Advances in the role of prostaglandins in patent ductus arteriosus / 国际儿科学杂志

The ductus arteriosus is an important lifeline for fetal circulation.Prostaglandins（PG）are involved in the dilatation of the ductus arteriosus during fetal life as well as the anatomical remodeling of the ductus arteriosus after birth. Patent ductus arteriosus（PDA）is a common congenital heart disease in preterm infants.The treatment by inhibiting local PG synthesis is currently the principal means of clinical practice，with indomethacin and ibuprofen being the most commonly applied drugs，but the prevalence of adverse effects has led scholars to focus on other targets of the PG synthesis pathway. This paper reviews relevant medications and combines the physiological effects of PG on ductus arteriosus in different stages to summarize the current drugs of treating PDA and their related research advances，with the aim to provide new strategies for the treatment and future research of this condition.

Interpretation of the clinical practice guidelines for Ketamine in total joint arthroplasty in 2022 / 国际外科学杂志

The American Association of Hip and Knee Surgeons, the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, and the American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine collaborated to develop an evidence-based study about the safe and effective use of Ketamine in total joint arthroplasty(TJA). Based on the systematic review and Meta-analysis of several studies, the following conclusions are drawn: Ketamine can effectively relieve the postoperative pain of patients; Ketamine can effectively reduce the occurrence of postoperative nausea and vomiting; Ketamine can reduce the use of postoperative opioids; intraoperative use of Ketamine does not increase the incidence of postoperative adverse reactions. The above conclusions are graded according to the strength of evidence support. This article interprets the guidelines to provide reference for addressing the effectiveness and safety of Ketamine use in TJA.

Network meta-analysis on efficacy and safety of different biological agents in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis / 中国组织工程研究

OBJECTIVE:There are many kinds of biological agents for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis in clinic,but the differences in therapeutic efficacy and safety are still unclear.The purpose of this study is to compare the differences in effectiveness and safety of different biological agents for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. METHODS:CNKI,VIP,WanFang,China Biomedical Literature System,PubMed,Cochrane Library,Web of Science,and Embase databases were searched to collect the randomized controlled trials on biological agents for rheumatoid arthritis that meet the requirements from inception to October 1,2022.The literature was selected by EndNote software,and the quality of the included literature was evaluated by RevMan 5.3 software.The software Stata 14.2 was used for direct meta-analysis and network meta-analysis of ACR20(American College of Rheumatology 20%response),ACR50(American College of Rheumatology 50%response),ACR70(American College of Rheumatology 70%response),erythrocyte sedimentation rate,and adverse reactions. RESULTS:Totally 39 articles were included,including 5 low-risk articles,4 high-risk articles,and the remaining 30 articles contained unknown risk bias,with a total of 13 treatment measures.The results of network meta-analysis:(1)In ACR20,infliximab combined with methotrexate(OR=5.54,95%CI:1.33-23.01,P<0.05),abatacept+methotrexate tablets(OR=3.21,95%CI:1.13-9.10,P<0.05),and tocilizumab(OR=2.95,95%CI:1.61-5.44,P<0.05)were better than methotrexate tablets.The probabilistic ranking of ACR20 was:infliximab+methotrexate tablets>abatacept+methotrexate tablets>tocilizumab>certlizumab>etanercept+methotrexate tablets.(2)In the aspect of ACR50,etanercept combined with methotrexate tablets(OR=4.04,95%CI:2.13-7.66,P<0.05),infliximab combined with methotrexate tablets(OR=4.79,95%CI:1.19-19.26,P<0.05),and tocilizumab combined with methotrexate tablets(OR=3.54,95%CI:1.36-9.22,P<0.05)had better therapeutic effects than methotrexate tablets.The probabilistic ranking of ACR50 was:etanercept+methotrexate tablets>infliximab+methotrexate tablets>tocilizumab+methotrexate tablets>tocilizumab>certlizumab+methotrexate tablets.(3)In terms of ACR70,the therapeutic effects of infliximab combined with methotrexate tablets(OR=8.00,95%CI:2.31-27.69,P<0.05),etanercept combined with methotrexate tablets(OR=4.26,95%CI:2.51-7.21,P<0.05),and tocilizumab combined with methotrexate tablets(OR=3.51,95%CI:1.82-6.80,P<0.05)were better than methotrexate tablets.The probabilistic ranking of ACR70 was infliximab+methotrexate tablets>etanercept+methotrexate tablets>tocilizumab+methotrexate tablets>certlizumab>adalimumab+methotrexate tablets.(4)In erythrocyte sedimentation rate,etanercept combined with methotrexate tablets(SMD=-9.23,95%CI:-16.55 to-1.92,P<0.05)was better than etanercept and methotrexate tablets(SMD=14.59,95%CI:7.28-21.91,P<0.05).The probabilistic ranking of erythrocyte sedimentation rate was etanercept+methotrexate tablets>infliximab+methotrexate tablets>etanercept>adalimumab+methotrexate tablets>methotrexate tablets.(5)In terms of adverse reactions,placebo(OR=0.62,95%CI:0.39-0.99,P<0.05)was better than infliximab and certlizumab(OR=0.44,95%CI:0.25-0.78,P<0.05).The probabilistic ranking of adverse reactions was placebo>infliximab>etanercept+methotrexate tablets>certlizumab>etanercept. CONCLUSION:Based on evidence from 39 randomized controlled trials,infliximab combined with methotrexate tablets(highly recommended)can be the first choice in clinic,and etanercept combined with methotrexate tablets(highly recommended)can be the second choice in terms of good effectiveness and safety.

