Monogenoidea parasites of Oreochromis niloticus submitted to ractopamine supplemented diet from cultivated system / [Monogenoidea parasitos de Oreochromis niloticus provenientes de sistema de cultivo submetidos a uma dieta suplementada com ractopamina]

Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus) (Perciformes: Cichlidae), commonly named "tilapia", is the second most cultivated species in the world. Among the diseases that affect tilapia are parasitic diseases caused by parasites of the class Monogenoidea. The aim of the present study was to analyze parasitism rates among specimens of O. niloticus in farming systems, after dietary supplementation with ractopamine, a growth promoter that is used for fattening fish. The action of this substance on the quantitative parameters of infestation by Monogenoidea was evaluated. Samples of O. niloticus were obtained from a fish farm in Brasília, Federal District, Brazil. Their gills were removed and fixed. Four species of monogenoideans were collected: Cichlidogyrus halli, C. sclerosus, C. thurstonae and Scutogyrus longicornis. The results from this study indicate that the monogenoidean parasites of tilapias examined here presented different behaviors in relation to the ractopamine concentrations that were added to the food. The parasitological indexes did not present significant reductions through using ractopamine, thus leading to the conclusion that administration of ractopamine is not efficient as a method for controlling infestations of monogenoidean parasites.(AU)

Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus) (Perciformes: Cichlidae), tilápia, é a segunda espécie mais cultivada no mundo. Entre outras doenças que afetam a tilápia, estão as doenças provocadas por parasitos da classe Monogenoidea. O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar os índices de parasitismo em espécies de O. niloticus provenientes de sistemas de cultivo, submetidos a uma dieta com suplementação de ractopamina, usada como promotor de crescimento no estágio de engorda dos peixes, para avaliar as ações dessa substância nos parâmetros quantitativos da infestação por Monogenoidea. Exemplares de O. niloticus obtidos na piscicultura "Agropecuária do Buriti Perdido", em Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brasil, foram examinados; as brânquias foram removidas e fixadas. Quatro espécies foram coletadas: Cichlidogyrus halli, C. sclerosus, C. thurstonae e Scutogyrus longicornis. Os resultados obtidos no presente estudo indicaram que as espécies de Monogenoidea parasitos de tilápia examinadas apresentam diferentes comportamentos relacionados à concentração de ractopamina adicionada ao alimento. Os índices parasitológicos não apresentaram redução significativa pelo uso da ractopamina, levando à conclusão de que a ractopamina não é eficiente como método de controle parasitário em infestações por Monogenoidea.(AU)

Dolor lumbopélvico asociado a discapacidad durante el tercer trimestre de embarazo y su evolución posterior al parto / Lumbopelvic pain associated with disability during the third trimester of pregnancy and its evolution after delivery

RESUMEN El dolor lumbopélvico es una condición muy frecuente, afectando un 50 a 70% de las mujeres durante el embarazo. En la mayoría de los casos ha habido una recuperación al mes o 3 meses postparto. Sin embargo, estudios reportan que la mejoría es incompleta, pudiendo persistir o aumentar años posterior al parto. Esta condición puede causar limitaciones en la vida diaria, provocando algún grado de discapacidad que muchas veces no es abordado con la importancia que se merece. Objetivo Determinar la prevalencia de dolor lumbopélvico y su relación con el grado de discapacidad durante el tercer trimestre de embarazo y 3 meses postparto. Material y método Estudio observacional y cohorte prospectivo; la muestra son 81 mujeres estudiadas en su tercer trimestre de embarazo y 3 meses postparto atendidas durante 2014-2015 en el Departamento de Obstetricia & Ginecología, Clínica Las Condes. Se aplicó un cuestionario y el Índice de discapacidad Oswestry en ambas etapas y autoadministrada. El análisis de datos se realizó con STATA10.0. Resultados El 81,48% de las embarazadas presentaron dolor lumbopélvico, siendo más prevalente y con una asociación significativa en el tercer trimestre (72,84%, p<0,001). El 25,93% de las mujeres lo mantiene después del parto. Existe una asociación significativa entre dolor lumbopélvico y grado de discapacidad (p<0,001), específicamente con actividades de la vida diaria, actividad sexual y actividades domésticas. Conclusiones Existe una alta prevalencia de dolor lumbopélvico en el embarazo, y un porcentaje no menor lo mantiene postparto, y en ambos casos está asociado a un grado de discapacidad.

