Knowledge regarding immunization among mothers of under-five children in Uttarakhand

Background: Immunization is one of the most impactful and cost-effective health investments globally that helps in reducing the burden of infectious diseases keeping children safe. Mothers are the major role players with regard to their children’s immunization. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to assess knowledge regarding immunization among mothers of under-five children in the Doiwala block of Dehradun, Uttarakhand. A total of one hundred mothers of under-five children were conveniently selected through door-to-door survey. A structured knowledge questionnaire on under-five immunization was administered through the interview technique to assess the knowledge of the mothers. Results: Among 100 mothers of under-five children 13% had poor knowledge, 63% had average knowledge and 24% had good knowledge regarding under-five immunization. There was significant association between age, education status and socioeconomic status of mothers with knowledge score regarding under-five immunization. Conclusions: There is a strong need to increase awareness and knowledge about immunization among children; its benefits and importance. There is also a need to educate people especially mothers regarding harmful consequences of incomplete immunization of children.

Comparison of the treatment outcomes: percent change in the sum of longest diameters (RECIST) and percent change of the lesion with the highest SUL (PERCIST) between standard therapy plus Lu-177 PSMA ligand therapy and standard therapy alone among patients with prostatic cancer status-post castration using Ga-18 PET-CT as an outcome indicator

Introduction@#Prostate cancer is the third most common cancer among Filipino males. Ga-68 PSMA PET-CT and Lu-177 PRLT have been introduced in the Philippines for the diagnostics and therapy of prostate cancer. @*Objective@#The aim of this study is to compare treatment outcomes of standard therapy plus Lu-177 PSMA radioligand therapy and standard therapy alone among patients with prostatic cancer status-post castration using Ga-68 PET-CT as an outcome indicator. @*Methodology@#This is an ambispective cohort study on Ga-68 PSMA PET-CT scans performed between January 1, 2018 and July 31, 2021. Serum PSA data taken within one month of the PET-CT scans were also collected when available. The PET-CT images were reviewed by a radiologist for RECIST response, and by a nuclear medicine physician for PERCIST response . @*Results@#A total of 11 participants were included in the study. Six participants (55.5%) received standard therapy, while five participants (45.5%) received Lu-177 PSMA radioligand therapy plus standard therapy. There was no significant difference in the baseline and follow-up CT as shown by all p values > 0.05. A trend towards higher number of participants with non-complete/non-progressive RECIST response was noted in the control group than the treatment group, as well as higher number of participants with progressive or stable disease using the PERCIST response. @*Conclusion@#There were no significant differences noted in the clinical outcomes of participants who received Lu-177 PRLT and those with standard therapy alone. A trend towards decreasing serum PSA, CT and PET measurements were noted among patients given Lu-177 PRLT than those with standard therapy.

Transient expression of a green fluorescent protein in tobacco and maize chloroplast

BACKGROUND: Maize is one of the most important crops worldwide and has been a target of nuclear-based transformation biotechnology to improve it and satisfy the food demand of the ever-growing global population. However, the maize plastid transformation has not been accomplished due to the recalcitrant condition of the crop. RESULTS: In this study, we constructed two different vectors with homologous recombination sequences from maize (Zea mays var. LPC13) and grass (Bouteloua gracilis var. ex Steud) (pZmcpGFP and pBgcpGFP, respectively). Both vectors were designed to integrate into rrn23S/rrn16S from an inverted repeat region in the chloroplast genome. Moreover, the vector had the mgfp5 gene driven by Prrn, a leader sequence of the atpB gene and a terminator sequence from the rbcL gene. Also, constructs have an hph gene as a selection marker gene driven by Prrn, a leader sequence from rbcL gene and a terminator sequence from the rbcL gene. Explants of maize, tobacco and Escherichia coli cells were transformed with both vectors to evaluate the transitory expression­an exhibition of green and red fluorescent light under epifluorescence microscopy. These results showed that both vectors were expressed; the reporter gene in all three organisms confirmed the capacity of the vectors to express genes in the cell compartments. CONCLUSIONS: This paper is the first report of transient expression of GFP in maize embryos and offers new information for genetically improving recalcitrant crops; it also opens new possibilities for the improvement in maize chloroplast transformation with these vectors.