Effect of mindfulness-based therapy on postoperative cognitive function and sleep quality in elderly patients after surgery under local anesthesia / 四川精神卫生

BackgroundPostoperative cognitive dysfunction （POCD） is a common complication in elderly patients after surgery， and has a great impact on postoperative rehabilitation of patients. ObjectiveTo explore the effect of mindfulness-based therapy on cognitive function and sleep quality in elderly patients after surgery under local anesthesia， so as to provide references for reducing their incidence risk of POCD and improving sleep quality. MethodsThe simple random sampling method was utilized to select 78 elderly patients who underwent surgery under local anesthesia in The Third Hospital of Mianyang from March 2022 to March 2023. Participants were assigned into study group and control group， each with 39 cases. All patients were subjected to conventional treatment and nursing interventions， and study group added mindfulness-based therapy on this basis. Mini-Mental State Examination （MMSE） was administered to patients on 1 day before surgery， and on the 1st， 3rd and 5th day after surgery. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index （PSQI） was employed on 1 day before surgery and on the 3rd day after surgery. ResultsMMSE scores revealed a significant time effect， group effect and time×group interaction effect （F=78.251， 197.071， 371.915， P<0.05）. Analysis of simple effect denoted that study group scored higher on MMSE on the 1st， 3rd and 5th day after surgery compared with control group， with statistical significance （t=-3.579， -1.764， -0.253， P<0.05）. Study group reported lower incidence rates of POCD on the 1st， 3rd and 5th day after surgery compared with control group， with statistical significance （χ2=2.631， 3.471， 5.135， P<0.05）. On the 3rd day after surgery，study group scored lower on PSQI than control group（P<0.05）， and PSQI total score， sleep latency， subjective sleep quality， daytime dysfunction and hypnotic drug use factor scores of study group were lower than baseline， with statistical significance（F=43.175， 12.594， 11.092， 4.579， 3.514， P<0.01）. ConclusionMindfulness-based therapy may have certain value in reducing incidence of POCD and improving sleep quality in elderly patients who underwent surgery under local anesthesia.

