Association between Muscle Strength and Anemia in the Rural Middle Age and Older Adults / 대한스포츠의학회지

Purpose@#This study aimed to investigate the association between relative muscle strength and serum hemoglobin levels. @*Methods@#In this study, 3,234 adults living in rural areas were surveyed from 2007 to 2014 and the data was analyzed on 1,987 adults. Anemia (＜ 12 g/dL for women and ＜ 13 g/dL for men) was defined by examining serum hemoglobin concentration. Muscle strength was measured by using Takei dynamometer about grip strength and leg strength.To identify the association between relative strength and anemia, odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using logistic regression analysis (p＜ 0.05). @*Results@#As confounding variables were adjusted, relative leg strength (high level: OR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.34– 0.88) and relative grip strength (middle level: OR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.37– 0.88; high level: OR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.30– 0.84) were associated with OR of anemia risk. Relative grip strengths were significantly associated with risk of anemia in the ≥ 65-year age group (middle level: OR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.23– 0.78; high level: OR, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.14– 0.72), but not in the ＜ 65-year age group. Also, ≥ 65-year age group, who have both high relative grip strength and high relative leg strength (OR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.21– 0.93) or only high relative grip strength (OR, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.18– 0.96), was only significantly associated with the prevalence of anemia. @*Conclusion@#Improvement of relative muscle strength is a key factor that can lower the risk of anemia and it is recommended in order to reduce the health risk of elderly life.

Association between Relative Handgrip Strength and C-Reactive Protein in Adults / 대한스포츠의학회지

Purpose@#The purpose of this study was to investigate whether obesity indicators are mediated in the association between muscle strength and inflammation levels, and further confirm the association between muscle strength level by sex and age and inflammatory levels. @*Methods@#In this study, 3,234 adults living in rural areas were surveyed from 2007 to 2015 and the data was finally analyzed on 2,149 adults. To identify that obesity indicators are mediated in relation to the association between relative grip strength and C-reactive protein (CRP) level, odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using logistic regression analysis (p＜ 0.05). @*Results@#As confounding variables were adjusted, the odds ratio for high inflammatory conditions was lower at a high (OR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.40–0.85) or medium (OR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.46–0.90) level of relative grip strength than a low level of relative grip strength. However, there were no significant results if the body fat percentage was added for the confounding variable. When the association between relative grip strength and inflammatory conditions was divided by sex, for women, the odds ratio about high inflammatory conditions was gradually decreased as the relative grip level increased (medium level: OR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.35–0.87; high level: OR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.30–0.82). The association of relative grip strength with inflammatory conditions was shown differently in age groups. @*Conclusion@#In conclusion, improvement of muscle strength is a factor that can lower the level of inflammation, and it is important to lower the level of inflammation that can cause cardiovascular disease through resistance exercise differentiated by age and sex.

Associations between Allergic Rhinitis and Frequency of Muscular Exercise and Sitting Time in Korean Adolescent from the 2016 Korean Youth's Risk Behavior Web-Based Study / 대한스포츠의학회지

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to analyze the association between allergic rhinitis and frequency of muscular exercise and sitting time in Korean adolescents. METHODS: We performed logistic regression analysis to calculate allergic rhinitis odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) about frequency of muscular exercise and sitting time measured by questionnaires. RESULTS: Students participating in muscular exercise over 5 days a week had lower OR than students not participating in muscular exercise (OR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.84–0.98), and the groups whose sitting time were 5 to 10 hours, 10 to 15 hours, over 15 hours had much higher OR than the group participating in sitting time less than 1 hour (5–10 hours: OR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.05–1.44; 10–15 hours: OR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.15–1.55; ≥15 hours: OR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.19–1.63). CONCLUSION: We found that allergic rhinitis of Korean adolescents was associated with frequency of muscular exercise and sitting time.

