft tissue structures to its stability is far exceeding that of bone structures, the influence of abnormal bone structure on the distal radioulnar joint cannot be ignored. By reviewing the relevant literatures, this article divides the bone structural abnormalities into congenital and acquired bone structural abnormalities. The effects of congenital and acquiredbone structural abnormalities on the distal radioulnar joint stability are analysized and collated in this article, and its clinical symptoms, clinical grading, clinical treatments are also summerized. The problems of distal radioulnar joint instability in clinical practicing and its future researching directions are briefly described in order to provide some suggestions for future clinical applications.

Effect of emodin on gut microbiota of rats with acute kidney failure / 中国中药杂志

The aim of this paper was to investigate the effect of emodin on gut microbiota in acute kidney injury rats( AKI). Rats were randomly divided into several groups: normal group,model group,low-dose of emodin group( 10 mg·kg~(-1)),medium-dose of emodin group( 25 mg·kg~(-1)),high-dose of emodin group( 50 mg·kg~(-1)) and control group( 5 mg·kg~(-1) of benazepril hydrochloride).The AKI model rats were established by intraperitoneal injection of small dose of gentamicin sulfate for 7 days. Two hours after intraperitoneal injection,except for the normal group and the model group,the other groups were given corresponding doses of drugs for 15 days. The serum levels of serum creatinine( SCr),urea nitrogen( BUN),plasma endotoxin level,24 h urinary protein and D-lactate in the plasma were determined by sarcosine oxidase,urease method,tal reagent method,bromo cresol chloroform method and double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay,respectively. Gut microbial communities were assayed by fluorescent quantitative PCR methods. HE staining was used to detect the pathological changes of the kidneys. Compared with the normal group,there were significant differences in body weight,urinary protein( UTP),bacterial endotoxin,urea nitrogen,creatinine,D-lactate in the plasma and four bacterial contents in the model group( P<0. 05). The urinary protein,urea nitrogen,D-lactate,creatinine and plasma bacterial endotoxin in control group and each emodin group were lower than those in model group,especially for high-dose of emodin( P<0. 01). Moreover,pathology resolution in high-dose emodin was better than other groups. Except for low-dose of emodin group,qRT-PCR data suggested that the amounts of Escherichia coli and Enterococcus in medication administration group were increased,while the amounts of Lactobacilli and Bifidobacterium were reduced compared with model group( P<0. 05),especially for high-dose of emodin( P<0. 01). There is a clear imbalance of gut microbiota in rats with AKI. Emodin could regulate the imbalance of gut microbiota,which might be one of the mechanisms of its effects on AKI rats.

Repair effect of bFGF combined with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on spinal cord injury in rats / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the repair effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) combined with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on spinal cord injury in rats and explore its mechanism.@*METHODS@#SD rat BMSCs were obtained by serum culture technique. Eighty healthy 6-week-old male SD rats(weight about 240 g) were randomly divided into 4 groups with 20 each. The sham operation group underwent simple laminectomy without damaging spinal cord and was kept in the same condition as the other 3 groups. The other 3 groups underwent left T9 spinal cord hemisection to establish spinal cord injury model. After 9 days of modeling the local transplantation was performed. The Control group was implanted with gelatin sponge containing normal saline. The BMSCs transplantation group was implanted with gelatin sponge containing BMSCs. The bFGF+BMSCs transplantation group was implanted with gelatin sponge containing bFGF+BMSCs. After 4 and 8 weeks, the expression of NF-200 and GFAP in injured spinal cord tissue was analyzed by Western blotting and the recovery of hind limb function was evaluated by Basso Beattie Bresnahan(BBB) motor function score scale.@*RESULTS@#The BBB scores of BMSCs transplantation group and bFGF+BMSCs transplantation group were better than control group at 4 and 8 weeks after operation (<0.05) and there was significant difference between bFGF+BMSCs transplantation group and BMSCs transplantation group (<0.05). After 4 and 8 weeks postoperatively, NF-200 expression was minimal in control group and only a small amount was expressed in BMSCs transplantation group while in bFGF+BMSCs transplantation group NF-200 was highly expressed(<0.05). GFAP expression was high in control group, middle in BMSCs transplantation group and low in bFGF BMSCs transplantation group(<0.05). There was significant difference between bFGF+BMSCs transplantation group, BMSCs transplantation group and control group(<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The combined transplantation of BMSCs and bFGF can repair the spinal cord injury in rats. The mechanism may be related to the decrease of GFAP expression and the increase of NF-200 expression.

