Résumé
Introduction: Deranged immunologic capability has been widely implicated in diabetic subjects. It is not well documented if dysfunctional humoral antibodies that occur in DM leads to susceptibility to infections as a result of poor glycaemic control or a reaction that occurs when the infection has already set in. We sought to evaluate the pattern of humoral immune response in Nigerians with Diabetic mellitus with and without complications and its association with glycaemic control indices. Methods: This was a cross sectional analytical study conducted on 150 people with type 2 DM between the ages of 38 and 80 years and 75 age and sex matched healthy controls. Presence of co morbidities and complications was sought for in the subjects. DM subjects were subdivided into early onset (less than five years duration) and long standing (greater than five years duration). Glycaemic control was assessed using fasting plasma glucose, fructosamine and glycosylated haemoglobin. Plasma immunoglobulins A, G, and M were estimated using elisa method. Results: The mean levels of all the studied immunoglobulins were comparable in DM and healthy controls save for immunoglobulin M which was significantly lower in DM. A significantly inverse association was observed between immunoglobulin G with fructosamine (r = – 0.356, p = 0.030) and glycosylated haemoglobin (r = -0.352, p = 0.026). Immunoglobulin M was negatively associated with systolic blood pressure (r = – 0.269, p = 0.034 ) and diastolic blood pressure (r = – 0.257, p = 0.044). Conclusion: Plasma levels of Immunoglobulin M are lower in subjects with DM than in people without DM. Plasma Immunoglobulin G and M levels are significantly and inversely associated with glycaemic control indices and blood pressures respectively in DM subjects.
Résumé
ntroduction: Deranged immunologic capability has been widely implicated in diabetic subjects. It is not well documented if dysfunctional humoral antibodies that occur in DM leads to susceptibility to infections as a result of poor glycaemic control or a reaction that occurs when the infection has already set in. We sought to evaluate the pattern of humoral immune response in Nigerians with Diabetic mellitus with and without complications and its association with glycaemic control indices. Methods: This was a cross sectional analytical study conducted on 150 people with type 2 DM between the ages of 38 and 80 years and 75 age and sex matched healthy controls. Presence of co morbidities and complications was sought for in the subjects. DM subjects were subdivided into early onset (less than five years duration) and long standing (greater than five years duration). Glycaemic control was assessed using fasting plasma glucose, fructosamine and glycosylated haemoglobin. Plasma immunoglobulins A, G, and M were estimated using elisa method. Results: The mean levels of all the studied immunoglobulins were comparable in DM and healthy controls save for immunoglobulin M which was significantly lower in DM. A significantly inverse association was observed between immunoglobulin G with fructosamine (r = – 0.356, p = 0.030) and glycosylated haemoglobin (r = -0.352, p = 0.026). Immunoglobulin M was negatively associated with systolic blood pressure (r = – 0.269, p = 0.034 ) and diastolic blood pressure (r = – 0.257, p = 0.044). Conclusion: Plasma levels of Immunoglobulin M are lower in subjects with DM than in people without DM. Plasma Immunoglobulin G and M levels are significantly and inversely associated with glycaemic control indices and blood pressures respectively in DM subjects.
Résumé
Introduction: Thyroid associated endocrinopathies are the second most common endocrine disorders, after diabetes mellitus in women and are more prevalent in women during their reproductive ages. Diagnosing thyroid disease in pregnancy can be difficult as the clinical signs and symptoms mimic those of pregnancy. This study was done to document the pattern and prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in Nigerian pregnant women. Materials and Methods: This was a cross sectional analytical study carried out on 264 Nigerian pregnant females and 75 aged matched healthy controls. Thyroid hormones, blood glucose, urinalysis and blood pressure were determined. Pregnant females were categorized into normal pregnancy, gestational hypertensive and gestational trimesters. Results: The mean age (SD) of participants with normal pregnancy was 29.82 (4.39 years). This was comparable with those with gestational hypertensive 31.78 (4.46 years) (p = 0.062). The mean ± SD of plasma levels of free T4 (0.37±0.16 ng/dl) in participants with normal pregnancy was significantly higher than those with gestational hypertensive (0.28±0.33 ng/dl), (p = 0.034). Intra trimester comparison of the participants with thyroid dysfunction showed subclinical hypothyroidism was present in 11.11%, 3.85% and 20.35% in first, second and third trimester respectively. Conclusion: Subclinical hypothyroidism is the most commonly documented of the thyroid dysfunctional status in Nigerian pregnant females.