ABSTRACT Lumbopelvic pain is a very frequent condition that affects between 50 to 70% of pregnant women. In many cases have been a recovery over the month or three months postpartum. However, some studies showed an incomplete improvement, so it could persist or increase through years after childbirth. This condition can cause daily life limitations, it is provoking some disability grade, that many times it didn't understand with the importance that deserve. Aim To identify the lumbopelvic pain prevalence and the relation with disability grade during the third trimester of pregnancy and three months postpartum. Material and Methods Observational and prospective cohort study; the sample was 81 women studied in her third trimester of pregnancy and three months postpartum during 2014-2015 in the "Departamento de Obstetricia & Ginecologia de Clínica Las Condes". It applied a questionnaire and the Oswestry Disability Index in both stages and self-administered. Data analysis was using STATA 10.0 software. Results 81, 48% of pregnant showed lumbopelvic pain, there were being more prevalent and significantly associated with third trimester (72, 84%, p<0,001). 25, 93% of women maintained this condition postpartum. There is a significant association between lumbopelvic pain and disability grade (p<0,001), specifically with daily life, sexual and domestic activities. Conclusions There is a high prevalence of lumbopelvic pain during pregnancy, and not less percentage maintained this condition postpartum, that associated with a high disability grade.

Parasitism by Monogenoidea in Piaractus mesopotamicus (Characiformes, Characidae) cultivated in Paraná River (Brazil) / Parasitismo por Monogenoidea em Piaractus mesopotamicus (Characiformes, Characidae) cultivados no rio Paraná (Brasil)

Abstract This study investigated the occurrence, prevalence, mean abundance and mean intensity of monogenoidean parasites in Piaractus mesopotamicus farmed in cages in the reservoir of the Itaipu Hydroelectric Power Station, Paraná River, Brazil. The parasite distribution pattern and the correlation of prevalence and abundance with the total length of hosts were also investigated. Four monogenoidean species were collected: Anacanthorus penilabiatus, A. toledoensis, Mymarothecium ianwhitingtoni and M. viatorum. All the parasites collected in P. mesopotamicus showed the typical aggregated distribution pattern, and the abundance and the prevalence did not shown any correlation with the total length of hosts.

Resumo Neste estudo foi investigada a ocorrência, prevalência, abundância média e intensidade média de Monogenoidea parasitos de Piaractus mesopotamicus, cultivados em tanques-rede no reservatório da Usina Hidrelétrica de Itaipu, rio Paraná, Brasil. Foram investigados ainda o padrão de distribuição parasitária e a correlação entre a prevalência e abundância com o comprimento total dos hospedeiros. Quatro espécies de Monogenoidea foram coletadas: Anacanthorus penilabiatus, A. toledoensis, Mymarothecium ianwhitingtoni e M. viatorum. Todos os parasitos coletados em P. mesopotamicus apresentaram típico padrão de distribuição agregada e não foi observada correlação entre a abundância e a prevalência e o comprimento total dos hospedeiros.

Nuevo sistema de medición urodinámica en la evaluación de la incontinencia urinaria femenina: experiencia preliminar con urodinamia monocanal con medición de presión de retro-resistencia uretral / New urodynamic testing for female urinary incontinence

Objetivos: Correlacionar el diagnóstico clínico de la incontinencia urinaria con los resultados de la cistometría, obtenidas por urodinamia monocanal y evaluar la tolerancia de las pacientes al examen. Método: Entre agosto y octubre de 2006, se realizaron 64 urodinamias monocanal con medición de presión de retro-resistencia uretral (URP), en pacientes que consultaron por diagnóstico clínico de incontinencia de orina (IO). Se correlacionó el diagnóstico clínico con los resultados de la urodinamia. Se aplicó una escala de tolerancia subjetiva del examen, donde O es la mayor tolerancia y 10 el máximo desagrado. Resultados: En 38 pacientes se indicó urodinamia con diagnóstico clínico de incontinencia de orina de esfuerzo (IOE), registrándose en la urodinamia: 9 tipo 0, 2 tipo I, 13 tipo II, 1 tipo III, 13 tipo ll+lll. De las 10 con IO mixta: 3 fueron normal, 1 tipo 0, 1 tipo II, 1 tipo III, 1 tipo ll+lll, 3 detrusor hiperactivo. De las 14 pacientes con urgeincontinencia: 1 normal, 1 tipo II, 6 tipo ll+lll y 6 con detrusor hiperactivo. En la tolerancia al examen todas registraron 2 a 3 puntos. Conclusiones: La urodinamia monocanal más la medición de la URP es un examen complementario de gran utilidad en el estudio de la incontinencia urinaria. Permite planificar la solución adecuada para cada caso y tiene un alto grado de tolerancia en las pacientes.

