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ABSTRACT Background: Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is one of the common carcinomas with a rising incidence of metastasis due to its advanced stage of presentation. The existing biomarkers such as CEA (Carcinoembryonic antigen) etc., for prognosis, have low sensitivity and specificity. Hence a need for a newer definitive biomarker. Obesity is the leading cause of CRC. Leptin and adiponectin secreted by adipose tissue have been studied as potential biomarkers in the field of CRC. The present study helps to understand the association of leptin and adiponectin receptors with clinicopathological parameters. Objective: To correlate the various clinicopathological parameters with the tissue expression of leptin and adiponectin receptors in CRC. Methods: It is a cross-sectional prospective study conducted at a tertiary care hospital. Formalin fixed paraffin blocks of all radical resection CRC cases were collected and immunohistochemistry (IHC)was carried out on tumor tissue for leptin and adiponectin receptor. Tumor characteristics and clinical parameters were collected from the hospital medical records. Pearson's correlation coefficient test was used. Results: Immunohistochemistry was performed on 60 cases of CRC. Significant positive correlation of leptin was observed with size, lymph node metastasis, advanced stage, and grade of tumor (P<0.05). A significant correlation between adiponectin receptor and CRC was observed concerning age, stage, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis and grade of tumor. Conclusion: Positive expression of leptin and negative expression of adiponectin receptors in CRC helps to predict the risk of metastasis.
RESUMO Contexto: O carcinoma colorretal (CCR) é um dos carcinomas comuns com incidência crescente de metástases devido ao seu estágio avançado de apresentação. Os biomarcadores existentes como CEA (antígeno carcinoembrionário) etc., para prognóstico, apresentam baixa sensibilidade e especificidade. Daí a necessidade de um biomarcador definitivo mais recente. A obesidade é a principal causa do CCR. A leptina e a adiponectina secretadas pelo tecido adiposo têm sido estudadas como potenciais biomarcadores na área do CCR. O presente estudo ajuda a compreender a associação dos receptores de leptina e adiponectina com parâmetros clinicopatológicos. Objetivo: Correlacionar os diversos parâmetros clinicopatológicos com a expressão tecidual dos receptores de leptina e adiponectina no CCR. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, prospectivo, realizado em um hospital terciário. Blocos de parafina fixados em formalina de todos os casos de CCR de ressecção radical foram coletados e a imuno-histoquímica (IHQ) foi realizada no tecido tumoral para receptor de leptina e adiponectina. As características do tumor e os parâmetros clínicos foram coletados dos prontuários médicos do hospital. Foi utilizado o teste do coeficiente de correlação de Pearson. Resultados: A imunohistoquímica foi realizada em 60 casos de CCR. Correlação positiva significativa da leptina foi observada com tamanho e metástase linfonodal, estágio avançado e grau do tumor (P<0,01). Foi observada uma correlação significativa entre o receptor de adiponectina e o CCR em relação à idade, estágio, metástase linfonodal, metástase à distância e grau do tumor. Conclusão: A expressão positiva de leptina e a expressão negativa de receptores de adiponectina no CCR ajudam a prever o risco de metástase.
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ABSTRACT Background: Newborn infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit require arterial cannulation for hemodynamic monitoring and blood sampling. Arterial access is achieved through catheterization of umbilical or peripheral arteries. Peripheral artery cannulation is performed in critically ill newborns, but artery localization and cannulation is often challenging and unsuccessful. Therefore, increasing the internal diameter and preventing vasospasm are important for successful peripheral artery cannulation in neonates. Topical glyceryl trinitrate has the potential to increase cannulation success by relaxing arterial smooth muscles and thus increasing the internal diameter. We aim to conduct a pilot randomized controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of topycal glyceryl trinitrate in increasing the diameter of the radial artery in neonates. Methods/Design: This study will be a single-center, observer-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial conducted in the neonatal intensive care unit of Perth Children's Hospital, Western Australia. A total of 60 infants born at >34 weeks of gestation who are admitted for elective surgery or medical reasons and for whom a peripheral arterial line is needed for sampling or blood pressure monitoring will be recruited after informed parental consent is obtained. The primary outcome will be the change in radial arterial diameter from baseline to postintervention. Secondary outcomes will be the absolute and percentage change from baseline in the radial arterial diameter in both limbs and safety (hypotension and methemoglobinemia). Discussion: This will be the first randomized controlled trial evaluating the use of topical glyceryl trinitrate to facilitate peripheral artery cannulation in neonates. If our pilot randomized controlled trial confirms the benefits of glyceryl trinitrate patches, it will pave the way for large multicenter randomized controlled trials in this field.