PIEZO1 Channel is Involved in Electric Field Guided Cell Migration / 生物化学与生物物理进展

ObjectiveDisruption of epithelial layer may instantaneously induce the generation of endogenous electric fields, which was proved to play an important role in guiding the cell migration and promoting wound healing. PIEZO1 is a kind of mechanic sensitive channel, may be regulated by voltage, is proved to involve in chemotactic migration of cells and play an important role in the process of wound healing. In this paper, the role of PIEZO1 and its downstream proteins FAK and integrin β1 in the electric field guided cell migration were investigated by HaCaT cells (human immortalized keratinocyte). MethodsCell migration was tracked by Living Cell Imaging System in directed current (DC) electric field (EF). Inhibitors and RNAi techniques were applied to study the function of PIEZO1 and other related proteins in electric fields. Western blot was used to detect the expression and phosphorylation levels of integrin β1 and FAK in electric field guided migration under EF stimulation. ResultsPiezo1 RNAi as well as Ruthenium red and GsMTx4 treatment all significantly inhibited the electrotaxis of HaCaT cells. Electric field stimulation with GsMTx4 treatment alone increased FAK phosphorylation level and the expression of integrin β1. Electric field promoted the expression level of integrin β1 and the phosphorylation level of FAK. Inhibiting the expression of PIEZO1 by RNAi significantly attenuated the phosphorylation level of FAK under EF stimulation. Inhibition of integrin β1 and FAK by inhibitor significantly decrease the electric field guided cell migration. ConclusionPIEZO1 as well as integrin β1 and FAK are involved in the electric field guided cell migration of HaCaT cells. Electric field signals regulate the expression of integrin β1 and the activation of FAK through PIEZO1-mediated signal pathway to orchestrate cell migration.

Crossmodal Transfer and Its Cognitive Neural Mechanisms / 生物化学与生物物理进展

Crossmodal transfer is the ability to apply the knowledge acquired in one sensory modality to another. Researches on crossmodal transfer investigate how the brain represents information from different sensory modalities, and provide new insights to improve cognitive processing efficiency and reduce repeated learning. To clarify the characteristics and mechanism of crossmodal transfer, this article first introduced the crossmodal transfer effect in different field of research, such as object recognition, category learning, and time perception. After that, the theoretical researches on the representation type of crossmodal transfer were reviewed, mainly including multisensory theory and multisensory mental imagery theory as well as the supportive and opposite findings. The research progresses on the neural mechanism of crossmodal transfer using ERP and fMRI techniques were introduced, mainly including metamodal theory, and multisensory reverse hierarchy theory as well as the supportive and opposite findings. The objective and subjective factors which influenced crossmodal transfer effect were sorted out, in which we suggested that the modality dominance phenomenon supports the metamodal theory, while other factors such as sensory experience, age, setting of learning tasks and stimulus features support theories such as the multisensory hypothesis. Finally, we described the potential applications of the current research findings on crossmodal transfer and pointed out future research questions in this field.

Research progress on the role of circular RNA in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy / 中国临床药理学与治疗学

Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a major cause of newborn mortality and childhood disability. Despite hypothermia treatment being the current standard method, it has its limitations and often produces unsatisfactory outcomes. Additionally, due to time and equipment constraints, hypothermia treatment cannot be promptly administered, leading to high mortality rates or varying levels of neurological impairments even after treatment. Hence, the exploration of alternative and effective treatment methods for HIE has become a challenging and highly researched topic in the field of neonatology. Research has shown that HIE induces intricate changes in the neurological system at the physiological, cellular, and molecular levels. Circular RNA (circRNA) exhibits high expression in the central nervous system and plays a role in regulating physiological and pathophysiological processes. Therefore, circRNA holds promise as a potential therapeutic target for HIE. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the regulatory effects of circRNA on different types of neural cells in HIE, aiming to offer new theoretical foundations for the treatment of HIE.

Study of labor Process Management and Perinatal Outcome in Pregnant Women Colonized with Group B Streptococcus / 医学研究杂志