Objective: To compare the clinical diagnosis of the urinary incontinence with the results obtained by mono-channel urodynamic and to evaluate the patient's tolerance to this examination. Method: Between August and October 2006, 64 urodynamic were made in patients with clinical diagnosis of urinary incontinence. The clinical diagnosis was compared with the urodynamic results. A subjective tolerance scale was applied (0 was greater tolerance and 10 was maximum discomfort). Results: In 38 patients with clinical diagnosis of stress urinary incontinence, the urodynamic registered 9 (type 0), 2 (type I), 13 (type II), 1 (I type II), 13 (type ll+lll). In 10 with mixed urinary incontinence, the urodynamic showed 3 (normal), 1 (type 0), 1 (type II), 1 (type III), 1 type (ll+lll) and 3 hyperactive detrusor. In 14 patients with urgency incontinence, urodynamic showed 1 normal, 1 (type II), 6 (type ll+lll) and 6 hyperactive detrusor. All patients expressed 2 and 3 de-gree tolerance. Conclusions: The monochannel urodynamic is a complementan/ examination very useful in the study of the urinary incontinence. It allows planning the solution adapted for each case and with a high degree of tolerance.

Ultrastructure of the tegument of Metamicrocotyla macracantha (Alexander, 1954) Koratha, 1955 (Monogenea, Microcotylidae)

Foi realizado o estudo do tegumento do corpo de Metamicrocotyla macracantha (Alexander, 1954) Koratha, 1955, parasito de Mugil liza (tainha) do Canal de Marapendi, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, pela microscopia eletrônica de transmissão. O tegumento é formado por uma camada externa sincicial, uma camada muscular e uma camada interna contendo células tegumentares. O sincício consiste em matriz com três tipos de corpos de inclusão e mitocôndrias. A musculatura é formada por diversas camadas de fibras musculares longitudinais e circulares. As células tegumentares apresentam núcleo bem desenvolvido, citoplasma preenchido por ribossomas, retículo endoplasmático rugoso e mitocôndrias, organelas características das células tegumentares.

Biophoton emission of human body.

For the first time systematic measurements of the "ultraweak" photon emission of the human body (biophotons) have been performed by means of a photon detector device set up in darkness. About 200 persons have been investigated. In a particular case one person has been examined daily over several months. It turned out that this biophoton emission reflects, (i) the left-right symmetry of the human body; (ii) biological rhythms such as 14 days, 1 month, 3 months and 9 months; (iii) disease in terms of broken symmetry between left and right side; and (iv) light channels in the body, which regulate energy and information transfer between different parts. The results show that besides a deeper understanding of health, disease and body field, this method provides a new powerful tool of non-invasive medical diagnosis in terms of basic regulatory functions of the body.

Actividad in vitro de niveles séricos y urinarios de amoxicilina y amoxicilina-sulbactam sobre 820 cepas de escherichia coli aisladas de infecciones urinarias bajas extrahospitalarias: estudio sudamericano / In vitro activity at serum and urinary levels of amoxicillin and amoxicillin-sulbactam against 820 escherichia coli strains isolated from community acquired urinary tract infections: South American collaborative study

Previamente, habíamos demostrado la actividad que poseen amoxicilina-sulbactam y sulbactam solo frente a Escherichia coli en la orina. Realizamos un estudio para determinar la etiología de las infecciones urinarias bajas no complicadas de la comunidad (IUBNCC) en Sudamérica. Participaron 10 laboratorios de 8 países sudamericanos. Cada laboratorio envió al centro coordinador (CEA, Bs. Aires) los resultados de susceptibilidad a amoxicilina y amoxicilina-sulbactam por el método de discos en 100 aislamientos consecutivos obtenidos de pacientes de 3 a 70 años con IUBNCC y además remitieron 20 cepas de E. coli consecutivas consideradas resistentes a amoxicilina por el método de disco. En el CEA se comprobó la CIM de amoxicilina, amoxicilina-sulbactam (2:1) y sulbactam solo; se determinó el título inhibitorio de la orina (TIO) en 12 voluntarios que recibieron una dosis oral de 500:500 mg de amoxicilina-sulbactam. Las orinas se recolectaron a las 0 a 2,2 a 4 y 4 a 6 h luego de la administración de amoxicilina-sulbactam y los TIO se verificaron sobre 5 cepas de E. coli resistentes (R) y 1 cepa sencible (S) a amoxicilina-sulbactam seleccionadas con diferentes CIM, entre las recibidas de cada centro participante; se determinaron las concentraciones de amoxicilina y sulbactam en la orina por un método microbiológico. Resultados: E. coli fue predominante 820/1.000 (82 por ciento); P, mirabilis y K. pneumoniae (4,3 por ciento ambas); S. saprophyticus (4,1 por ciento) y otros (5,3 por ciento). Susceptibilidad por discos en E. coli: 59,4 por ciento R a amoxicilina; 16,9 por ciento intermedias (I) y 23,7 por ciento S y para amoxicilina-sulbactam 28 por ciento R, 19,2 por ciento I y 52,8 por ciento S. Determinación de CIM: se estudiaron 102 E. coli R a amoxicilina-sulbactam, las CIM 90 (µg/ml fueron: amoxicilina > 2.048; amoxicilina-sulbactam: 256/128 y sulbactam solo, 128. TIO: Variaron desde > 1/32 a las 2 h; 1/16-1/4 a las 4 h y 1/4-1/2 a las 6 h para todas cepas estudiadas. Niveles de ATB en orina (µg/mI): amoxicilina y sulbactam respectivamente a las 2 h: 1.414 y 1.904: a las 4 h: 691 y 1.257 y a las 6 h: 462 y 641. Nuestros resultados confirman el predominio de E. coli en IUBNCC en Sudamérica y explican las discrepancias entre las resistencia supuesta por el método de discos y los éxitos clínicos logrados con amoxicilina-sulbactam en IUBNCC