The Association between Sitting Time, Physical Activity Level and Chronic Kidney Disease in the Healthy Adults / 대한스포츠의학회지

This study aimed to examine the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in association with physical activity and sitting time. Participants of this study are Korean men and women aged 40 to 69, who completed health examination from 2001 to 2003. Physical activity was measured by using an International Physical Activity questionnaire. CKD was defined by estimated glomerular filtration rate that is lower than 60 mL/min/1.73 m². Logistic regression was conducted to evaluate the association of sitting time and physical activity with CKD (p<0.05). When age, sex, and other risk factor of CKD are adjusted, subjects who reported high level of physical activity participation had a significantly lower odds ratio (OR) of CKD than subjects who reported as sitting low level of physical activity participation (OR, 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.50–0.99), and subjects who spend more than 5 hours had significantly higher OR of CKD than subjects who spend less than 1 hours (OR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.13–2.37). Multivariate-adjusted OR of CKD associated with sitting time more than 5 hours (OR, 2.21; 95% CI, 1.09–4.52) and high physical activity participation more than 1 hours (OR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.23–0.99) and 5 hours (OR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.24–0.90) were significant in men. High level of physical activity and low level of sitting time were independently associated with OR of CKD, and this supports the importance of reducing sitting time as well as promoting physical activity participation.

A Nonpregnant Woman with Group B Streptococcal Meningitis and Multifocal Embolic Infarctions

No abstract available.

Acute Hemorrhagic Leukoencephalopathy in a Patient with Influenza A and B Coinfection

Acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalopathy is a rare condition associated with the influenza virus, but the role of influenza in this condition has not been clarified. We experienced a patient with influenza A and B virus co-infection who initially presented mild gastrointestinal symptoms and rapidly progressed to coma. Magnetic resonance imaging showed severe brain edema and multiple intracranial hemorrhagic lesions. The patient was treated with oseltamivir and corticosteroid, and her clinical course improved without neurological sequelae.

Acute Hemorrhagic Leukoencephalopathy in a Patient with Influenza A and B Coinfection

Acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalopathy is a rare condition associated with the influenza virus, but the role of influenza in this condition has not been clarified. We experienced a patient with influenza A and B virus co-infection who initially presented mild gastrointestinal symptoms and rapidly progressed to coma. Magnetic resonance imaging showed severe brain edema and multiple intracranial hemorrhagic lesions. The patient was treated with oseltamivir and corticosteroid, and her clinical course improved without neurological sequelae.

Reversible Amygdala and Parahippocampal Lesions of Brain 18Fluorodeoxy Glucose-Positron Emission Tomography in Neuropsychiatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

BACKGROUND: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that is a significant source of morbidity and mortality when it manifests in the central nervous system. The early detection and treatment of neuropsychiatric SLE (NPSLE) is very important, but a confirmative diagnostic tool has yet to be developed. CASE REPORT: We report here a case of neuropsychiatric manifestations in a patient that were associated with SLE, and evidence of reversal of bilateral amygdala and parahippocampal lesions in the brain revealed by 18fluorodeoxy glucose-positron emission tomography. CONCLUSIONS: We are suggestive of 18fluorodeoxy glucose-positron emission tomography appear to be more sensitive in detecting subtle brain changes in NPSLE.

Vivid Dreaming after Acetyl-L-Carnitine Administration: A Report of Two Cases

Acetyl-L-carnitine (ALC), an acetylated form of L-carnitine, is able to influence the activity of cholinergic neurons, cell membrane stabilization and enhancing mitochondrial function. A 52-year-old woman was referred to neurology clinic for memory impairment within 1 year. She was administered ALC as dose of 1,500 mg per day for improving memory decline. After 14 days from administrating ALC, she complained vivid dreams at every night. Vivid dream was disappeared after ceasing ALC. Another patient, a 72-year-old man, visited neurology clinic for cognitive decline for 2 years. After 20 days from administering ALC with dose of 1,500 mg per day, he also suffered from vivid dreams at every night. His previous stable sleep was also restored after ceasing ALC. ALC supplementation may present vivid dreams as a side effect. Possibility of vivid dream as a side effect should be considered during the management with oral ALC.

