RÉSUMÉ
Objective:To investigate the level of health literacy and its influencing factors among residents aged 15-69 years with different chronic disease in Zhejiang Province.Methods:In this cross-sectional study, a stratified multistage whole cluster random sampling method was used to select 19 200 permanent residents aged 15-69 years from 30 monitoring sites in Zhejiang Province from June to November 2022, and a household questionnaire survey was carried out with the National Health Literacy Monitoring Questionnaire for the Population. The content of the survey included socio-demographic characteristics, health-related factors and health literacy level. A total of 19 200 questionnaires were distributed and 19 051 were collected, of which 18 857 (98.98%) were valid. The χ2 test was used to compare the health literacy levels of residents with different chronic diseases, and logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of the health literacy levels. Results:The health literacy level of residents aged 15-69 in Zhejiang Province in 2022 was 38.36%. Among them, the health literacy level of patients with multiple chronic diseases was much lower than those with single chronic disease and those without chronic disease (14.70% vs 25.37%, 42.21%) ( χ2=483.05, P<0.001). It was positively associated between having multiple chronic diseases and insufficient health literacy ( OR=1.26, 95% CI: 1.01-1.58); compared with those without chronic disease ( OR=1.00), patients with multiple chronic diseases were significantly more likely to have inadequate health literacy in basic knowledge and concepts ( OR=1.29, 95% CI: 1.03-1.63), health behaviors ( OR=1.24, 95% CI: 1.01-1.53), basic skills ( OR=1.37, 95% CI: 1.11-1.69), and health information literacy ( OR=1.27, 95% CI: 1.08-1.50). Conclusions:The number of chronic diseases is a key factor that affects the residents′ health literacy level, and people with multiple chronic diseases are often associated with a higher risk of inadequate health literacy.
RÉSUMÉ
Objective:To describe the prevalence of tobacco use among college students in Zhejiang Province and analyze the influencing factors of second-hand smoke exposure on campus.Methods:In 2021, college students were selected from 9 colleges through stratified multi-stage cluster sampling from Zhejiang Province and surveyed using questionnaire. A total of 6 530 questionnaires were distributed and 6 035 were returned, with 6 030 valid questionnaires (96.48%). A descriptive analysis of the demography characteristics, cigarettes and electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) use, and second-hand smoke exposure of the subjects was carried out, and chi-square test was used for statistical analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze influencing factors of second-hand smoke exposure on campus.Results:The current smoking rate and current use rate of e-cigarettes among college students were 3.70% and 1.56%, respectively, and the dual use rate of cigarettes and e-cigarettes was 1.16%. The exposure rate of second-hand smoke among college students on campus was 25.06%, while the exposure rate of second-hand smoke in off campus places was 32.35%. The awareness rates of smoking related diseases among college students were as follows: lung cancer (92.02%), heart disease (73.15%), stroke (72.87%), and impotence (64.08%). The awareness rate of second-hand smoke related diseases were as follows: lung cancer in adults (91.11%), heart disease in adults (78.91%), and lung disease in children (89.35%). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that seven factors (including gender, school type, major, grade, smoking ban regulations, smoking scenes, and knowledge about the health hazards of second-hand smoke) had a statistically significant impact on college students′ exposure to second-hand smoke at school [ OR=2.63, 0.67, 0.69, (0.39, 0.60, 0.68), 0.51, 1.74, 0.72] (all P<0.01). Conclusions:The use of cigarettes and e-cigarettes among college students in Zhejiang Province is not optimistic, especially the use rate of e-cigarettes is higher than adult. The status of second-hand smoke exposure among college students remains serious, with male students, non-medical students, students of special programs, and senior college students having more severe second-hand smoke exposure on campus, and students with high awareness of second-hand smoke exposure, less exposure to smoking scenes from media, from college with comprehensive smoke-free regulations are less exposed to second-hand smoke on campus.
RÉSUMÉ
Objective@#To investigate the prevalence of cigarette and electronic cigarette ( e-cigarette ) use among adults in Zhejiang Province, so as to provide insights into tobacco control. @*Methods @#Thirty study sites were randomly sampled from Zhejiang Province in 2020 using a multi-stage stratified random sampling method, and permanent residents at ages of 15 to 69 years were selected as study subjects. A questionnaire was designed based on the questionnaire for the China Adult Tobacco Survey to collect subjects' demographic characteristics, cigarette and e-cigarette use, smoking cessation and exposure to secondhand smoke ( SHS ). The weighted prevalence of smoking, current smoking, current e-cigarette smoking, smoking cessation and exposure to SHS was estimated based on the Seventh National Population Census in 2020.@*Results @#A total of 19 200 questionnaires were recovered, and 19 180 were valid, with an effective recovery rate of 99.90%. The respondents had a mean age of ( 50.30±12.90 ) years, with a male to female ratio of 1∶1.06 and an urban/rural population ratio of 1∶1.31. Among all the respondents, there were 6 033 smokers ( 31.45% ), 4 163 current smokers ( 21.70% ), 201 current e-cigarette users ( 1.05% ), 146 cigarette and e-cigarette dual users ( 0.76% ), 1 870 respondents quitting smoking ( 31.00% of smokers ) and 7 189 respondents with exposure to SHS ( 47.87% of non-smokers ). The weighted prevalence of smoking, current e-cigarette use, cigarette and e-cigarette dual uses, smoking cessation and exposure to SHS was 20.49%, 1.34%, 0.94%, 29.56% and 49.53% in Zhejiang Province, respectively, and the prevalence of current smoking, current e-cigarette use, cigarette and e-cigarette dual uses and exposure to SHS was 40.39%, 2.39%, 1.86% and 55.31% among males and 0.35%, 0.28%, <0.01% and 46.02% among females, respectively. The highest prevalence of current smoking was seen among respondents at ages of 55 to 64 years ( 24.24% ), while the highest prevalence of current e-cigarette use and cigarette and e-cigarette dual uses was seen in adults at ages of 25 to 34 years ( 2.18% and 1.58% ).@*Conclusions @#The prevalence of current e-cigarette use was higher among adults in Zhejiang Province in 2020 than the nationwide level in China. The prevalence of cigarette use was lower among adults in Zhejiang Province in 2020 than the nationwide level in China; however, improving the management of tobacco control in public places and the capacity building of smoking cessation services is still required to reduce the use of cigarettes and e-cigarettes.
RÉSUMÉ
Abstract@#The aging process is increasingly accelerating in China, and the improvement of health literacy is a prerequisite to achieving health for all, and is an important strategy to promote healthy aging. Based on recent studies pertaining to health literacy among the elderly, this review, from the perspective of aging, summarizes the level and common influencing factors of health literacy among Chinese elderly populations, and discusses the health literacy promotion strategies among the elderly, so as to provide insights into improving the health literacy surveillance and promotion quality and health literacy levels among the elderly.