Report on two species of Digenea from marine fishes in Brazil

Two species of Digenea were recorded for the first time in South America and in new hosts: Acanthostomum spiniceps (Looss, 1896) (Cryptogonimidae) was reported from Astroscopus sexspinosus (Steindachner, 1877) (Uranoscopidae) and Diplomonorchis sphaerovarium Nahhas & Cable, 1964 (Monorchiidae) from Ophichthus gomesi (Castelnau, 1855) (Ophichthidae). From the latter, Heliconema heliconema Travassos, 1919 (Nematoda, Physalopteridae), was also recovered representing also a new host for this nematode species.

Duas espécies de Digenea foram registradas pela primeira vez na América do Sul e em novos hospedeiros: Acanthostomum spiniceps (Looss, 1896) (Cryptogonimidae) foi coletado de Astroscopus sexspinosus (Steindachner, 1877) (Uranoscopidae) e Diplomonorchis sphaerovarium Nahhas & Cable, 1964 (Monorchiidae), de Ophichthus gomesi (Castelnau, 1855) (Ophichthidae). Deste último hospedeiro, uma espécie de Nematoda Heliconema heliconema Travassos, 1919 (Physalopteridae) foi coletada, representando também um novo hospedeiro para este nematóide.

Report on two species of Digenea from marine fishes in Brazil

Two species of Digenea were recorded for the first time in South America and in new hosts: Acanthostomum spiniceps (Looss, 1896) (Cryptogonimidae) was reported from Astroscopus sexspinosus (Steindachner, 1877) (Uranoscopidae) and Diplomonorchis sphaerovarium Nahhas & Cable, 1964 (Monorchiidae) from Ophichthus gomesi (Castelnau, 1855) (Ophichthidae). From the latter, Heliconema heliconema Travassos, 1919 (Nematoda, Physalopteridae), was also recovered representing also a new host for this nematode species

Scanning and transmission electron microscopy of the tegument of Paranaella luquei Kohn, Baptista-Farias & Cohen, 2000 (Microcotylidae, Monogenea), parasite of a Brazilian catfish, Hypostomus regani

The surface topography and ultrastructure of the tegument of Paranaella luquei Kohn, Baptista-Farias & Cohen, 2000, a microcotylid monogenean parasite from the gills of Hypostomus regani (Ihering, 1905) (Loricariidae) was studied by scanning (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). By SEM, it was observed that the tegument presents transversal ridges, forming folds in the ventral and dorsal surfaces and microvillous-like tegumental projections in the anterior and median regions of body. These projections were also observed by TEM. The tegument is made up of a syncytium delimited by apical and basal plasma membranes, containing inclusion bodies and mitochondria, connected to the nucleated region by means of cytoplasmatic processes. The tegumental cells present a well developed nucleus and cytoplasm containing inclusion bodies, similar to those found on the external layer, mitochondria, rough endoplasmatic reticulum and free ribossomes

Ultrastructure of spermatogenesis and sperm development in Saccocoelioides godoyi Kohn & Froes, 1986 (Digenea, Haploporidae)