Manipulative reduction and percutaneous Kirschner wire internal fixation for grade IV supination-external rotation ankle fractures / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate surgical skills and clinical effects of manipulative reduction and percutaneous Kirschner wire internal fixation in treating grade IV supination-external rotation ankle fractures.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From May 2013 to October 2016, 35 patients with grade IV supination-external rotation ankle fractures were treated with percutaneous Kirschner wire internal fixation, involving 22 males and 13 females with an average age of 38.2 years ranged from 18 to 65 years old. The time from injury to operation ranged from 2 h to 10 d with an average of 5 d. Reduction quality was assessed by Burwell-Charnley radiological criteria. Baird-Jackson ankle scoring system was used to assess clinical effects.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Thirty-three patients were followed up from 10 to 28 months with an average of 14 months. Fracture healing time ranged from 10 to 18 weeks with an average of 12 weeks. According to Burwell-Charnley radiological criteria, 30 cases were obtained anatomic reduction, 3 cases moderate. According to Baird-Jackson ankle scoring system, total score was 93.8±5.4, 17 cases got excellent result, 12 good, 2 fair and 2 poor.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Manipulative reduction and percutaneous Kirschner wire internal fixation in treating grade IV supination-external rotation ankle fractures has advantages of reliable efficacy, less complications. But higher require techniques were required for closed reduction. It is not suitable for severe crushed fracture and compressive articular surface fracture.</p>

Subtractive SELEX using agar beads for screening DNA aptamers with specific affinity to HIV gp41 antigen / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To obtain DNA aptamers with a highly specific affinity to HIV gp41 antigen using SELEX screening for detection of HIV.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The specific DNA aptamers of HIV gp41 antigen were screened from the double-stranded DNA derived from the single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) library with agarose beads as the supportive medium and HIV gp41 antigen as the target molecule using SELEX technique and real-time quantitative PCR.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The secondary ssDNA library obtained after 6 rounds of screening was amplified by PCR to obtain dsDNA. The dsDNA was linked with pMD18-T vector, cloned and sequenced to obtain 4 aptamers of HIV gp41 antigen. The affinities of the 4 aptamers (K) all reached the nanomolar level. Among the 4 aptamers, the No.15 aptamer showed the strongest affinity. Specificity analysis of the aptamers revealed that all these 4 aptamers had specific affinity to HIV gp41 antigen with no affinity to other non-specific proteins.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>We successfully obtained DNA aptamers with highly specific affinity to the HIV gp41 antigen from random single-stranded oligonucleotide library, and the obtained aptamers have the ability to antagonize HIV gp41 antigen.</p>

Oncocytic Lipoadenoma: A Rare Case of Parotid Gland Tumor and Review of the Literature

Oncocytic lipoadenoma is a rare tumor, with only 18 cases having been reported since the first in 1998. We encountered a case of oncocytic lipoadenoma presenting as a slowly growing parotid mass in a 71-year-old man. This tumor is characteristically comprised of a mixture of oncocytes and adipocytes. The present case is one of five reported cases of oncocytic lipoadenoma showing sebaceous differentiation. The results of immunohistochemical study with DOG1 antibody supported the origination of this tumor in the striated duct.

A Systemic Review and Experts' Consensus for Long-acting Injectable Antipsychotics in Bipolar Disorder

Bipolar disorder (BD) is a major psychiatric disorder that is easily misdiagnosed. Patient adherence to a treatment regimen is of utmost importance for successful outcomes in BD. Several trials of antipsychotics suggested that depot antipsychotics, including long-acting first- and second-generation agents, are effective in preventing non-adherence, partial adherence, and in reducing relapse in BD. Various long-acting injectable (LAI) antipsychotics are available, including fluphenazine decanoate, haloperidol decanoate, olanzapine pamoate, risperidone microspheres, paliperidone palmitate, and aripiprazole monohydrate. Due to the increasing number of BD patients receiving LAI antipsychotics, treatment guidelines have been developed. However, the clinical applicability of LAI antipsychotics remains a global cause for concern, particularly in Asian countries. Expert physicians from Taiwan participated in a consensus meeting, which was held to review key areas based on both current literature and clinical practice. The purpose of this meeting was to generate a practical and implementable set of recommendations for LAI antipsychotic use to treat BD; target patient groups, dosage, administration, and adverse effects were considered. Experts recommended using LAI antipsychotics in patients with schizophrenia, rapid cycling BD, BD I, and bipolar-type schizoaffective disorder. LAI antipsychotic use was recommended in BD patients with the following characteristics: multiple episodes and low adherence; seldom yet serious episodes; low adherence potential per a physician's clinical judgment; preference for injectable agents over oral agents; and multiple oral agent users still experiencing residual symptoms.

