Résumé
The prevalence of the allergic diseases increased considerably during the last decades. The clinical expression of allergy depends on the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. The aim of our study was to evaluate the prevalence of sensitizing to aeroallergens in the child and to determine the risk factors of sensitizing. We carried out a cross-sectional study relating to 200 pediatric patients of the Mahmoud El Matri hospital, aged from 3 to14 years. We performed skin prick test to 12 current aeroallergens. The prevalence of sensitizing to aeroallergens was 14%. Acarina [DP and/or DF] represented the allergens accused in the majority of the cases [96,4% of the cases]. The statistical analysis of the various risk factors of sensitizing showed that these factors were: the presence of a family atopy [p= 0,0034] particularly a maternal asthma [p< 0,001], the personal atopy specially an asthma, an allergic rhinitis or eczema atopic [p< 10-5], the short breast-feeding [p= 0,033] and the home humidity [p=0,0072]. Several risk factors reported in the literature did not seem to intervene in our study [the passive smoking, the urban dweling, the age of food diversification, infections at the low age]. The prevalence of sensitizing to aeroallergens is relatively high in our series. Many factors could explain the increase of the allergic diseases. Our study stresses the importance of the genetic, nutritional and environmental factors in the appearance of aeroallergens sensitization