Résumé
Owning to therapeutic properties, flixweed and marsh mallow have traditionally been very important in Iran. In this research study the effect of various concentrations of ethanol flixweed seed and marsh mallow root extracts, collected from different areas of Iran, was studied on Streptococcus pyogenes; the effect of the extract with antibiotics of penicillin, erythromycin and amoxicillin was compared in a completely randomized design with four replications. In this experimental study, discs impregnated with concentrations of 25, 50, 100, 250 mg/mL were prepared from ethanol extract of flixweed concentration in Jiroft, Baghin, Rafsanjan and Kohbanan as well as marsh mallow root extract in Tehran, Isfahan, Yazd and Kerman. Then, they were placed on culture medium of blood agar that S. pyogenes has grown on. Finally, inhibitory effect was evaluated. The results showed that, among different areas and available antibiotics, the highest inhibition zone was related to marsh mallow root extract of Yazd in concentration of 250 mg/mL with 14.5 mm. Beta hemolysis was observed on concentrations of 50, 100 and 250 mg/mL of flixweed seed extracts in all areas; thus, these concentrations are not suitable for producing herbal medicine. Concentration of 25 mg/mL, however, showed no hemolysis in all areas. The best extract to produce herbal medicines with flixweed seed was related to concentrations of 25 mg/mL. Penicillin had the highest inhibition zone with 8.31 mm. Considering the significant difference in the level of 0.01%, marsh mallow root extracts have more anti-bacterial effect than flixweed seed extracts
Résumé
We investigate the characteristic of a suitable irradiation on skin's tensional strength using of experiments [DOE]. The experiments in this research are designed in two phases and data envelopment analysis [DEA] is used for performance measurement of each phase. Samples were provided from pleura as surface tissue made of collagen and elastin fibers. In each experiment, the sample was stretched before and after irradiation. Variation of the sample length was measured. Then force-length data were plotted and the slope of the fitted line was calculated. Variation in these slopes was used as a criterion to determine tissue strength variation after laser irradiation. Furthermore, the output oriented DEA model by variable return to scale was used to examine performance of the designed experiments for each phase. Results of the first phase experiments showed that the main effect of time duration was significant; but this was not the case for beam radius. Regarding polarization, only its interaction effect with time duration was significant. Results of the second phase indicated that laser effect with time duration was significant. Results of the second phase indicated that laser irradiation with parallel polarization for 10 seconds caused a greater increase in tensional strength. Resultant efficiencies of applying DEA showed that the first phase experiments were more efficient. This research has combined DEA and DOE to investigate the effects of laser on skin elasticity. Comparing the results of the two phases indicates that it is more efficient to use the experimental design of phase 1 in our experiment. So far similar future studies, we suggest using more levels for experiments of phase 1 instead of doing the experimental design in two phases