Clinical study of pelvic floor muscle exercise combined with transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation in the treatment of urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy / 国际外科学杂志

Objective:To investigate the effect of pelvic floor muscle exercise (PFMT) combined with transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) on urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy.Methods:A total of 120 patients with urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy in Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from July 2020 to June 2021 were retrospective selected and divided into control group and observation groupthe according to different treatment method, 60 cases in each group. The control group was treated with PFMT, and the observation group was treated with PFMT combined with TENS. Urodynamic indexes of 72 h urine pad usage, maximum urine flow rate, maximum cystometric capacity, maximum urethral closure pressure, abdominal leakage point pressure, ICI-Q-SF score and the clinical efficacy were compared between the two groups. Measurement data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation ( ± s), and t-test was used for comparison between groups; Chi-square test was used for comparison of enumeration data between groups. Results:After treatment, the 72 h urine urine pad usage in the observation group [(1.95±1.13) pieces] was lower than that in the control group [(6.28±2.47) pieces], and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). After treatment, the maximum flow rate [(13.92±2.53) mL/s], maximum cystometric capacity [(338.72±19.22) mL], maximum urethral closure pressure [(69.75±5.04) cmH 2O], abdominal leakage point pressure [(90.56±5.26) cmH 2O] in observation group after treatment were better than those in control group [(11.48±2.18) mL/s, (325.81±18.63) mL, (65.29±4.78) cmH 2O, (83.58±5.29) cmH 2O], the difference were statistically significant ( P<0.05). After treatment, the ICI-Q-SF score of the observation group [(5.97±1.82) points] was lower than that of the control group [(10.95±2.64) points], and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05); the clinical effective rate of observation group (93.33%) was higher than that of control group (78.33%), and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). Conclusion:PFMT combined with TENS is better than PFMT alone in the treatment of postoperative urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy.

Clinical and radiologic features of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis associated with iron deficiency anemia / 中华神经医学杂志

Objective To investigate the clinical and imaging features of patients with cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) associated with iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and to analyze its possible pathogenesis. Methods Eighteen patients with CVST associated with IDA, consecutively admitted to our hospital from January 2006 to June 2018, were chosen in our study. Their clinical presentations, laboratory and neuroimaging features, treatments and prognoses were retrospectively analyzed. Results (1) Mean hemoglobin concentration was (81.6±16.0) g/L (53 g/L-112 g/L), with mild anemia in 5 patients (27.8％), moderate anemia in 11 patients (61.1％) and severe anemia in 2 patients (11.1％); mean platelet count was (371.9±202.5)×109/L ([64-825]×109/L). (2) The clinical symptoms were highly variable: all the 18 patients had headache (5 with isolated headache); 14 patients were combined with other neurological symptoms, including focal neurological deficits (n=11, 61.1％), disturbance of consciousness (n=5, 27.8％), and epilepsy (n=2, 11.1％). (3) MR imaging showed that 14 patients (77.8％) were with venous infarction, in which 10 (55.6％) had hemorrhagic transformation; MR venography showed that 16 patients (88.9％ ) were with more than one cerebral venous thrombosis, and the most common sites were transverse sinus (n=16, 88.9％), followed by sigmoid sinus (n=13, 72.2％), and superior sagittal sinus (n=9, 50.0％). (4) All 18 patients accepted anticoagulant therapy; one died at the acute phase, and 17 were with good prognosis after 3-6 months of follow-up. Conclusion CVST associated with IDA is common in young and middle-aged women with moderate and severe anemia; the common symptoms include headache and focal neurological deficits; the common imaging features include multiple venous sinus involvement with venous infarction and hemorrhagic transformation; good prognosis can be obtained after anticoagulant therapy.

Expression and characterization of juvenile hormone binding protein Bmtol gene in silkworm, Bombyx mori / 生物工程学报

The head of the silkworm is a nerve center and a sense organ, contains antennaes and sensory hair, feels the outside signal, and responds to the external signal delivered to the brain. Juvenile hormone is mainly synthesized and secreted by corpora allata, and it needs to be played with the aid of the hormone binding protein, because the juvenile hormone binding protein is the carrier of juvenile hormone transport and plays a functional in vivo, they have an extremely important function in insects. The objective of this study is to screened and identify a novel BmTOL proteins that it has a conserved structure of the juvenile hormone binding protein family by SilkDB and NCBI database. Its coding gene number is BGIBMGA003404 (GenBank Accession No. KY681053). We also expressed the recombinant protein using the prokaryotic expression system, and then successfully purified the recombinant protein by Ni-NTA chromatography column to generate the polyclonal antibodies. The expression patterns analysis in various tissues showed that both in transcriptional and protein levels Bmtol was higher expressed in head. Furthermore, the expression level of Bmtol gene was higher in newly exuviated silkworm, and expression level of Bmtol gene was lower from at 3 days 5th instar to 7 days pupa, began to increase after the moth. Immunohistochemistry showed that BmTOL protein was localized in the cortex, antennaes and brain of the head, It may be related to the information transmission of the head, and provides an important source of information for the growth and development of silkworm.

Genetic regulatory mechanisms of Candida albicans biofilm formation / 生物工程学报

Candida albicans is an important opportunistic fungal pathogen of humans. Phenotypic plasticity is a typical biological feature of C. albicans, which is associated with pathogenicity, host adaptation, and sexual reproduction. Biofilm of C. albicans is a complex community formed by different morphological types of cells (yeast, hyphae and pseudohyphae) and secreted extracellular matrix. C. albicans biofilms are intrinsically resistant to antifungal drugs, the host immune system, and environmental stresses. Biofilm is an important virulence factor and a major clinical challenge. With the development of new technologies in global gene expression profiles and genetic manipulation, the regulatory mechanisms that govern C. albicans biofilm development and drug resistance become more and more clear. Major regulatory mechanisms involve the MAPK and cAMP signaling pathways and transcriptional regulators such as Bcr1 and Tec1. In addition, morphological transitions and sexual reproduction are also involved in the regulation of biofilm development. In this review, we focus on the genetic regulatory mechanisms of biofilm including the roles of cell-wall related proteins, transcription factors, and the MTL locus. In the last section, we also summarize the mechanisms of drug resistance of biofilm in C. albicans.