Biochemical and cytogenetic effects of dichlorvos and sodium dihydrogen phosphate on biomphalaria alexandrina snails specific intermediate hosts for schistosoma mansoni

The present work aimed to investigate the chromosomal pattern of Biomphalaria alexandrina snails and the effect of certain chemical compounds such as dichlorvos [DDVP] and sodium dihydrogen phosphate [NaH2PO4] on the chromosomal aberrations beside some biochemical pattern in these snails as intermediate hosts. This was useful in breaking the host parasite relationship, which is very specific and dependable on genetic [chromosomal] status of these hosts. The study showed that both DDVP and NaH2PO4 caused a significant increase in the chromosomal aberrations during the first three days of treatment, while after nine days of treatment, the values were returned to the normal values. The results of DNA, RNA, total protein, amino acids and fatty acids in the tissue of B. alexandrina snails showed varying differences in the different treated groups. Also, the results revealed that both DDVP and NaH2PO4 affected the egg-laying of snails and the susceptibility of the pretreated snails to parasite infection

Induction of micronuclei in mouse bone-marrow by the carbamate insecticides carbofuran

The ability of carbofuran to induce micronuclei in mouse bone marrow cells was studied. Different routes of application for carbofuran were tested to cover the different possibilities for human exposure to the pesticide. The different routes of administration of carbofuran caused toxicity to bone marrow indicated as significant increase in the percentage of polychromatic erythrocytes [PEs] over that of the control. Carbofuran at a dose of 0.025 mg kg-1 body weight affected the percentage of PEs with micronuclei significantly. It reached 2.6% after i.p. injection compared with 0.7% for the control and 2.8% after oral treatment by gavage compared with 0.5% for the control. Feeding mice for three months with Vicia faba and soya bean seeds treated with carbofuran at 15 mg kg-1 and stored for 30 weeks caused a significant increase in the percentage of micronucleated PEs. This was attributed to the penetration of carbofuran inside the seeds during the storage period. The results revealed a clastogenic potential of carbofuran and its residues, in stored seeds, in mouse bone marrow