Role of Trypanosoma cruzi nucleoside diphosphate kinase 1 in DNA damage responses

BACKGROUND NME23/NDPKs are well conserved proteins found in all living organisms. In addition to being nucleoside diphosphate kinases (NDPK), they are multifunctional enzymes involved in different processes such as DNA stability, gene regulation and DNA repair among others. TcNDPK1 is the canonical NDPK isoform present in Trypanosoma cruzi, which has nuclease activity and DNA-binding properties in vitro. OBJECTIVES In the present study we explored the role of TcNDPK1 in DNA damage responses. METHODS TcNDPK1 was expressed in mutant bacteria and yeasts and over-expressed in epimastigotes. Mutation frequencies, tolerance to genotoxic agents and activity of DNA repair enzymes were evaluated. FINDINGS Bacteria decreased about 15-folds the spontaneous mutation rate and yeasts were more resistant to hydrogen peroxide and to UV radiation than controls. Parasites overexpressing TcNDPK1 were able to withstand genotoxic stresses caused by hydrogen peroxide, phleomycin and hidroxyurea. They also presented less genomic damage and augmented levels of poly(ADP)ribose and poly(ADP)ribose polymerase, an enzyme involved in DNA repair. MAIN CONCLUSION These results strongly suggest a novel function for TcNDPK1; its involvement in the maintenance of parasite's genome integrity.

A semi-synthetic neolignan derivative from dihydrodieugenol B selectively affects the bioenergetic system of Leishmania infantum and inhibits cell division / A semi-synthetic neolignan derivative from dihydrodieugenol B selectively affects the bioenergetic system of Leishmania infantum and inhibits cell division

Leishmaniasis is a neglected disease that affects more than 12 million people, with a limited therapy. plant-derived natural products represent a useful source of anti-protozoan prototypes. In this work, four derivatives were prepared from neolignans isolated from the Brazilian plant Nectandra leucantha, and their effects against intracellular amastigotes of Leishmania (L.) infantum evaluated in vitro. IC50 values between 6 and 35 µM were observed and in silico predictions suggested good oral bioavailability, no pAINs similarities, and ADMet risks typical of lipophilic compounds. the most selective (sI > 32) compound was chosen for lethal action and immunomodulatory studies. this compound caused a transient depolarization of the plasma membrane potential and induced an imbalance of intracellular Ca2+, possibly resulting in a mitochondrial impairment and leading to a strong depolarization of the membrane potential and decrease of ATP levels. The derivative also interfered with the cell cycle of Leishmania, inducing a programmed cell death-like mechanism and affecting DNA replication. Further immunomodulatory studies demonstrated that the compound eliminates amastigotes via an independent activation of the host cell, with decrease levels of IL-10, TNF and MCP-1. Additionally, this derivative caused no hemolytic effects in murine erythrocytes and could be considered promising for future lead studies.

Dehydrodieugenol B derivatives as antiparasitic agents: Synthesis and biological activity against Trypanosoma cruzi

Chagas disease is a neglected protozoan disease that affects more than eight million people in developing countries. Due to the limited number and toxicity profiles of therapies in current use, new drugs are urgently needed. In previous studies, we reported the isolation of two related antitrypanosomal neo- lignans from Nectandra leucantha (Lauraceae). In this work, a semi-synthetic library of twenty-three neolignan derivatives was prepared to explore synthetically accessible structure activity relationships (SAR) against Trypanosoma cruzi. Five compounds demonstrated activity against trypomastigotes (IC50 values from 8 to 64 mM) and eight showed activity against intracellular amastigotes (IC50 values from 7 to 16 mM). Eighteen derivatives demonstrated no mammalian cytotoxicity up to 200 mM. The phenolic ac- etate derivative of natural dehydrodieugenol

Impacto en la calidad de vida por la asociación entre trastornos de sueño y síndrome de intestino irritable / Impact on the Quality of Life of the Association between Sleep Disorders and Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Objetivos: determinar si la presencia de alteraciones del sueño se asocia con el deterioro en la calidad de vida, medida a través del cuestionario SF-36, en pacientes con síndrome de intestino irritable (SII). Métodos: se diseñó un estudio de corte transversal en el que se incluyeron individuos con SII seleccionados con los criterios de Roma III, a los que se les aplicó la escala de Epworth, el cuestionario de Pittsburgh y los criterios para síndrome de piernas inquietas (SPI); de manera simultánea, se les realizó la evaluación de calidad de vida usando la escala SF-36. Resultados: se incluyeron 80 pacientes con SII, la mayoría mujeres; el 81% presentó algún tipo de trastorno del sueño determinado por la alteración en 1 o más escalas. Al estratificar los pacientes con y sin trastornos del sueño, se observó que el subgrupo con trastorno del sueño se asoció con mayores alteraciones en la calidad de vida, con OR 4,8125, IC 95%: 1,17-19,02, p < 0,0076, diferencia estadísticamente significativa. Conclusiones: en este estudio se encontró que hasta un 81% de los pacientes con SII presentan trastornos de sueño, y que las alteraciones del sueño en pacientes con SII se asocian con un mayor compromiso de la calidad de vida según la escala SF-36.