RESUMO Histórico: Os recém-nascidos internados na unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal necessitam de canulação arterial para monitoramento hemodinâmico e coleta de sangue. O acesso arterial é obtido por meio de cateterização das artérias umbilicais ou periféricas. A canulação da artéria periférica é realizada em recém-nascidos em estado grave, mas a localização e a canulação da artéria são, muitas vezes, desafiadoras e sem sucesso. Assim, o aumento do diâmetro interno e a prevenção do vasoespasmo são importantes para o sucesso da canulação da artéria periférica em recém-nascidos. O trinitrato de glicerilo tópico tem o potencial de aumentar o sucesso da canulação ao relaxar a musculatura lisa arterial e, dessa forma, aumentar o diâmetro interno. Nosso objetivo é realizar um ensaio piloto controlado e randomizado para avaliar a eficácia e segurança do trinitrato de glicerilo tópico no aumento do diâmetro da artéria radial em recém-nascidos. Métodos/Desenho: Este estudo será um estudo de centro único, cego para o observador, randomizado, controlado por placebo, conduzido na unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal do Perth Children's Hospital, Austrália Ocidental. Serão recrutados 60 bebês nascidos com mais de 34 semanas de gestação, internados para cirurgia eletiva ou por razões médicas e para os quais é necessária a colocação de um acesso arterial periférico para coleta de amostras ou monitoramento da pressão arterial, após a obtenção do consentimento informado dos pais. O desfecho primário será a mudança no diâmetro arterial radial basal e pós-intervenção. Os desfechos secundários serão a alteração absoluta e percentual basal no diâmetro arterial radial em ambos os membros e a segurança (hipotensão e metemoglobinemia). Discussão: Este será o primeiro estudo controlado e randomizado a avaliar o uso de trinitrato de glicerilo tópico para facilitar a canulação da artéria periférica em recém-nascidos. Se nosso estudo-piloto randomizado e controlado confirmar os benefícios dos adesivos de trinitrato de glicerilo, ele abrirá caminho para grandes estudos multicêntricos randomizados e controlados nesse campo.
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Background: Dexamethasone is a synthetic corticosteroid similar to cortisol produced naturally by the adrenal glands. As an anti- inflammatory and immunosuppressive agent, it is used in many diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and allergic anaphylactic shock, and its suppression test to diagnose Cushing's syndrome. Its further use includes its administration before antibiotics in bacterial meningitis, antitumor treatment, for treatment of glucocorticoid resistance, Addison抯 disease, and congenital adrenal hyperplasia. The drug is abused by using it in animal husbandry as a growth promoter and in horse sports to enhance their performance. Methods: In this study, the development of homologous ELISA using Dexamethasone-21-hemisuccinate (DEX-21-HS)-Bovine serum albumin antiserum and Dexamethasone-21-hemisuccinate (DEX-21-HS)-Horseradish peroxidase enzyme conjugate has been done. The n-hydroxysuccinimide ester method was used to prepare the immunogen and enzyme conjugate. Results: The sensitivity 0.25 ng/mL, affinity 2.8x10-8 L/mol and ED50 4.98 ng/mL of the assay were found. The cross-reactivity of the assay was checked and found with three steroids (Corticosterone- 1.13%, Progesterone- 2.25% and Prednisolone- 6.3%) out of 48 structurally related steroids. Then, analytical variables of the developed assay were studied, such as recovery (98.55% to 105.08%), precision (Inter and Intra- assay coefficient of variation <9.28%), correlation (R2= 0.98) by utilizing a commercially available Dexamethasone kit for comparison. Conclusion: This study concluded that low-cost indigenous ELISA for Dexamethasone had been developed, which can give results within 75-80 minutes.