Ultrastructural observations of spermatogenesis and sperm development of Saccocoelioides godoyi, an intestinal parasite of Leporinus friderici (Bloch, 1794) are described. The irregular-shaped spermatogonia form a peripheral layer, and show a prominent nucleus. Spermatocytes are larger than spermatogonia, and in the early stage present synaptonemal complex. Spermatids show nuclei smaller than the spermatocytes. Spermiogenesis is characterized by outgrowth of the zone of differentiation, presenting basal bodies, separated by an intercentriolar body. At the end of this process, the spermatozoa are released into the residual cytoplasmic mass. The spermatozoa of S. godoyi are elongate, similar to the pattern described for other Digenea, showing nuclei, mitochondria and two axonemes with the 9+1 configuration. The peripheral cortical microtubules on the dorsal and ventral faces are laterally interrupted

Rotación manual de la cabeza fetal en la distocia de posición transversa y oblicua posterior / Fetal cephalic manual rotation in dystocia of transverse position and oblique posterior

El objetivo que plantea este trabajo es reducir por medio de la rotación manual (RMC) del polo cefálico, el número de cesáreas causadas tanto por distocias de posición como por falta de encajamiento y evitar el riesgo de la rotación y extracción instrumental. Nuestra casuística está formada por 100 pacientes en las cuales se practicó la (RMC) en el segundo período del parto, en 59 multíparas y 41 primíparas; en 37 casos la posición fue transversa y en 63 oblicua posterior. Las indicaciones fueron dadas mayoritariamente por período expulsivo prolongado, abreviación del expulsivo, agotamiento materno, falta de encajamiento y sufrimiento fetal. El parto fue espontáneo en 57 casos: en 40 terminó por aplicaciones complementarias de fórceps con cabeza encajada en una variedad anterior, en su mayoría por sufrimiento fetal: hubo 3 fracasos, 2 occípito posteriores que no rotaron y hubo que rotarlas con el fórceps a occípito sacra y una cesárea por falta de encajamiento; los resultados fueron favorables en el 97 por ciento

Caso inusual de cáncer de ovario avanzado / Unusual case of advanced ovarian cancer

El cáncer de ovario, es una patología de diagnóstico tardío y de alta mortalidad en sus estadios avanzados. Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 51 años, portadora de un cáncer de ovario (Cistoadenocarcinoma seroso papilar ovárico bilateral) estadio IIIb, con 13 años de sobrevida post tratamiento. Se analiza tanto su historia clínica, estudio, tratamiento y su evolución en el tiempo

Regulation of DNA replication initiation in mammalian lymphocyte systems.

The control of DNA replication is central to the control of cell proliferation, and defects in S phase regulation have been implicated in senescence and neoplasia. To examine the regulation of DNA replication in lymphocytes, an in vitro system was developed in which lymphocyte derived proteins could regulate the initiation of DNA replication in isolated quiescent nuclei. Cytosolic extracts from mitogen or IL-2 activated lymphocytes as well as lymphoblastoid cell lines produce a factor (Activator of DNA replication; ADR) that can induce DNA synthesis in isolated quiescent nuclei, and DNA synthesis in this system is consistent with DNA replication and not repair. ADR activity is tightly associated with a protease activity and is not detectable in resting cells, but can be induced by a mechanism dependent on serine/threonine and tyrosine phosphorylation. Quiescent cells contain an ADR inhibitor which blocks DNA synthesis in isolated normal nuclei but not in nuclei from transformed cells, a potential factor in the uncontrolled proliferation of neoplastic cells. The control of cellular DNA replication is dependent on the interaction of origin sequences with specific replicative and regulatory proteins. However, mammalian origins of DNA replication are not well defined. Plasmids containing a replication origin within the human rRNA gene can act as replicative templates in our cell-free replication system, thus allowing a detailed molecular dissection of replication initiation in a completely human experimental system.

Adiponecrose do recem-nascido: apresentacao de dois casos. / Adiponecrosis in newborn infants: presentation of 2 cases

Os autores apresentam dois casos de adiponecrose do recem-nascido em duas criancas: uma menina de 2 meses e um menino de 32 dias.Trata-se de patologia caracterizada por areas endurecidas no tecido subcutaneo com formacao de nodulos irregulares e de consistencia dura, localizando-se em proeminencias osseas da face, ombros, membros superiores, nadegas e membros inferiores. Histopatolicamente ocorreu necrose subcutanea gordurosa, com celulas gigantes de tipo corpo estranho e deposito de cristal. Foi feito um diagnostico diferencial com a paniculite ao frio e esclerema neonatorum. A importancia da apresentacao baseia-se na raridade; na evolucao benigna sem tratamento especifico; no fato de ter sido evitada terapeutica intempestiva (corticoterapia) devido ao pouco conhecimento sobre a entidade