Comorbidity of psychiatric disorders and symmetric distal polyneuropathy among type II diabetic outpatients

The objective of the present study was to establish the frequency of psychiatric comorbidity in a sample of diabetic patients with symmetric distal polyneuropathy (SDPN). Sixty-five patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were selected consecutively to participate in the study at Instituto Estadual de Diabetes e Endocrinologia. All patients were submitted to a complete clinical and psychiatric evaluation, including the Portuguese version of the structured clinical interview for DSM-IV, the Beck Depression Inventory, the Neuropathy Symptom Score, and Neuropathy Disability Score. SDPN was identified in 22 subjects (33.8 percent). Patients with and without SDPN did not differ significantly regarding sociodemographic characteristics. However, a trend toward a worse glycemic control was found in patients with SDPN in comparison to patients without SDPN (HbA1c = 8.43 ± 1.97 vs 7.48 ± 1.95; P = 0.08). Patients with SDPN exhibited axis I psychiatric disorders significantly more often than those without SDPN (especially anxiety disorders, in general (81.8 vs 60.0 percent; P = 0.01), and major depression - current episode, in particular (18.2 vs 7.7 percent; P = 0.04)). The severity of the depressive symptoms correlated positively with the severity of SDPN symptoms (r = 0.38; P = 0.006), but not with the severity of SDPN signs (r = 0.07; P = 0.56). In conclusion, the presence of SDPN seems to be associated with a trend toward glycemic control. The diagnosis of SDPN in diabetic subjects seems also to be associated with relevant psychiatric comorbidity, including anxiety and current mood disorders.

Alteraçöes psiquiátricas no hipertireoidismo: revisäo da literatura e apresentaçäo de casos / Psychiatric changes in hyperthyroidism: literature review and report of cases

A importância do estudo das relaçöes entre o cérebro e o sistema endócrino e o seu impacto sobre o comportamento é um dos objetivos principais da nova disciplina chamada psiconeuroendocrinologia. Dentre os vários hormônios estudados, aqueles provenientes do eixo tireoidiano têm recebido uma atençäo especial. Os autores apresentam uma revisäo da literatura referente aos aspectos psiquiátricos dos transtornos tireoidianos e apresentam cinco casos de hipertireoidismo (Doença de Basedow-Graves) que cursaram com transtorno mental orgânico. Dois destes casos apresentaram-se como "delirium" e os outros três foram diagnosticados como síndrome orgânica do humor (maníaco). A evoluçäo e a conduta terapêutica dos casos säo discutidas de acordo com literatura revista.