Objective To study the labor process management and perinatal outcome in full-term pregnant women colonized with group B streptococcus.Methods The clinical data of 355 full-term pregnant women with positive GBS screening(the positive GBS group)and 355 full-term pregnant women with negative GBS screening(the negative GBS group)from October 2020 to November 2021,in the department of obstetrics and gynecology of the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical Uni-versity were collected.The labor characteristics,duration of rupture of membranes and perinatal outcome were compared between the two groups.Results In the positive GBS group,the incidences of intrapartum fever,postpartum fever,hospital stays,histological chorioam-nionitis,neonatal admission to neonatal intensive care unit(NICU),and neonatal sepsis were higher than those in the negative GBS group(P＜0.05).There was no significant difference between the two groups with mode of initiation of labor,mode of delivery,premature rup-ture of membrane,clinical chorioamnionitis,duration of rupture of membranes,the first stage of labor,the active stage,the second stage of labor,birth weight of newborn,gender of newborn,fetal distress,and neonatal jaundice(P＞0.05).According to the difference of in-terval between rupture of the fetal membranes,the positive GBS group was divided into three groups:＜12 hours group,≥12 and＜24 hours group,and ≥ 24 hours group.The＜12 hours group was selected as the control group.In the ≥ 12 and＜24 hours group,the first stage of labor,active stage,second stage of labor,and hospital stay were longer than those in the control group.The incidence of prema-ture rupture of membranes of term and forceps delivery was higher than that in the control group(P＜0.05).In the ≥ 24 hours group,the first stage of labor,second stage of labor,and hospital stay were longer than those in the control group.The incidence of premature rup-ture of membranes of term,intrapartum fever,postpartum fever,histological chorioamnionitis,and cesarean section was higher than that in the control group(P＜0.05).In the GBS positive group,there was no significant difference between neonatal sepsis and neonatal no-sepsis of mode of initiation of labor,mode of delivery,type of rupture of membranes,histological chorioamnionitis,duration of rupture of membranes,and duration of labor(P＞0.05).Conclusion The labor process is not affected by GBS.However,GBS increases the risk of maternal and infant infection.The full-term women colonized with group B streptococcus delivery within 24 hours after rupture of membranes,which can shorten labor,reduce labor complications,and improve adverse perinatal outcomes.

Effect of Inverse Ratio Ventilation on Respiratory Mechanics and Postoperative Pulmonary Complications in Morbidly Obese Patients Under-going Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy / 医学研究杂志

Objective To observe the effects of inverse ratio ventilation on respiratory mechanics and postoperative pulmonary com-plications in morbidly obese patients during laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy Methods A total of 62 morbidly obese patients for a laparo-scopic sleeve gastrectomy were scheduled(18-65 years old,BMI≥35kg/m2 in combination with diabetes,hypertension,hyperlipemia,and other metabolic diseases,or BMI≥40kg/m2,ASA Ⅱ or Ⅲ).Patients were randomly assigned to two groups:inverse ratio ventilation group(IRV)and control group(PVG).Two groups were adjusted with an actual tidal volume(VT)of 7-8ml/kg,and respiratory rates of 12 breaths/min.In the IRV group,the ratio of I∶E was 2∶1;in the control group,the ratio of I∶E was 1∶2.We recorded the indexes of respiratory mechanics and the blood gas at the baseline(T0),5min after anesthesia(T,),15min after pneumoperitoneum(T2),30min after pneumoperitoneum(T3),60min after pneumoperitoneum(T4)and the end of surgery(T5),and the occurrence of pulmonary com-plications on day 1,day 2 after operation was observed,and the cumulative incidence of PPCs at 7 days was counted.Results Compared to the control group,the dynamic lung compliance(Cdyn),mean airway pressure(Pmean),positive end expiratory pressure(PEEP),and the PaO2 at T,-T5 of the inverse ventilation group were increased significantly(P＜0.05),the Ppeak、Pplat at T2-T5 and dynamic lung compliance(VD/VT)at T3-T5 were decreased significantly(P＜0.05),and no difference in the PaCO2 and PETCO2 in the two groups.Grade 1 pulmonary complications occurred in both groups,and there was no difference in the total occurrence of pulmonary com-plications at 7 days.Conclusion Inverse ventilation effectively may improve respiratory mechanics and oxygenation in morbidly obese pa-tients undergoing laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy.

