RÉSUMÉ
Objective To explore the level changes of proteins related to non-demyelinating diseases in the cerebrospinal fluid and serum in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) of different clinical stages.Methods Twenty-three patients with RRMS,10 patients with head pain (controls) and 10 healthy volunteers (healthy controls),admitted to our hospital from July 2011 to December 2012,were selected.The cerebrospinal fluid sample and blood serum sample were selected in observation group at admission (acute stage) and follow-up (remission phase),control group (during headache) to measure the levels of protein tau,S 100 and neurofilament (NF).Expanded disability status scale (EDSS) was employed to detect the dysneuria and the relation with the protein levels were analyzed.Results In the cerebrospinal fluid,the protein levels of tau,S100 and NF in the observation group both in acute phase and remission phase were significantly higher than those in the control group and healthy control group (P＜0.05); and the levels of three protein in acute phase was higher than those in remission phase (P＜0.05).In blood serum:the protein levels oftau and NF in the observation group in both acute phase and remission phase showed no obvious differences as compared with those in the control group and healthy control group (P＞0.05),but the level of S100 in observation group in both acute phase and remission phase was obviously higher than the control group and healthy control group (P＜0.05); and the levels of three protein in acute phase was higher than those in remission phase (P＜0.05).The EDSS scores of observation group in acute phase and remission phase were (6.0 ±1.5) and (2.8 ±0.7) points,respectively; the protein levels of tau,S 100 and NF in mild EDSS scores patients were significantly lower than those of patients of medium and heavy EDSS scores in acute phase; the protein levels of tau,S100,NF in medium EDSS scores patients had no obvious differences as compared with those of heavy ones (P＞0.05).In remission phase,the tau,S100,NF protein levels of mild EDSS acores patients showed no obvious differences as compared with those of medium ones.Conclusion The protein levels of tau,S100 and NF increase in acute phase of patients with RRMS,which correlates with the EDSS scores,and those decrease in remission phase then,indicating that tau,S100 and NF might be the specific protein markers of non-demyelinating diseases.
RÉSUMÉ
Background Whether the wearing of bifocal lenses can delay the development of myopia in school childhood is in controversy.To assess the effect of bifocal lenses using evidence-based medicine method is of important significance.Objective Present study was to compare the effect of bifocal lenses with single vision lenses in retarding myopia progression in school-aged myopic children.Methods This was a evidence-based medicine study.The systematical literature search was performed from MEDLINE(1966 to October 2010),EMBASE(1974 to October 2010),Cochrane Library,Chinese Biomedical Database(1978 to October 2010),and Chinese Clinical Trial Registry combined with hand searching of related bibliographies of journals and books were applied to collect the randomized-controlled clinical trial about bifocal lenses.Screening,evaluation and data extraction of the retrieved literature were performed by two investigators independently.Mata-analysis was used to assess the progression of refraction and axial length among included randomized clinical trials.Results Three high-quality randomized-controlled clinical trials meeting the inclusion criterion were included in this meta-analysis.The results showed that the weighted mean difference in progression of refraction was 0.22D between bifocal lenses and single vision lenses(95% CI:-0.24-0.67),and the difference was statistical insignificance(P=0.35).The weighted mean difference in progression of refraction during the follow-up durations of 6,12,18,24 and ＞30 months were 0.15(95% CI:-0.09-0.38),0.17(95% CI:-0.05-0.39),0.42(95% CI:-0.14-0.98),0.23(95% CI:-0.21-0.66) and 0.03(95% CI:-0.40-0.46),respectively without statistical significance.The weighted mean difference in elongation of axial length between two interventions was -0.17mm(95% CI:-0.26-0.08) with a statistically significance(P=0.000).Conclusion Based on currently available studies,bifocal lenses could not significantly slow the progression of myopia in myopic school-aged children in comparison with single vision lenses.Because only few high-quality studies are currently available,this conclusion need to be supported by more large-sample-size clinical trials.