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to determine if sleep disorders in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) were associated with impaired quality of life as measured by the SF36 questionnaire. Methods: This is cross-sectional study in which individuals with IBS according to the Rome III criteria were evaluated for sleep disorders with the Epworth Sleepiness Scale questionnaire and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire. They were also evaluated for restless legs syndrome (RLS) and, simultaneously, the Short Form (36) Health Survey was used to evaluate participants’ quality of life. Results: Eighty patients with IBS, mostly women, were included in this study. 81% had some type of specific sleep disorder as measured by at least one of the questionnaires. Patients were groups into those who had sleep disorders, and those who did not. The group which had sleep disorders had statistically significantly more alterations in quality of life (OR 4.8125, 95% CI: 1.17 to 19.02, p <0.0076). Conclusions: This study found that up to 81% of IBS patients have sleep disorders and that sleep disturbances in patients with IBS are associated with decreased quality of life according to the SF36 scale.

Temporal Trends in Radiation Exposure and Utilization of Coronary CT Angiography, SPECT, and Invasive Coronary Angiography.

Background: The use of noninvasive medical imaging has increased over the past decade at a cost of significant lifetime radiation exposure to study subjects. We report the implementation of radiation dose reduction methods and associated reduction in ionizing radiation exposure with Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography (CCTA) over time. Methods: Radiation doses and total number of studies performed were evaluated constantly from January 2010 to September 2012 for CCTA (N=2613), as well as Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT, N=8060) part of an ongoing effort to minimize radiation exposure. Analysis of variance was used to evaluate the radiation exposure reduction among modalities. We compared CCTA radiation doses in the era of retrospective protocols coupled with dose modulation (40%-80%phase) using Siemens® 64-slice Dual Source technology, with prospective scanning on the same equipment, as well as radiation doses on the newer Siemens® Flash Equipment and the implementation of nursing/technologist aggressively driven protocol for heart rate control and image acquisition independent of imaging provider presence during acquisition. Results: The radiation dose reduction with implementation of multiple measures of radiation reduction to include physician independent-technician driven CCTA protocol resulted in a reduction from mean of 9.85±5.96 (median 8.8mSv) to mean of 3.00±2.53(median 2.1mSv) (p<0.0001). CCTA radiation dose has decreased by 69.2% since January of 2010 while SPECT radiation dose remained constant at 14mSv (p<0.0001). Conclusion: Continued advances in software and hardware technology, combined with “physician independent-technician driven” CCTA protocol have drastically reduced radiation dosing in CCTA to annual background radiation exposure, while maximizing the benefit of the study and without sacrificing patient safety.

Indicators of Family Care for Development for Use in Multicountry Surveys.

Indicators of family care for development are essential for ascertaining whether families are providing their children with an environment that leads to positive developmental outcomes. This project aimed to develop indicators from a set of items, measuring family care practices and resources important for caregiving, for use in epidemiologic surveys in developing countries. A mixed method (quantitative and qualitative) design was used for item selection and evaluation. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were conducted to examine the validity of candidate items in several country samples. Qualitative methods included the use of global expert panels to identify and evaluate the performance of each candidate item as well as in-country focus groups to test the content validity of the items. The quantitative methods included analyses of item-response distributions, using bivariate techniques. The selected items measured two family care practices (support for learning/stimulating environment and limit-setting techniques) and caregiving resources (adequacy of the alternate caregiver when the mother worked). Six play-activity items, indicative of support for learning/stimulating environment, were included in the core module of UNICEF’s Multiple Cluster Indictor Survey 3. The other items were included in optional modules. This project provided, for the first time, a globally-relevant set of items for assessing family care practices and resources in epidemiological surveys. These items have multiple uses, including national monitoring and cross-country comparisons of the status of family care for development used globally. The obtained information will reinforce attention to efforts to improve the support for development of children.