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Anti-hyperglycemic agents is a substance that helps a person with diabetes control their level of glucose (sugar) in the blood. It includes insulin and oral anti-hyperglycemic agents. Diabetes is a metabolic disorder characterized by increased blood glucose levels leading to other major complications. Thus, obtaining these anti hyperglycemic agents through easily available flora is necessary. Delonix regia , a tree cultivated worldwide, has also been used as traditional medicine in various disorders. Aim of the project work was to evaluate the anti-hyperglycemic activity in the hydroalcoholic extract of D. regia bark for the treatment of hyperglycemia. The collected bark was dried, powdered and extracted through cold maceration method. The extract was further concentrated to obtain a gummy mass of the hydroalcoholic extract. The extract was subjected to phytochemical analysis through conventional chemical tests and GC-MS. After the identification of the phytoconstituents, they were studied for their clinically proven properties. In-vitro anti-hyperglycemic studies were carried out through assays like alpha-amylase inhibition assay and alpha-glucosidase inhibition assay. The results of the extract were compared with results of standard acarbose. The IC 50 standard values in alpha-amylase inhibition assay and ?-glucosidase inhibition assay were 98.77 and 84.33 ?g/mL, respectively. The IC 50 values of hydroalcoholic extract of D. regia bark in alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase inhibition assay were 167 and 116.31 ?g/mL, respectively. From the study, the hydroalcoholic extract of bark of D. regia exhibit anti-hyperglycemic activity compared to standard acarbose.
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Background: Enterobacter were proposed as a genus in 1960 by Hormaeche and Edwards based on the division of the former genus Aerobacter into motile, ornithine decarboxylase (ODC)–positive strains (Enterobacter) and nonmotile ODC-negative strains (Klebsiella). The Vitek-2 system is the second generation of Vitek and offers a more sophisticated model of data analysis as well as a fully automated process for card identification, organism suspension dilution and card filling. To study Aim and Objectives: identification and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Enterobacter species by Vitek-2 system isolated from various clinical samples. Material and Methods: A total of 100 Enterobacter species obtained from various clinical samples like urine, pus, sputum, endotracheal aspirate and body fiuids (pleural, ascitic, peritoneal and CSF) etc. of patients received at Department of Microbiology, Government Medical College & Associated Group of Hospitals, Kota during a period of approximately 1 year from May 2021 to May 2022 were taken for the identification and Antibiotic sensitivity testing by Vitek-2 system. Out of 100 Enterobacter isolates, 69% w Result: ere E.cloacae and 31% were E.aerogenes. Antimicrobial susceptibility results of Enterobacter species revealed the susceptibility of 56.41% for Nitrofurantoin, 69% for Piperacillin/ Tazobactam and 72% for Cefoperazone/ salbactam. Enterobacter seems to be emerged with increasi Conclusion: ng resistance to multiple antibiotics.
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Purpose: Glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness worldwide, affecting more than 64 million people aged 40–80. The best way to manage primary open?angle glaucoma (POAG) is by lowering the intraocular pressure (IOP). Netarsudil is a Rho kinase inhibitor, the only class of antiglaucoma medications that reorganizes the extracellular matrix to improve the aqueous outflow through the trabecular pathway. Methods: An open?label, real?world, multicentric, observation?based 3?month study was performed for assessing the safety and ocular hypotensive efficacy of netarsudil ophthalmic solution (0.02% w/v) in patients with elevated IOP. Patients were given netarsudil ophthalmic solution (0.02% w/v) as a first?line therapy. Diurnal IOP measurements, best?corrected visual acuity, and adverse event assessments were recorded at each of the five visits (Day?1: screening day and first dosing day; subsequent observations were taken at 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 6 weeks, and 3 months). Results: Four hundred and sixty?nine patients from 39 centers throughout India completed the study. The mean IOP at baseline of the affected eyes was 24.84 ± 6.39 mmHg (mean ± standard deviation). After the first dose, the IOP was measured after 2, 4, and 6 weeks, with the final measurement taken at 3 months. The percentage reduction in IOP in glaucoma patients after 3 months of once?daily netarsudil 0.02% w/v solution use was 33.34%. The adverse effects experienced by patients were not severe in the majority of cases. Some adverse effects observed were redness, irritation, itching, and others, but only a small number of patients experienced severe reactions, as reported in a decreasing order: redness > irritation > watering > itching > stinging > blurring. Conclusion: We found that netarsudil 0.02% w/v solution monotherapy when used as the first?line treatment in primary open?angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension was both safe and effective.