Preliminary development of Health Literacy Evaluation Scale for Pupils / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To preliminarily develop Health Literacy Scale for pupils, providing a tool for dynamic monitoring and related health literacy research among pupils.@*Methods@#Through policy and literature review, the health literacy evaluation index system of pupils was established. Through two rounds of expert consultation, the evaluation index system and scale item pool of three levels in primary school were formed, and "Evaluation Scale 1.0" was developed. Through two panel discussions, health education experts, teachers and students were invited to provide advices on the content, expression and structure of scale 1.0, turning it into "Evaluation Scale 2.0", and completing the preliminary development of the scale.@*Results@#The health literacy assessment index system of primary school students includes three levels，including level-1 was Grade 1-2, level-2 was Grade 3-4,level-3 was Grade 5-6, covering two level indexes. The scale for primary school students contained five horizontal dimensions and four vertical dimensions. In the Delphi consultation, the response rate was 100%, and the authority coefficient was 0.85. After item selection and modification, the final version of level-1, level-2 and level-3 scales contained 36, 44 and 50 items respectively.@*Conclusion@#The development of Health Literacy Evaluation Scale for pupils has high applicability and practical value.

Effects of long-term oral administration of antipsychotic clozapine on the ocular surface / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To study the effects of long-term use of clozapine on tear film stability and ocular surface tissue structure.METHODS: Case-control study was conducted on 45 patients(group 1)who were diagnosed with schizophrenia and treated with clozapine for 3.45±0.72a between March 2021 and December 2021. Another 45 healthy subjects(group 2)served as controls, whose demographic characteristics were similar to those of group 1. Patients' dry eye symptoms were investigated using OSDI questionnaire, tear secretion was detected by the Schirmer I test, ocular surface damage was assessed by the ocular surface staining score, and comprehensive ophthalmic examination was performed on all patients through LipiView ocular surface interferometer, ocular surface integrated analyzer, corneal confocal microscope and slit lamp photographic system.RESULTS: Slit-lamp photography showed diffuse grayish-white spot-like opacification in the corneal stroma of group 1, accompanied by brown star-like opacification in the center of the anterior capsule of the lens. OSDI scores were 38.00(31.50, 48.50)and 15.00(9.00, 19.50)in the two groups respectively. Schirmer test showed that the group 1 was 5.27±2.18mm/5min, while group 2 was 15.62±3.05mm/5min. Corneal fluorescein staining score: 4.00(2.50, 5.00)for group 1 and 1.00(0.00, 1.50)for group 2. The lissamine green staining score for the conjunctiva was 9.00(6.50, 10.00)and 3.00(2.00, 3.50)for the two groups, respectively. LipiView detected lipid layer thickness(LLT), suggesting that the results of group 1 and group 2 were similar, respectively 75.91±15.51 and 77.24±12.11nm; and the results were similar for the lid gland deficiency score, with 1.37±0.26 and 1.29±0.31 points, respectively. The mean tear meniscus height in group 1 was 0.13±0.06mm, which was lower than 0.23±0.04mm of group 2. Non-invasive breakup time(NIBUT)was 6.04±2.62 and 11.4±2.74s in group 1 and group 2 respectively. OSDI score, Schirmer Ⅰ test, ocular surface staining score, tear meniscus height and NIBUT were significantly different between the two groups(P&#x003C;0.05). Confocal corneal microscopy suggested decreased corneal nerve fiber density with stromal layer inflammatory cell infiltration and pigmentation in group 1.CONCLUSION: The antipsychotic drug clozapine can induce dry eye with a range of ocular surface injuries such as corneal pigmentation, and patients who taking such drugs should be routinely examined by an ophthalmologist.