Disfunción sexual femenina y algunos factores asociados en la población de Sabanagrande, Francisco Morazán, julio 2011 / females sexual disfunction and some associated factors on the population of Sabanagrande, Francisco Morazán, July 2011

La Disfunción Sexual Femenina (DSF) es un trastorno que afecta la sexualidad, puede considerarse un problema de salud que no pone en peligro la vida de las personas pero afecta la salud física, mental y la relación de pareja, familia trabajo, así como los aspectos sociales, Objetivo: establecer la prevalencia de disfunción sexual femenina y algunas variables asociadas. Metodología: se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal en 1,651 mujeres mayores de 15 años de la población de la comunidad Sabanagrande, Honduras, julio 2011. La muestra fue de 322 mujeres; se utilizó el muestreo aleatorizado sistemático, se usó el croquis de la comunidad para numeración de datos, se utilizaron dos instrumentos, un cuestionario que recogía datos sociodemográficos, el test que evalua la sexualidad femenina llamado ¨Indice de Función sexual Femenina¨ (IFSH). Este cuestionario consta de 19 preguntas y agrupa seis dominios: deseo, excitación, lubricación, orgasmo, satisfacción dispareunia; cada pregunta tiene 5 o 6 opciones, con un puntaje de 0 a 5. Resultados: La prevalencia de DSF fue 145(45%) de la muetra, las áreas afectadas fueron: anorgasmicas 31%, dispareunia 26%, vaginismo 20%. La DSF segun rangos de edad, 25-39 años 58(40%), 40-69 años 58(40%). La escolaridad; educación secundaria 73(50%) y primaria 58(40%). Estado Civil; unión libre 54(37%) y casada 43(30%). Ingreso económico L.2,500.00 69(48%). Violencia sexual sufrida por la mujer a la edad de 10 años o menos 19(13%). Parejas sexuales; una 75 (52%), dos 46(32%), mas de tres 23(15%). Masturbación 46(32%). Comunicación de la pareja ; regular 55(38%) y mala 15(10%). Conclusión: el estudio mostró que la frecuencia de DSF fue del 45%...

Observations on Dust Mites (Acari: Pyroglyphidae) in Coastal Hospitals in South Africa

Surveys of houses in South Africa have shown that dust mites and mite-derived antigens are more common along the eastern and southern coastal lowlands than on the central Highveld plateau. The present study extended this research to hospitals in the three major coastal cities; to determine whether or not dust mites were present in ward furnishings and on floors; and if so; at what densities. Sampling; over 22 months; in provincial and private hospitals in Durban; Port Elizabeth and Cape Town recovered 10 mite species; including the cosmopolitan pyroglyphids; Dermatophagoides farinae; D. pteronyssinus; Euroglyphus maynei and Malayoglyphus intermedius. Mites were found in all sampled habitats without any apparent preferences; but mean densities were mostly below 10/m2; lower than found previously in houses along the coast. To characterise mite habitats in these coastal hospitals; preliminary environmental data were collected in wards and from inside mattresses. These showed nearly constant environments; with moderate temperatures and relative humidity and narrow annual ranges. Temperature and relative humidity levels decreased with increasing latitude from Durban to Cape Town

Telemedicina: historia, aplicaciones y nuevas herramientas en el aprendizaje / Telemedicine: history, uses and new learning tools

En la actualidad las intervenciones en salud ya sean de tipo diagnóstico o terapéutico no son distribuidas equitativamente, por lo cual garantizar la prestación de servicios de salud representa un reto incesante para muchos programas en diferentes países; sin embargo, gracias a los avances tecnológicos en telecomunicación y procesos de imágenes, es ahora posible ofrecer varios servicios de salud a un mayor número de la población a distancia con un buen nivel de calidad; esto se define como telemedicina...

Introduction: Currently, health care interventions either diagnostic or therapeutic, are not distributed evenly across the globe, therefore ensuring the provision of health services represents a constant challenge for many health care programs in different countries, however, thanks to the advances in telecommunication and imaging processing, it is now possible to offer a variety of health care services to a greater number of people at a distance with a good level of quality, this concept is currently defined as telemedicine...