MRI pain matrix regional homogeneity in cervical spondylosis of neck type treated with acupuncture at multiple acupoints / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the impacts on pain matrix (PM) brain area in the patients of cervical spondylosis of neck type treated with acupuncture at single point and the multiple points.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty-nine patients of cervical spondylosis of neck type were randomized into a single-point group (25 cases) and a multiple-point group (24 cases), and treated with acupuncture at Bailao (EX-HN 15) singly or Bailao (EX-HN 15) and Hegu (LI 4) in combination correspondingly. At the same time, 19 healthy people were selected as a control group. The resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was conducted in each group before and after treatment. The changes in the regional homogeneity (ReHo) of brain area PM were analyzed in terms of the different therapeutic programs. The relevant analysis was on the scores of the Northwick Park neck pain questionnaire (NPQ) and short form 36 questionnaire (SF-36) for life quality.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the control group, ReHo value was increased in supplementary motor area (SMA) of PM in the patients, of cervical spondylosis of neck type. In the single-point group, after treatment, ReHo value was reduced in the bilateral medial superior frontal gyri of patients. In the multiple-point group, ReHo values were reduced in the left medial superior frontal gyrus and right SMA in PM area after treatment. In the single-point group, ReHo value in each brain area of PM was not significantly correlated with NPQ and SF-36 scores. In the multiple-point group, the changes of ReHo value in superior frontal gyrus were positively correlated with those of NPQ scores.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Considering the clinical efficacy of acupunctrue for cervical spondylosis of neck type, the overall result in the multiple-point group is better than that in the single-point group. It is deduced that the advantages of the therapeutic program in the multiple-point group is relevant with the cooperative integration of the stimulation at multiple points in cerebral analgesic center.</p>

Observation of anesthetic effect in abdominal zipper model with miniature pigs / 第二军医大学学报

Objective To study the anesthetic effect of Sumianxin II combined with pentobarbital sodium on the abdominal zipper model with miniature pigs, so as to explore a safe and reliable anesthetic method for establishing abdominal zipper model with miniature pigs. Methods Abdominal zipper models were induced with 12 miniature pigs by anesthesia with Sumianxin II (0. 1 ml/kg, im) and pentobarbital sodium(0. 2 ml/kg, iv). The physiological parameter, eyelid reflex, corneal reflex, anal reflex, sedation effect, analgesic effect, muscle relaxant effect, and anesthesia duration were all observed. Results The eyelid reflex, corneal reflex and anal reflex of the 12 miniature pigs disappeared 15 min after intravenous anesthesia; and all the animals were in a good sedation, analgesia and muscle relaxation state, which maintained for 75 min. The induction period of anesthesia was (6. 22±0. 84) min, anesthesia duration was (79. 9±3. 6) min, and analepsia period was (66. 1±3. 7) min, providing a satisfactory anesthesia period of more than 80 min. Conclusion Intravenous Sumianxin II combined with intramuscular pentobarbital sodium is a simple, safe, effective and reliable method for establishing abdominal zipper model with miniature pigs.

Recombinant soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB inhibits parathyroid hormone-induced osteoclastogenesis in vitro / 生理学报

The recent identification of receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand (RANKL)/RANK/osteoprotegerin (OPG) cytokine system has led to a new molecular perspective on osteoclast biology and bone homeostasis. Specifically, the interaction between RANKL and RANK is responsible for osteoclast differentiation. In the present study, we evaluated whether soluble RANK (sRANK) could act as an antagonist of RANKL and down-regulate osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption in vitro. The prokaryotic expression vector coding for sRANK was constructed. Then the construct was introduced into E. coli Origami B (DE3) competent cells and recombinant sRANK was successfully produced and purified through affinity chromatography. sRANK reduced osteoclast-like cell (OLC) formation and resorption pit formation induced by parathyroid hormone (PTH) in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, sRANK significantly inhibited PTH-induced mRNA expression of carbonic anhydrase II and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase in murine bone marrow cells as confirmed by using semi-quantitative RT-PCR. The down-regulation was highly correlated with the effect of sRANK on OLC formation from marrow cells. These data demonstrate the anti-resorptive effects of sRANK in vitro and highlight the potential of sRANK as a novel therapeutic approach to bone disorders characterized by enhanced bone resorption.

Distribution of tetracycline-arginine-glycine-aspartate-tyrosine in mice and its effect on bone / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the distribution of tetracycline-arginine-glycine-aspartate-tyrosine (T-RGDY) in mice and its effect on bone.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>125-labeled T-RGDY was studied for its distribution in mice and for its effects on bone by histomorphometry in ovariectomized rats.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The 125I-labeled T-RGDY was more concentrated in the osteoporotic bone than in the normal bone. Compared with ovariectomy group, the morphologic index such as trabecular bone volume/total tissue volume (TBV/TTV), TBV/sponge bone volume (SBV), and mean trabecular plate thickness (MTPT) in T-RGDY group significantly increased (P < 0.05). As compared with sham operation group, MTPT significantly increased in T-RGDY group (P < 0.05), while TBV/SBV and mean trabecular plate density significantly decreased (P < 0.05), and TBV/TYV and mean trabecular plate spacing were almost the same as those in sham operation group (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>T-RGDY may concentrate in bone tissue to a certain degree, which is closely related with the status of bone remodeling. T-RGDY may inhibit the bone loss caused by ovariectomy.</p>