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Introduction: India has a huge disease burden of thalassemia major with an estimated 40 million carriers and over a million thalassemia major patients. Very few patients are optimally treated, and the standard of care “hematopoietic stem cell transplant” (HSCT) is out of reach for most patients and their families. The cost of HSCT is significant, and a substantial proportion of it goes to human leukocyte antigen (HLA) testing of family members (HLA screening) in hope of getting a matched related donor (MRD) for HSCT. The aim of this study was to establish that a new proposed testing algorithm of HLA typing would be more cost-effective as compared to the conventional HLA screening within MRD families for possible HSCT. Material and Methods: Buccal swab samples of 177 thalassemia patients and their prospective family donors (232) were collected. Using a new HLA testing algorithm, samples were tested for HLA typing in a sequential manner (first HLA-B, then HLA-A, and finally HLA-DR) using the sequence-specific oligonucleotide probe method on the Luminex platform. Results: The new sequential HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-DRB1 testing algorithm showed a 49.1% reduction in cost compared to the conventional HLA testing algorithm. Furthermore, 40 patients (22.59%) were found to have HLA-MRD within the family among other samples that were tested. Conclusion: The new HLA testing algorithm proposed in the present study for identifying MRD for HSCT resulted in a substantial reduction in the cost of HSCT workup.
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This article describes a technique of dacryocystectomy involving dissection within the subfascial plane, in which the lacrimal sac fascia is preserved and the orbital fat remains undisturbed. The lacrimal sac cavity was directly injected with Tisseel fibrin glue mixed with trypan blue. This led to sac distension and facilitated its separation from surrounding periosteal and fascial attachments. Staining the lacrimal sac epithelium improved definition of the mucosal lining. Transverse sections of the lacrimal sac specimen were histologically analyzed, which confirmed that dissection was completed within a subfascial plane. The technique herein described facilitates en bloc excision of the lacrimal sac without breaching the fascial plane that separates the sac from orbital fat.
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Purpose: To evaluate the effect and side effects of topical 2% rebamipide ophthalmic suspension in dry eye disease. Method: This prospective randomized case control study included total 80 patients (40 cases and 40 controls) of dry eye. Symptoms were graded according to OSDI scoring system and specific tests for dry eye included Tear film breakup time (TBUT), Schirmer’s test, Fluorescein corneal staining (FCS), Rose Bengal staining) were performed. Case group received 2% rebamipide ophthalmic suspension four times daily and control group given carboxymethylcellulose 0.5% four times daily. The follow ups had done at two, six and twelve weeks. Results: The maximum numbers of patients were between 45-60 years. Patient with mild moderate and severe OSDI Score shows marked improvement. Mild TBUT score showed improvement but statistically not significant (P value-0.34). In moderate and severe TBUT Score statistically significant improvement (P value- 0.0001, 0.0001). In all grade FCS shows statistically significant improvement with p value-0.0001, 0.0001, and 0.028 respectively. Schirmer’s test score in all cases had shown improvement but statistically not significant and P value were 0.09, 0.07, and 0.07 respectively. In mild, moderate and severe Rose Bengal staining statistically significant improvement (P value -0.027, 0.0001, and 0.04) .The only side effect was dysgeusia (10% patients). Conclusion: Rebamipide 2% ophthalmic suspension showed significant improvement in symptoms and signs of dry eye. It able to modify epithelial cell function, improve tear stability, and suppress inflammation suggests that it may be a first drug of choice for severe dry eye disease.
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Background & objectives: Drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) jeopardizes the treatment process with poor outcomes. Efflux pumps (EPs) belonging to the ABC transporter family in Mycobacterium tuberculosis confer resistance to rifampicin (RMP) besides genetic mutations thus serving as a target for a potential adjunct therapeutic inhibitory molecule. Rv1218c is one such pump that was previously reported to be active in multidrug-resistant TB clinical isolates. Methods: In this study, the inhibition potential of Rv1218c-EP was tested on 8 molecules that were shortlisted by in silico methods. These molecules were subjected to the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination, checkerboard drug combination assay, ethidium bromide-DNA binding assay, and in vitro and ex vivo cytotoxicity assay. Results: Based on the outcome of the study, two molecules dodecanoic acid (DA) and palmitic acid (PA) were found to be potential enough to decrease the MIC of RMP by 8 to 1000 folds against multidrug-resistant clinical isolates and Rv1218c expressing recombinant Mycobacterium smegmatis. Interpretation & conclusions: These molecules were also found to reduce the time taken by RMP to kill these drug-resistant Mycobacteria to 48 h, unlike control isolates that survived more than 240 h of RMP exposure. The functional concentration of both molecules was non-toxic to the epithelial and blood mononuclear cells. With further comprehensive scientific validation, PA and DA could be recommended as adjunct therapeutic molecules with first-line anti-TB drugs to treat drug-resistant TB.