The role of ADAMTSs in arthritis

The ADAMTS (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs) family consists of 19 proteases. These enzymes are known to play important roles in development, angiogenesis and coagulation; dysregulation and mutation of these enzymes have been implicated in many disease processes, such as inflammation, cancer, arthritis and atherosclerosis. This review briefly summarizes the structural organization and functional roles of ADAMTSs in normal and pathological conditions, focusing on members that are known to be involved in the degradation of extracellular matrix and loss of cartilage in arthritis, including the aggrecanases (ADAMTS-4 and ADAMTS-5), ADAMTS-7 and ADAMTS-12, the latter two are associated with cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), a component of the cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM). We will discuss the expression pattern and the regulation of these metalloproteinases at multiple levels, including their interaction with substrates, induction by pro-inflammatory cytokines, protein processing, inhibition (e.g., TIMP-3, alpha-2-macroglobulin, GEP), and activation (e.g., syndecan-4, PACE-4).

Analgesia en abdomen agudo ¿persiste el peligro? / Analgesia in patients with acute abdomen: does danger persist?

Introducción: el dolor abdominal es un motivo de consulta frecuente. Ya que se presenta como síntoma principal en diversas enfermedades y que existe la posibilidad de que se generen complicaciones si el diagnóstico no se establece oportunamente, ha habido renuencia a brindar analgesia en forma temprana en estos casos. Los cambios en el ejercicio médico actual permiten preguntarse si está aún justificada la conducta de mantener a estos pacientes sin analgesia. Materiales y Métodos: se realizó una búsqueda en Medline y Pubmed que incluyó los trabajos realizados al respecto entre 1990 y 2005 y se extrajeron además otros trabajos a partir de las referencias de algunos de estos. Resultados: se identificaron 12 estudios relevantes. Aunque existe gran heterogeneidad entre los mismos, ninguno logró demostrar causalidad entre la instauración de analgesia y algún desenlace adverso. Sí demostraron alivio importante del dolor en los pacientes que recibieron analgesia. Discusión: limitaciones en el diseño de los estudios no permiten hacer una recomendación precisa acerca de cuál es la conducta más adecuada. Existe una tendencia a definir la analgesia como una intervención sin riesgo asociado. Es pertinente realizar estudios con diseños metodológicos apropiados y tamaños de muestra significativos.

INTRODUCCIÓN: el dolor abdominal es un motivo de consulta frecuente. Dado que se presenta como el síntoma principal en diversas enfermedades y que existe la posibilidad de que se generen complicaciones si el diagnóstico no se establece oportunamente, ha habido renuencia a brindar analgesia en forma temprana en estos casos. Los cambios en el ejercicio médico actual permiten preguntarse si está aún justificada la conducta de mantener a estos pacientes sin analgesia. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: se realizó una búsqueda en Medline y Pubmed que incluyó los trabajos realizados al respecto entre 1990 y 2005, y se extrajeron además otros trabajos a partir de las referencias de algunos de estos. RESULTADOS: se identificaron 12 estudios relevantes. Aunque existe gran heterogeneidad entre los mismos, ninguno logró demostrar causalidad entre la instauración de la analgesia y algún desenlace adverso. Sí demostraron alivio importante del dolor en los pacientes que recibieron analgesia. DISCUSIÓN: limitaciones en el diseño de los estudios no permiten hacer una recomendación precisa acerca de cuál es la conducta más adecuada. Existe una tendencia a definir la analgesia como una intervención sin riesgo asociado. Es pertinente realizar estudios con diseños metodológicos apropiados y tamaños de muestra significativos

study of bacterial isolated from corneal specimens and their antibiotic resistance profile

We aim to examine the spectrum of bacteria causing corneal infections and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns. This will serve as a guideline for empiric therapy of corneal infections. We conducted the study over a period of 18 months from March 2001 through December 2002 in King Abdul-Aziz University Hospital, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Corneal specimens taken from 200 patients were inoculated directly onto different types of media. The isolates were identified and then tested against the appropriate topical or systemic antibiotics. Sixty-seven [33.5%] of the total specimens were culture positive and 133 [66.5%] were culture negative. Fourteen [7%] of these showed organisms in the Gram stained smears and correlated well with the culture reports. Of the 67 positive cultures, 53 [79.1%] were Gram-positive bacteria mostly coagulase-negative Staphylococci 29 [43.3%] followed by Streptococcus pneumoniae [S. pneumoniae] 13 [19.4%]. Among Gram-negative bacteria 14 [20.9%], Pseudomonas aeruginosa [P. aeruginosa] 10 [14.9%] was the predominant isolate. All the isolates were sensitive to ofloxacin and the commonly used ocular antibiotics. All the isolated bacteria were sensitive to ofloxacin, a fluoroquinolone. Having marked potency for broad-spectrum activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, make the fluoroquinolones especially the newer generations, a potential single drug therapy for corneal infections

