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1.
Rev. bras. farmacogn ; 21(3): 518-524, maio-jun. 2011. tab
Article Dans Anglais | LILACS | ID: lil-593301

Résumé

Some pharmaceutical industries of phytomedicines are using conservation procedures (drying, autoclaving), in an attempt to avoid medicinal plants degradation, and of their fluid-extracts. Or, by adopting techniques adequate to foods, which not always are appropriate. On this sense, there is less research with Brazilian plants, causing some difficulties for their use as raw material by the domestic industry. Thus, the effects of drying at various temperatures or irradiation with microwaves, as well as autoclaving or lyophilization of the fluid-extract of samples collected in natura of Echinodorus macrophyllus (Kunth) Micheli, Alismataceae, on the pharmacochemical composition were analyzed. At the research for chemical groups, the preponderating presence of flavones and coumarin derivatives was observed. The chromatographic profiles of the flavonic extracts were analyzed by TLC and HPLC and the levels of total flavonoids were determined. According to the results obtained, qualitative and quantitative changes were caused by the various processes employed.

2.
Rev. bras. farmacogn ; 17(2): 242-248, abr.-jun. 2007. ilus
Article Dans Portugais | LILACS | ID: lil-456998

Résumé

A Echinodorus macrophyllus (Kunth) Micheli - Alismataceae, conhecida como chapéu-de-couro, chá-mineiro, erva-de-pantâno, erva-de-bugre, congonha-do-brejo e erva-do-brejo, ocorre em Minas Gerais e São Paulo. Embora tenha importância terapêutica, comercial e estar inscrita nas duas primeiras edições da Farmacopéia Brasileira (1924, 1959), são poucos os estudos que a contemplam. Este presente trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a morfoanatomia foliar e do pecíolo da E. macrophyllus, a fim de ampliar o seu conhecimento farmacognóstico, visando o controle de qualidade. A descrição macroscópica foi realizada à vista desarmada, com recursos óticos e as dimensões, com paquímetro. As características anatômicas foram determinadas, após a colheita, nos fragmentos de folhas e pecíolos fixos, seccionados à mão livre e fixados em glicerina, azul-de-astra ou fucsina. O estudo morfo-anatômico da folha e do pecíolo da E. macrophyllus contribuiu para ampliar e aprofundar as informações contidas nas Farmacopéias Brasileiras (1924, 1959). As características estruturais assinaladas auxiliam na identificação da espécie e fornece parâmetros que poderão ser aplicados futuramente no controle de qualidade farmacognóstico. E, inseriu no contexto da descrição anatômica, a presença de pêlos tectores e de células diafragmáticas, estruturas chaves no diagnóstico da espécie, não descritas pelas Farmacopéias Brasileiras (1929, 1959).


Echinodorus macrophyllus (Kunth) Micheli - Alismataceae, known as "chapéu-de-couro", "chá-mineiro", "erva-de-pântano", "erva-de-bugre", "congonha-do-brejo", "erva-do-brejo", occurs in Minas Gerais and São Paulo. Although it has therapeutic and commercial importance and is described in the two first editions of the Brazilian Pharmacopoeia (1924, 1959), there are few studies that contemplate it. This present work had the objective to study the leaf and petiole morpho-anatomy of A. macrophyllus, in order to extend its pharmacognosy knowledge, aiming at the quality control. The macroscopic description was carried through disarmed sight, with optical resources and the dimensions with a caliper. The anatomical c haracteristics had been determined, after the harvest, in the fragments of leaves and fixed petioles, freehand sectioned and stained either in glycerin, astra-blue or fuchsine. The morpho-anatomical study of the leaf and petiole of A. macrophyllust contributed to extend and deepen the information contained in the Brazilian Pharmacopoeia (1924, 1959). The designated structural characteristics assist in the identification of the species and supply parameters that could be applied in the pharmacognosy quality control in the future. And, the presence of non-glandular trichomes in the midribs (adaxial and abaxial surface) and the petiole exhibits diaphragm (specialized cells), key structures in the diagnosis of the species, that are not described in the Brazilian Pharmacopoeia (1924, 1959), were inserted in the context of the anatomical description.


Sujets)
Alismataceae , Botanique , Feuilles de plante , Pharmacognosie
3.
Rev. bras. toxicol ; 12(2): 55-62, dez. 1999. ilus, tab
Article Dans Portugais | LILACS | ID: lil-282948

Résumé

Este trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de identificar os princípios tóxicos da tetrapterys multigalndulosa A. Juss. Realizou-se triagem fitoquímica nas folhas (brotos e maduras) frescas, através de marcha analítica clássica e Cromatografia em Camada Delgada (CCD) pesquisando-se os seguintes princípios ativos: heterosídeos antrasênicos, saponínicos, flavônicos, cardiotônicos, taninos (hidrolisáveis e condensados), alcalóides (terciários e quaternários), composto esteróides e cumarínicos. Os resultados obtidos mostraram na folha jovem e madura, presença de heterosídeos flavônicos e esteróides. Taninos condensados e alcalóides quaternários foram encontrados somente na folha madura.


Sujets)
Extraits de plantes/analyse , Feuilles de plante/composition chimique , Pousses de plante/composition chimique , Végétaux toxiques/composition chimique , Alcaloïdes/synthèse chimique , Anthracènes/synthèse chimique , Glucosides cardiotoniques/synthèse chimique , Cardiotoniques/synthèse chimique , Chromatographie sur couche mince , Coumarines/synthèse chimique , Flavones/synthèse chimique , Saponines/synthèse chimique , Stéroïdes/synthèse chimique , Tanins/synthèse chimique
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