Role of glutathione transferase in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: An analysis based on gene expression profile / 临床肝胆病杂志

Objective To investigate the role of glutathione transferase in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) induced by high-fat diet using the RNA-Seq technique in combination with gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses of differentially expressed genes. Methods A total of 14 male C57BL/6J mice were divided into control group with 6 mice and model group with 8 mice by random sampling. The mice in the control group were fed with normal diet, and those in the model group were fed with high-fat diet for 7 consecutive weeks to establish a model of NAFLD. Kits were used to measure the activities of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and the level of triglyceride (TG), and HE staining and oil red staining were used to observe liver pathology and deposition of lipid droplets. Liver tissue RNA was extracted for RNA-Seq, and genes with a fold change of ≥2.0 and a P value of 0.05). Compared with the control group, the model group had a significantly higher serum level of TG (2.02±0.50 mmol/L vs 1.00±0.29 mmol/L, t =-4.45, P =0.001). HE staining showed diffuse steatosis and ballooning degeneration in the model group, and oil red staining showed that the model group had a significant increase in orange-red lipid droplets in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes and a significantly higher grade of hepatocyte steatosis than the control group (1.88±0.64 vs 1.00±0.00, t =-3.86, P =0.006). RNA-seq results showed a total of 1367 differentially expressed genes between the two groups, among which there were 608 upregulated genes and 759 downregulated genes, and there were 17 differentially expressed GST genes between the two groups. The top 10 GST genes in terms of fold change were validated, and compared with the control group, the model group had downregulated expression of GSTa2, GSTa3, GSTa4, GSTm1, GSTm2, GSTm3, GSTm4, GSTp1, and GSTo1 and upregulated expression of GSTk1. The results of qRT-PCR were consistent with the results of sequencing. Conclusion GST affects lipid metabolism by participating in various biological processes such as steroid metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, and cholesterol metabolism and is closely associated with the pathogenesis of NAFLD.

Treatment of Critical COVID-19 Case Complicated with Multiple Organ Dysfunction based on “Cold-dampness Entering Ying （营）” Theory： A Case Report / 中医杂志

“Cold-dampness entering ying （营）” is the key to the worsening of cold-dampness epidemic， and is more common in the elderly or critically ill cases of cold-dampness epidemic with pathogen exuberance and healthy qi deficiency. This paper reported a case of critically ill COVID-19 combined with multiple organ dysfunction treated by integrative traditional Chinese and western medicine based on “cold-dampness entering ying” theory. The patient did not have high fever after being infected with SARS-Cov-2， but D-dimer continued to increase， and she developed multiple thrombosis throughout the body and multiple organ dysfunctions such as pulmonary embolism， edema， oliguria， and shock. The patient were with enlarged and dusky tongue， with yellow， thick and greasy coating， and sublingual blood stasis， and thready， rapid and rough pulse. All these were characteristic manifestations of “cold-dampness entering ying”， and was differentiated as cold-dampness stasis. For the treatment， symptomatic and supportive western medicine of improving heart function， anti-infection， relieving asthma， stopping cough and reducing phlegm was given as the basic therapy， and additionally， traditional Chinese medicine to open the constraint and the blocked， save from collapse and restore yang， boost qi and relieve collapse， invigorate blood and drain water was used， usually with Modified Poge Zilong Xuanbai Chengqi Decoction （破格子龙宣白承气汤加减）， which was in accordance with the pathogenesis and thus achieving good effect.

Analysis of recurrent factors and therapeutic effect after laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair / 中华外科杂志

Objective: To analyze the recurrence factors and reoperation effect of laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair. Methods: A total of 41 patients with recurrence after laparoscopic repair of the inguinal hernia admitted to the Department of Hernia and Abdominal Wall Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University from January 2017 to December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients were males, aging (62±7) years (range: 51 to 75 years). The recurrence intervals were 3 days to 7 years postoperatively. The surgical methods, causes of recurrence, and treatment outcomes of the patients were analyzed. Fisher exact probability method is used to compare the rates. Results: Among all cases, the primary surgical procedures included transabdominal preperitoneal herniorrhaphy (TAPP) in 31 cases and total extraperitoneal herniorrhaphy in 10 cases. The reoperative procedures included the TAPP of 11 cases and the Lichtenstein procedure of 30 cases. The factors of recurrent cases in all patients could be divided into 4 categories, including insufficient mesh coverage in 23 cases, mesh curling in 9 cases, mesh contractuture in 7 cases, and improper mesh fixation in 2 cases. Recurrence, infection, chronic pain, foreign body sensation didn't occur in the followed period of(M(IQR)) 18(24) months(range: 12 to 50 months). There was no statistical difference in the incidence of postoperative seroma between the TAPP and Lichtenstein procedure (3/11 vs. 20.0% (6/30), P=0.68). Conclusions: Postoperative recurrence of laparoscopic inguinal hernia is mostly caused by the lack of mesh coverage. Due to the emphasis on standardized surgical operation, a good outcome could be achieved through reoperation by the TAPP or Lichtenstein procedure.