IS6110 restriction fragment length polymorphism of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated from patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in Campinas, Brazil: evidence of intercontinental distribution of strains

Tuberculosis (TB) is a major concern in developing countries. In Brazil, few genotyping studies have been conducted to verify the number of IS6110 copies present in local prevalent strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the distribution and clustering of strains. IS6110 DNA fingerprinting was performed on a sample of M. tuberculosis isolates from patients with AFB smear-positive pulmonary TB, at a hospital in Brazil. The IS6110 profiles were analyzed and compared to a M. tuberculosis database of the Houston Tuberculosis Initiative, Houston, US. Seventy-six fingerprints were obtained from 98 patients. All M. tuberculosis strains had an IS6110 copy number between 5-21 allowing for differentiation of the isolates. Human immunodeficiency virus infection was confirmed in nearly half the patients of whom data was available. Fifty-eight strains had unique patterns, while 17 strains were grouped in 7 clusters (2 to 6 strains). When compared to the HTI database, 6 strains matched isolates from El Paso, Ciudad de Juarez, Houston, and New York. Recently acquired infections were documented in 19 percent of cases. The community transmission of infection is intense, since some clustered strains were recovered during the four-year study period. The intercontinental dissemination of M. tuberculosis strains is suspected by demonstration of identical fingerprints in a distant country

Prevalence of H.influenzae biotypes and their clinical significance in a University Hospital

Hemophilus influenzae is an important pathogen that is responsible for invasive and non-invasive infections in both children and adults. This study aims to assess the relationship of biotypes to the sites of infection, serotypes, antimicrobial susceptibility, b-lactamase production and age. A total of 200 isolates of H.influenzae were obtained from clinical specimens over a period of 12 months from January 2001 through to January 2002 from King Abdul-Aziz University Hospital, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Most of the strains were non-typable and were isolated from patients with non-invasive infections. The typable isolates from invasive infections mostly serotype b were isolated from blood, cerebrospinal fluid and hip joint aspirate. Biotype II accounted for 37% of the isolates followed by biotypes III and I [29.5% and 23%]. The remaining 10.5% were made up of biotypes IV, V, VI and VII. A significantly high resistance to cotrimoxazole [33.5%] and ampicillin [19%] was observed. Two point five% of the isolates were resistant to chloramphenicol. All the isolates resistant to ampicillin were b-lactamase producers and susceptible to cefuroxime, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin and rifampicin. This study revealed that biotypes II and III are the predominant biotypes of H.influenzae found in non-invasive infections. There is an apparent relationship between biotype and site of infection which could be useful as an epidemiological marker

Criocoagulador para cirurgia pélvica laparoscópica / Cryocoagulator for laparoscopic pelvic surgery

Os autores apresentam o protótipo de um Criocoagulador para Cirurgia Pélvica Laparoscópica, fabricado, sob encomenda, pela INBRACRIOS- Indústria Brasileira de Crios (Ribeiräo Preto, Säo Paulo), cujo diâmetro e comprimento säo adequados para segunda punçäo. A temperatura de sua extremidade atingue aproximadamente -70ºC, devido a um fluxo de gás carbônico, injetado a uma pressäo que varia de 30 a 45 Kg cm2, em aproximadamente um minuto. O instrumento foi usado experimentalmente em coelhas, a fim de se observar os efeitos da criocoagulaçäo sobre o peritônio visceral da bexiga, do reto, do útero e da trompa e, também sobre a superfície do ovário. Amostras das áreas coaguladoras foram colhidas em uma hora, um dia, e semanalmente durante seis semanas, para Exame Histopatológico, e demonstraram necrose de coagulaçäo seguida de formaçäo de cicatriz. Os autores concluem que a criocoagulaçäo poderia ser usada como um método alternativo, seguro e pouco dispendioso, para tratamento da Endometriose Pélvica mínima e moderada, mas reconhecem que estudos mais aprofundados säo necessários para demonstrar a eficiência e a segurança de seu uso em mulheres