Environmental contamination related to the first patient with carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infection and the infection status of pa-tients in the intensive care unit in Tibetan areas / 中国感染控制杂志

Objective To investigate the environmental contamination related to first patient with carbapenem-re-sistant Acinetobacter baumannii(CRAB)infection and the infection status of relevant patients in a newly established intensive care unit(ICU)of a hospital in Tibetan area,and analyze the transmission risk.Methods From the ad-mission in ICU of a patients who was first detected CRAB on November 15,2021 to the 60th day of hospitalization,all patients who stayed in ICU for＞48 hours were performed active screening on CRAB.On the 30th day and 60th day of the admission to the ICU of the first CRAB-infected patient,environment specimens were taken respectively 2 hours after high-frequency diagnostic and therapeutic activities but before disinfection,and after disinfection but before medical activities.CRAB was cultured with chromogenic culture medium.Results Among the 13 patients who were actively screened,1 case was CRAB positive,he was transferred from the ICU of a tertiary hospital to the ICU of this hospital on November 19th.On the 40th day of admission to the ICU,he had fever,increased frequency for sputum suction,and CRAB was detected.The drug sensitivity spectrum was similar to that of the first case,and he also stayed in the adjacent bed of the first case.64 environmental specimens were taken,and 9 were positive for CRAB,with a positive rate of 14.06％,8 sampling points such as the washbasin,door handle and bed rail were positive for CRAB after high-frequency diagnostic and therapeutic activities.After routine disinfection,CRAB was detected from the sink of the washbasin.Conclusion For the prevention and control of CRAB in the basic-level ICU in ethnic areas,it is feasible to conduct risk assessment on admitted patients and adopt bundled prevention and con-trol measures for high-risk patients upon admission.Attention should be paid to the contaminated areas(such as washbasin,door handle,and bed rail)as well as the effectiveness of disinfection of sink of washbasin.

mRNA expression and methylation status of p15 promoter in mouse bone marrow cells exposed to 1,4-benzoquinone / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To detect the expression and the CpG island methylation status of tumor suppressor gene p15 after exposure to 1,4-benzoquinone (1,4-BQ) in primary cultivated C57BL/6J mouse bone marrow cells in vitro.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The mouse bone marrow cells were isolated in vitro. The effect of 0, 0.1, 1, 5, 10, 20, and 40 µmol/L 1,4-BQ on cell viability (CKK-8) was detected. 0, 0.1, 1, 10 µmol/L 1,4-BQ were used to intoxicate the mouse bone marrow cells for 24 h; Real-time PCR was employed to analyze the mRNA expression level of p15; The bisulfite sequencing PCR (BSP) was used to look into the methylation status of CpG islands in p15 promoter region.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>1,4-BQ exhibited dose-dependent toxicity to mouse bone marrow cells, and the LC(50) was 8.3 µmol/L (95%CI: 4.6 - 10.6 µmol/L). The mRNA expression of p15 in 10 µmol/L group was only equivalent to 43% of control group. Compared with control group, the decrease of p15 mRNA expression in1 and 10 µmol/L concentration were obvious, and the differences had statistical significance (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). BSP sequencing results were same between the exposure groups and control group, the 56 CpG sites on CpG islands remained in the state of unmethylated.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>mRNA expression of p15 gene decreases after exposure to 1,4-BQ, but the CpG islands methylation status in promoter is not affected, suggesting that methylation does not participate in 1,4-BQ-mediated p15 gene expression decrease, other effect mechanisms still need to be investigated.</p>

Effects of fertilizer application on contents of 2-undecanone and soluble carbonhydrate in Houttuynia cordata with different fertilizers / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of five kinds of fertilizers at three application levels on the content of 2-undecanone and carbohydrate in Houttuynia cordata.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>A single factor randomized block design was used to investigate the content of 2-undecanone and carbohydrate in the plant.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The results showed that the content of 2-undecanone was the highest both in aerial and underground parts of H. cordata, which was fertilized with complex fertilizers served in conventional way, having the content 18.6 microg g(-1) and 26.0 microg g(-1) respectively. In addition, 2-undecanone contents in aerial parts of H. cordata (14.9 microg g(-1)) fertilized with manure of human were also higher than that with chemical fertilizer, pig and duck manures, but no significant difference were found among the other treatments in aerial or underground parts of the plants, respectively. The results also demonstrated that fertilized with organic fertilizer might be beneficial to enhance the quality of sugar in H. cordata, mainly including the contents of total sugar, solutable sugar, fructose and reduced sugar in the plants, especially with manure of human and pig.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>As the result of this study and the related previous research on yield of H. cordata were considered, the fertilizing ways for increasing quality of H. cordata should take the manure of human as a main fertilizer and mix with the other organic fertilizers, complex fertilizers and chemical ones may be needed to balance the plant nutrient. In the field practice, the amount of organic fertilizer including 108,000 kg hm(-2) human mature, together with some high-efficient complex fertilizer and a small amount of quick-acting chemical fertilizer is recommended.</p>