Automated diagnostic classification with lateral cephalograms based on deep learning network model / 中华口腔医学杂志

Objective: To establish a comprehensive diagnostic classification model of lateral cephalograms based on artificial intelligence (AI) to provide reference for orthodontic diagnosis. Methods: A total of 2 894 lateral cephalograms were collected in Department of Orthodontics, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology from January 2015 to December 2021 to construct a data set, including 1 351 males and 1 543 females with a mean age of (26.4± 7.4) years. Firstly, 2 orthodontists (with 5 and 8 years of orthodontic experience, respectively) performed manual annotation and calculated measurement for primary classification, and then 2 senior orthodontists (with more than 20 years of orthodontic experience) verified the 8 diagnostic classifications including skeletal and dental indices. The data were randomly divided into training, validation, and test sets in the ratio of 7∶2∶1. The open source DenseNet121 was used to construct the model. The performance of the model was evaluated by classification accuracy, precision rate, sensitivity, specificity and area under the curve (AUC). Visualization of model regions of interest through class activation heatmaps. Results: The automatic classification model of lateral cephalograms was successfully established. It took 0.012 s on average to make 8 diagnoses on a lateral cephalogram. The accuracy of 5 classifications was 80%-90%, including sagittal and vertical skeletal facial pattern, mandibular growth, inclination of upper incisors, and protrusion of lower incisors. The acuracy rate of 3 classifications was 70%-80%, including maxillary growth, inclination of lower incisors and protrusion of upper incisors. The average AUC of each classification was ≥0.90. The class activation heat map of successfully classified lateral cephalograms showed that the AI model activation regions were distributed in the relevant structural regions. Conclusions: In this study, an automatic classification model for lateral cephalograms was established based on the DenseNet121 to achieve rapid classification of eight commonly used clinical diagnostic items.

Research on genetic model of keratoconus / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM:To explore the effect of genetic factors on the pathogenesis of keratoconus and its genetic model.METHODS: Genetic epidemiological methods were used to investigate the prevalence of keratoconus in 280 first-degree relatives of 100 patients with keratoconus who attended Henan Eye Hospital between July 2020 and April 2023. The heritability was estimated by Falconer regression method. The general genetic model was calculated using Penrose method, and the genetic model was confirmed by Falconer formula, Edwards approximation formula and the projection formula of San-Duo Jiang's threshold model theory.RESULTS: The results showed that there were 16(5.714%)first-degree relatives of keratoconus probands suffering from keratoconus, and the heritability of keratoconus was(86.100±7.400)%. The S/q score calculated by the Penrose method was 35.348, which was near to 1/(q)1/2, suggesting that the genetic model of keratoconus might be polygenic inheritance. The expected prevalence in first-degree relatives of keratoconus patients by Falconer formula, Edwards approximation formula and the projection formula of San-Duo Jiang's threshold model theory were 5.900%, 7.714% and 5.700%, respectively, which showed no significant differences from the actual prevalence(5.714%), suggesting that keratoconus was a polygenetic disease.CONCLUSION:Genetic factors might play an important role in the pathogenesis of keratoconus, and keratoconus is a polygenetic disease.

