Medicina perioperatoria para operación cesárea / Perioperative medicine in cesarian section

INTRODUCTION: Caesarean section is the most frequent surgery worldwide, the ideal rate for this procedure should be 19%, currently it's on the rise worldwide. To reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with anesthetic-surgical procedures in pregnant patients, correct perioperative assessment is necessary, capable of recognizing the risks to which these patients are exposed and being able to create strategies to reduce them. OBJECTIVE: The patients present risks inherent of pregnancy condition. The following work is carried out with the aim of prioritizing the preoperative assessment for the patient undergoing cesarean delivery to reduce maternal-fetal morbidity and mortality associated with anesthetic-surgical procedures. METHODOLOGY: A non-systematized bibliographic search was carried out in Pubmed, Medline, Portal Timbo, Scielo databases to evaluate the perioperative management of cesarean section. The reference keywords used were "cesarean section", "anesthesia", "perioperative care", "maternal mortality". RESULTS: A review of the perioperative management for cesarean section was carried out, emphasizing the recognition of risks to which the patients are exposed and strategies to reduce them are proposed with the aim of reducing the morbidity and mortality of the patients. CONCLUSIONS: Patients undergoing cesarean delivery have a high risk of complications, the most common are presented in the manipulation of the airway, aspiration of gastric content, infections, bleeding, and thrombosis, recognizing these risks and acting on each one of them can reduce the morbidity and mortality of patients.

INTRODUCCIÓN: La cesárea es la cirugía más frecuente a nivel mundial, actualmente la misma viene en ascenso. Para disminuir la morbimortalidad asociada a los procedimientos anestésico-quirúrgicos en la paciente embarazada es necesario una correcta valoración perioperatoria capaz de reconocer los riesgos a los cuales estas pacientes están expuestas y poder crear estrategias para disminuir los mismos. OBJETIVO: Las pacientes presentan riesgos inherentes a su condición de gravidez. Se realiza el siguiente trabajo con el objetivo de priorizar la valoración preoperatoria para la paciente sometida a parto por cesárea con la finalidad de disminuir la morbimortalidad materno-fetal asociada a procedimientos anestésicoquirúrgicos. METODOLOGÍA: Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica no sistematizada en bases de datos Pubmed, Medline, Portal Timbo, Scielo, para evaluar el manejo perioperatorio de la cesárea. Se utilizaron como palabras clave de referencia "cesarean section", "anesthesia", "perioperative care", "maternal mortality". RESULTADOS: Se realizó una revisión del manejo perioperatorio para la cesárea, se realiza énfasis en el reconocimiento de riesgos a los cuales las pacientes están expuestas y se plantean estrategias de disminución de estos con el objetivo de reducir la morbimortalidad de las pacientes. CONCLUSIONES: Las pacientes sometidas a parto por cesárea presentan alto riesgo de complicaciones, las más comunes se presentan en la manipulación de la vía aérea, aspiración de contenido gástrico, infecciones, sangrado y trombosis, reconociendo dichos riesgos y actuando sobre cada uno de ellos se puede disminuir la morbimortalidad de las pacientes.

Arachnidism, scorpionism and ophidism in Ouro Preto Municipality, Minas Gerais State, Brazil

Abstract: INTRODUCTION This retrospective study shows the profile of arachnidism, ophidism, and scorpionism in the Ouro Preto Municipality, Brazil, from January 2007 to December 2013. METHODS The data were gathered from forms of the Epidemiological Surveillance Sector of the town's Health's Municipal Secretary. RESULTS Of the 412 envenomations, 308 were caused by spiders, 78 by scorpions, and 26 by snakes. The highest number of incidents involved people aged 20-34 years. Females were more affected than males. There were no reports of death. CONCLUSIONS The results show that envenomations caused by spiders, scorpions and snakes have decreased in recent years.