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Objective: To compare the risk of early childhood obesity (BMI zscore of ?+2SD) among children of more than 7 years of age with a birth weight of more than 3500 g to a birth weight of 2500- 2999 g. Methods: Retrospective birth cohort study among children of 7 to 10 years of age in 22 villages of Himachal Pradesh with notexposed (birth weight: 2500 to 2999 g) and exposed (> 3500 g) group. Results: A total of 379 and 377 participants were enrolled in notexposed and exposed group, respectively. Adjusted relative risk (aRR) between exposed and high BMI (>+2SD) was 4.9 (95%CI: 1.3-17.5) adjusted for mean age, gender, mean years of schooling, consumption of butter, fruits, vegetables, and indoor playing. Conclusion: High birth weight (>3500 g) increases and normal birth weight decreases the risk of childhood obesity up to five times in rural India.
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Purpose: To determine the safety and efficacy of low?energy settings in small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) for correcting myopia and myopic astigmatism. Methods: We included patients aged ?18 years with the myopia of ?0.5 to ?10 D and myopic astigmatism of ?0.5 to ?5 Dcyl in this retrospective case series performed at a private eye hospital in South India. All patients had preoperative best?corrected visual acuity of LogMar 0.0 ± 0, with stable refraction for 1 year and normal corneal topography. Ocular surface disease and other pathology cases were excluded. The repetition rate of the laser was 500 kHz, and the pulse energy was 110 nJ. The lenticule diameter was set at 6.5 mm, cap diameter was 7.20 mm, and intended cap thickness was 110–130 ?. The spot distance was 4.5 ?m. All patients were evaluated immediately postoperation and on postoperative days 1, 8, and 30. Results: Overall, 541 eyes were included. The mean patient age was 25.03 ± 4.1 years. The mean spherical error was ?3.76 ± 1.84 Ds. The mean cylinder was ?1.24 ± 0.91. The mean spherical equivalent of refraction was ?4.22 ±1.94 D. The logMAR on postoperative day 1 was 0.0 ± 0. The mean spherical equivalent at 1 month was 0.28 ± 1.06 D. There was no loss of Snellen’s lines after the procedure. The mean spherical equivalent of refraction to the target was 95% within ± 0.50 D. The postoperative astigmatism was within 0.5 Dycl. No intraoperative complications of SMILE including retained lenticule fragments, tears of incision, or improper dissection occurred. Conclusion: Low?energy settings in SMILE are safe and effective in correcting myopia and myopic astigmatism including high cylinders (>3 Dcyl).
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Background: Of all abdominal emergencies, pancreatitis is one of the most complicated and clinically dif?cult. The preferred imaging technique for determining the severity of acute pancreatitis and its consequences is computed tomography (CT). To evaluate the clinical outcome of acute pancreatitis and prognostic Aim: correlation based on the CT severity index. We included 30 patients with suspected acute pancreatitis Settings and Design: attending department of Radio Diagnosis, KVG medical college and hospital during the study period (January 2022 to May 2022). All the patients were evaluated by contrast enhanced CT. The severity of pancreatitis was scored using CT severity index (Balthazar), modi?ed severity index (Mortele) and revised Atlanta classi?cation and the cases were classi?ed into mild, moderate and severe. The outcome parameters studied were Length of hospital stay, Need for surgery or percutaneous intervention, incidence of infection or organ failure and death. The age group of patients was 16 to 69 years with Results: maximum patients (36%) between 25 and 35 years. Majority were males (81%). According to Modi?ed CT Severity Index, 15% patients had mild, 42% patients had moderate and 43% had severe pancreatitis. Majority of the cases (44%) were categorized as severe pancreatitis according modi?ed Mortele CT score. Majority of the cases were categorized as mild pancreatitis according Balthazar CTSI score and revised Atlanta classi?cation. 38% patients are considered to have end organ failure. Hepatic failure is the most common system failure seen in 22% patients. 36% patients had evidence of systemic infection. 10% patients required surgical interventions. The score is simpler to calculate and the inter-observer variability is Conclusions: decreased using the modi?ed CT severity index.
