RÉSUMÉ
Hepatitis viral C [HVC] is relatively frequent among kidney transplants. It is responsible for a morbi-mortality that compromises the results of transplantation in the medium and long term. To evaluate and to compare the prevalence of HVC, 172 kidney transplant adult patients were investigated in two Maghrebian centers at Casablanca [G1]: 57 Moroccan patients and Tunisia [G2]:.115 Tunisian patients. The impact of the HVC infection for a morbi-mortality was concerned only the Tunisian recipient patients: 20 kidney recipients having antibodies anti-VHC and positive HVC-RNA [Cases] which were matched in age, sex and date of the kidney graft, to 20 kidney transplant patients anti-HVC and VHCRNA negative [Controls]. The anti-VHC antibodies were detected by ELISA: Innogenetics and their positivity were confirmed by RIBAII. The ARN-VHC was analyzed by RT-PCR INNO-LiPA HCV II amplification of Innogenetics. The prevalence of hepatitis C is similar for the two groups: 19.3% among Moroccan kidney transplants and 20.9% among Tunisians. The infection by the HVC was often active and the detection of viral RNA was found in 91.7% of the G2 patients against 50% among G1 patients. The genotype 1b is the most prevalent; it is found in 59% of the patients. The frequency of HVC among our kidney transplant patients is particularly determined by the duration and the mode of dialysis. In fact, 22.1% of the patients treated by hemodialysis are VHC [+] against 5,6% patients treated by peritoneal dialysis. Also, the average duration of the dialysis is 58,8 months for HVC [+] patients against 33.5 months for HVC [-] [p<0.0001] patients. The frequency of the chronic rejection of the graft is higher in the G2, but it is similar in Tunisian patients with or without antibodies anti-HVC. In the G1, this frequency is statistically higher among positive HVC transplant patients compared to the negative HVC grafted patients [p<0.05]. The case-control study emphasizes the frequency of the proteinuria, the renal insufficiency, the mellitensis diabetes and the polyglobulinemia among patients HCV [+]; however the differences between the two groups remain statistically non significant. The total rate of the hospitalizations is 26 per 100 patients per year in the HCV [+] group against 17 for the HCV [-]. The average duration of hospitalizations is 72 days among HCV [+] patients against 30.2 days for the controls [p<0.05]. The averages of survival of the patients and of the controls were similar 11.6 +/- 5.6 years for transplant patient HCV [+] against 11.2 +/- 5.5 years for the controls. The actuarial curves of the patients were not different for the patients having antibodies anti-HCV positive or negative. The blood and nosocomial modes of contamination of HVC infection explain their higher frequency in this population at risk. The mortality and the morbidity of the renal transplant patients infected by the HCV seem to be higher compared to the uninfected patients. A further study by large population should be carried out to confirm these results