Review on Potential Risk Factors in Wafer Fabrication Process of Semiconductor Industry / 대한산업의학회지

OBJECTIVES: To associate work in the semiconductor industry, including silicon wafer fabrication, with cancer risks or mortality and other adverse health effects, the operation of wafer fabrication should initially be understood. A detailed study on the fabrication operation allows retrospective exposure to be assessed and wafer fabrication workers to be classified into similar exposure groups. Therefore, the objective of this study was to comprehensively review silicon wafer fabrication operations and related hazardous materials and agents. METHODS: The literatures related to semiconductor industry processes were reviewed from an occupational health viewpoint based on wafer manufacturing, wafer fabrication and packaging. The focus was especially related to the hazardous materials used in wafer fabrication industries. RESULTS: During the fabrication of silicon wafers, many toxic chemicals, a strong electric field and hazardous equipment are used. The process allows the integration of a three-dimensional array of electric circuits onto a silicon wafer substrate. Wafers are sliced from single crystal silicon and subject to a series of steps during the fabrication process, which alternatively adds and then selectively removes materials in layers from the surface of the wafer to create different parts of the completed integrated circuit. There are four major steps in this process; patterning, junction formation, thin film and metallization. CONCLUSIONS: In order to associate exposure to the hazard agents generated during wafer fabrication operations with adverse health effects the details of the operation should be completely studied, which will be helpful in both exposure assessments and epidemiological studies.

The Incidence and Patterns of Unintentional Injuries in Daily Life in Korea: A Nationwide Study / 예방의학회지

OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to estimate the cumulative incidence rate (CIR) of unintentional injuries in Korean daily life and to describe the pattern of unintentional injuries. METHODS: The study population was the people who used the National Health Insurance because of injuries (ICD code: S00~T98) during 2006. The stratified sample according to gender, age and the severity of injury (NISS, New Injury Severity Score) was randomly selected. The questions on the questionnaire were developed as a reference for an international classification tool (ICECI, International Classification of External Causes of Injury). The questions included the locations of injury, the mechanisms of injury and the results of injury. Moreover, we used age, gender, region and income variables for analysis. RESULTS: The CIR of unintentional injuries that occurred in daily life for 1 year per 100,000 persons was 17,606, and the CIR of severe injuries was 286. Many injuries were occurred at home (29.6%), public places (19.0%), school (13.7%) and near home (12.0%). The major mechanisms of injuries were slipping (48.8%), contact (14.0%), physical over-exertion (13.8%), and fall (6.6%). Infants and old aged people were vulnerable to injuries, and those who lived rural area and who were in a low income level were vulnerable too. CONCLUSIONS: We signified the risk groups and risk settings of unintentional injuries in Korean daily life. These results could contribute to establishing strategies for injury prevention and implementing these strategies.

The Prevalence and Risk Factors of Osteopenia and Osteoporosis in 40-59 year-old male workers / 대한산업의학회지

OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of osteopenia and osteoporosis in 40-59 year-old male workers working at nuclear power plants. METHODS: Bone density, body composition, and anthropometry data were analyzed for 2,073 subjects were carried out from March 2004 to July, 2004. Educational level, smoking status, drinking status and frequency of physical activity were investigated by self-reported questionnaires through internet to identify lifestyles related to bone mass density. Bone mass density was measured by EXE-3000 of Osteosys Co. and body fat percentage, and waist-to-hip ratio by Inbody 3.0 of Biospace Co. RESULTS: The prevalence of ostepeniaosteopenia and osteoporosis was 22.8% and 3.0%, respectively. According to multinominal multinomial logistic regression analysis, age, smoking status (current smoker and former smoker), low body mass index (< 25 kg/m2), and frequency of physical activity were significantly associated with osteopenia and osteoporosis. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis wasseemed high for the, when it was inferred from subjects' age compared to the results of previous studies. The This study results suggeststhat it is necessary for 40-59 year-old male workers to stop smoking, and exercise regularly in order to prevent osteopenia and osteoporosis.

First year report of analytical proficiency testing program for industrial hygiene laboratories / 대한산업의학회지

No abstract available.