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Aim: Irrational use of medicines is a global problem. In India, one contributing factor is the availability of a large number of fixed-dose combinations (FDCs). To improve rational use and to strengthen policies, it is important to assess the usage patterns and rationality of FDCs. Methods: This study was conducted as part of a 1-year prospective cross-sectional analysis of prescriptions in the outpatient clinics of broad specialities from 13 tertiary care hospitals across India. Five most commonly prescribed FDCs in each center were analyzed. In addition, all the prescribed FDCs were classified as per the Kokate Committee classification and it was noted whether any of the FDCs were irrational or banned as per the reference lists released by regulatory authorities. Results: A total of 4,838 prescriptions were analyzed. Of these, 2,093 (43.3%) prescriptions had at least one FDC. These 2,093 prescriptions had 366 different FDCs. Of the 366 FDCs, 241 were rational; 10 were irrational; 14 required further data generation; and the remaining 96 FDCs could not be categorized into any of the above. Vitamins and minerals/supplements, antibacterial for systemic use, and drugs for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and peptic ulcer were the most used FDCs. Conclusion: Based on the finding that some prescriptions contained irrational FDCs, it is recommended that a rigorous, regular, and uniform method of evaluation be implemented to approve/ban FDCs and that prescribers be periodically notified about the status of the bans.
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Heart failure (HF) is a huge global public health task due to morbidity, mortality, disturbed quality of life, and major economic burden. It is an area of active research and newer treatment strategies are evolving. Recently angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI), a class of drugs (the first agent in this class, Sacubitril–Valsartan), reduces cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in chronic HF patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Positive therapeutic effects have led to a decrease in cardiovascular mortality and HF hospitalizations (HFH), with a favorable safety profile, and have been documented in several clinical studies with an unquestionable survival benefit with ARNI, Sacubitril–Valsartan. This consensus statement of the Indian group of experts in cardiology, nephrology, and diabetes provides a comprehensive review of the power and promise of ARNI in HF management and an evidence-based appraisal of the use of ARNI as an essential treatment strategy for HF patients in clinical practice. Consensus in this review favors an early utility of Sacubitril–Valsartan in patients with HF with reduced EF (HFrEF), regardless of the previous therapy being given. A lower rate of hospitalizations for HF with Sacubitril–Valsartan in HF patients with preserved EF who are phenotypically heterogeneous suggests possible benefits of ARNI in patients having 40–50% of LVEF, frequent subtle systolic dysfunction, and higher hospitalization risk.
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Currently, there is no approved drug to combat dengue. Various quinoline derivatives are known for potential antimalarial, antiviral activities, etc. In the present work docking between 4-Amino-7-Chloroquinoline analogs was performed with dengue virus NS2B/NS3 protease using CB dock, a web server. Lys74, Ile165, Val147, Asn152, Asn167, Trp83 and Leu149 amino acid residues were found to be in contact with designed 4-Amino-7-Chloroquinoline analogs. Different modes of binding like hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interactions, etc with designed compounds improve potential anti-dengue characteristics in silico. ADME results are in acceptable range.
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Currently, there is no approved drug to combat dengue. Various quinoline derivatives are known for potential antimalarial, antiviral activities, etc. In the present work docking between 4-Amino-7-Chloroquinoline analogs was performed with dengue virus NS2B/NS3 protease using CB dock, a web server. Lys74, Ile165, Val147, Asn152, Asn167, Trp83 and Leu149 amino acid residues were found to be in contact with designed 4-Amino-7-Chloroquinoline analogs. Different modes of binding like hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interactions, etc with designed compounds improve potential anti-dengue characteristics in silico. ADME results are in acceptable range.
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Almost all the countries in the world guarantee freedom of religion in some form or the other. Such a guarantee assumes special importance in a multi- religion country like India which owes its religious diversity to history rather than any recent or contemporary phenomena. Religion is a volatile issue in India and religious conversions add more to the volatility of the issue therefore various state governments have enacted anti-conversion laws with the purported aim of preventing conversions brought about by coercion or inducements. Such laws have been a subject of intense criticism and have been alleged as infringing on one's right to freedom of religion. The paper examines the issue of religious conversion in the light of existing constitutional provisions, judicial pronouncements, and secularism and through the lens of contemporary political philosophy