Content analysis and quality evaluation of main active components and mineral elements of Cynomorium songaricum in different habitats / 中国中药杂志

To clarify the content characteristics of the main active components and mineral elements of Cynomorium songaricum under different habitat conditions, and further explore the relationship between the quality of C. songaricum and habitats, this study took C. songaricum from 25 different habitats in China as the research object, and measured the contents of 8 main active components and 12 mineral elements separately. Diversity analysis, correlation analysis, principal component analysis and cluster analysis were carried out. The results showed that the genetic diversity of total flavonoids, ursolic acid, ether extract, potassium(K), phosphorus(P) and zinc(Zn) in C. songaricum was high. The coefficient of variation of crude polysaccharide, ether extract, gallic acid, protocatechuic aldehyde, catechin, epicatechin, calcium(Ca), sodium(Na), magnesium(Mg), sulfur(S), iron(Fe), manganese(Mn), selenium(Se) and nickel(Ni) were all over 36%, indicating that the quality of C. songaricum was significantly affected by habitats. There were strong synergistic and weak antagonistic effects among the contents of the 8 active components, and complex antagonistic and synergistic effects among the contents of the 12 mineral elements. Principal component analysis revealed that crude polysaccharide, ursolic acid, catechin, epicatechin and total flavonoids could be used as the characteristic components to evaluate the quality of C. songaricum, and Na, copper(Cu), Mn and Ni were the characteristic elements to evaluate the quality of C. songaricum. In cluster ana-lysis, the second group with the main active components as cluster center had better quality in terms of the content of active substances, and the second group with the mineral elements as cluster center had higher utilization potential in the exploitation of mineral elements. This study could provide a basis for resource evaluation and breeding of excellent varieties of C. songaricum in different habitats, and provide a reference for cultivation and identification of C. songaricum.

Advances in methods for detecting plastics biodegradation / 生物工程学报

The pollution caused by improper handling of plastics has become a global challenge. In addition to recycling plastics and using biodegradable plastics, an alternative solution is to seek efficient methods for degrading plastics. Among them, the methods of using biodegradable enzymes or microorganisms to treat plastics have attracted increasing attention because of its advantages of mild conditions and no secondary environmental pollution. Developing highly efficient depolymerizing microorganisms/enzymes is the core for plastics biodegradation. However, the current analysis and detection methods cannot meet the requirements for screening efficient plastics biodegraders. It is thus of great significance to develop rapid and accurate analysis methods for screening biodegraders and evaluating biodegradation efficiency. This review summarizes the recent application of various commonly used analytical techniques in plastics biodegradation, including high performance liquid chromatography, infrared spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography, and determination of zone of clearance, with fluorescence analysis techniques highlighted. This review may facilitate standardizing the characterization and analysis of plastics biodegradation process and developing more efficient methods for screening plastics biodegraders.

The joint influence of subjective social status and life skill level on adolescent health risk behaviors / 中国学校卫生

Abstract@#Subjective social status and life skill level are important influencing factors of adolescent health risk behaviors, and they interact with each other and jointly act on adolescent health risk behaviors, which make the mechanism of adolescent health risk behaviors become more diverse and complex. The current paper reviews the correlations among subjective social status, life skill level and adolescent health risk behaviors, in order to explore the joint influence of subjective social status and life skill level on adolescent health risk behaviors, then provides future directions for exploring possible mechanisms, and proposes recommendations for effective prevention strategies of adolescent health risk behaviors.

Progress on the relationship between high-sugar diet and myopia development / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

Myopia has become a major public health problem affecting the eye health of our nationals, especially adolescents, and is listed as one of the three major diseases in the world. The etiology of myopia is complex and it is currently considered to be mainly related to environmental factors and genetic factors. Dietary factors are less concerned, but it has been reported that there is a correlation between high-sugar diet and the occurrence and development of myopia. Studies have found that high-sugar diet can cause hyperinsulinemia, which mediates the increase of retinal insulin-like growth factor(IGF-1, IGF-2)expression level, and the decrease of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3(IGFBP-3)expression level in scleral fibroblasts, thereby activating signal transduction and transcriptional activator protein 3(STAT3)signaling pathway, and then acting on scleral matrix metalloproteinases(MMP)/transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β)and other factors, resulting in a decrease in scleral extracellular matrix(ECM), eventually leading to scleral remodeling, eye axis growth and myopia. This article explores the relationship between high-sugar diet and the occurrence and development of myopia from the aspects of epidemiology and biological mechanisms by consulting relevant literature, and provides research directions for the prevention and control of myopia.