The Patient Satisfaction with Pharmacist Services Questionnaire (PSPSQ 2. 0) translation and validation study of the Urdu version

The study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the Urdu version of Patient Satisfaction with Pharmacist Services Questionnaire (PSPSQ 2.0). We applied the forward-backward procedure to translate the PSPSQ 2.0 in the Urdu language. The test-retest reliability was assessed through Cronbach's alpha reliability analysis. The validity of the translated PSPSQ 2.0 was constructed by using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) through principal axis factoring extraction and Oblique rotation with Kaiser Normalization onto 2 predetermined factors. The Quality of Care (QOC) construct exhibited Cronbach's alpha values of 0.900 (Test) and α = 0.871 (Retest) at two-time points. The Interpersonal Relationship (IPR) Construct had alpha values of 0.845 (Test) and α = 0.819 (Retest). The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure of sampling adequacy for the factor analysis was 0.899. Barlett's Test of Sphericity was significant (Chi-square = 1192.72; p < 0.05) revealing relationships of the data and suitability of CFA. Two factors explaining the total variance of 40% were extracted whereby loading values were acceptable (> 0.50) for all items of the translated version of PSPSQ 2.0. Results of this study conclude that the translated version of PSPSQ 2.0 is a valid instrument in regions where Urdu is a prime language of communication

Is oncolytic virotherapy a viable platform for glioma treatment?

Gliomas are devastating cancers of the nervous system with poor prognosis. Their aggressiveness produces a mortality rate rarely seen with other malignant tumours and the lack of effective treatment has left very few options. On-colytic viruses, with their long history of experimentation, have been deemed to be a key player in the future treatment of gliomas. This review will focus on the two main contenders, adenovirus and herpes simplex virus, for glioma treatment and discuss how far the field has come since its conception. The concept of each vector and the rationales behind their use will be contrasted before discussing the future of the field. Data was located by accessing the MEDLINE database using the PubMed search system. Data was selected on the basis of the insight its information provided as well as on the dependability of the experimental method used