Résumé
Objective: The purpose of this study is to assess the efficacy of Transient Evoked Otoacoustic Emission [TEOAE] as screening test for auditory function in neonates
Study Design: A cross-sectional study
Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted at United Medical and Dental College, Creek General Hospital, Karachi, from July 2106 to May 2017. A total number of 120 newborn babies were screened for hearing loss before discharge from hospital but 20 were lost for follow up and 100 cases were included in this study
Method: TEOAE was done in all neonates born during this period at 3rd day after birth. Those who were found to have hearing loss, TEOAE was repeated at the end of 1st week and again in 6th week after birth. BERA was done in those cases who showed hearing loss on TEOAE on all three occasions. All the 100 cases were followed up regularly for more than one year for appearance of any sign or symptom related with hearing loss or speech development failure
Result: Out of 100 cases included in this study, 96 were found to have no hearing loss on TEOAE and 1 on BERA test. Remaining three cases were found to have hearing loss on both TEOAE and BERA test. True negative cases where no hearing loss was found on TEOAE and subsequent follow up were 96. True positive cases were 3 where hearing loss was found on TEOAE and BERA and also on subsequent follow-up. False positive case was 1, where hearing loss was detected on TEOAE but BERA showed normal hearing and subsequent follow-up also showed normal hearing and false negative result was not detected in any case. Sensitivity of TEOAE was found to be 100%, specificity is 98.9%, accuracy is 99%, positive predictive value is 75% and negative predictive value is 100% in this study
Conclusion: TEOAE was found to be a cost-effective and practicable method of recognizing congenital hearing loss. It should be done in all newborns as routine screening for hearing loss
Résumé
Objective: To compare the efficacy of multiple doses of vaginal clindamycin with a single oral dose of secnidazole for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis. Study Design: Double-blinded randomized controlled trial. Place and Duration of Study: Shifa Foundation Community Health Center, from March 2012 till February 2015
Methodology: After obtaining written informed consent, a pelvic examination was performed for the confirmation of symptoms of milky white vaginal discharge on speculum examination, positive Amine test and presence of clue cells on microscopy. Pregnant women, known diabetes or any immunocompromised condition, were excluded. Blinding of the patient, doctor, and the pharmacist was done. Study cohort was then divided into two groups, Group A received medicine pack A which contained active clindamycin and placebo oral preparation, whereas group B was given pack B which contained active 2-gm secnidazole with placebo vaginal cream. Primary outcome and therapeutic success were defined by correction of two out of three [normal Nugent score, negative Amine test, and no milky white discharge] on day 15
Results: At 15[th] day of treatment, 96.6% participants in vaginal clindamycin group [Group A], recovered from the bacterial vaginosis; whereas, [group B] 23% patients were cured in oral secnidazole group
Conclusion: Multiple doses of vaginal clindamycin are superior to single dose of oral secnidazole for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis