Estilo de vida saludable en la prevención de la osteoporosis en la mujer climatérica / Healthy lifestyle and the prevention of the osteoporosis in the climacteric woman

Antecedentes: La osteoporosis es una enfermedad crónica no transmisible con factores de riesgo como sedentarismo, consumo de tabaco y alcohol, e ingesta de dieta no balaceada. Objetivos: Establecer la relación entre el estilo de vida saludable y la prevención de la osteoporosis en la mujer climatérica sin patología asociada. Métodos: Análisis descriptivo comparativo con diseño no experimental, transversal y correlacional, en muestra formada por 80 mujeres climatéricas en tratamiento de osteoporosis y 80 mujeres climatéricas sin diagnóstico de osteoporosis, con características sociodemográficas similares. Para recopilar la información se utilizó una encuesta semiestructurada validada en el estudio. Para el análisis estadístico se aplicaron las pruebas de Mann-Whitney y McNemar, según correspondiera. Resultados: Las mujeres con osteoporosis eran más sedentarias e ingerían menores cantidades de calcio que las mujeres sin el diagnóstico médico de la patología, de igual manera han utilizado en menor extensión terapia de reemplazo hormonal. En el grupo de mujeres con osteoporosis fue factor de riesgo para la enfermedad el consumo de tabaco pero no el de alcohol. Conclusiones: Tener un estilo de vida saludable durante el climaterio es una estrategia útil para prevenir la osteoporosis en el climaterio, puesto que en este estudio se detectaron como factores de riesgo en esta población: el estado nutricional enflaquecido, el no realizar actividad física y el ser sedentaria, tener antecedentes de consumo de tabaco y su consumo actual, el consumo insuficiente de calcio dietario y/o su uso terapéutico por periodos menores a un año.

Background: Osteoporosis is classified as a chronic illness non transferable with risk factors like: sedentary, consumption of tobacco and alcohol, and intake of a non balanced diet. Objective: The present studied it sought to establish the relationship between the healthy lifestyle and the prevention of the osteoporosis in the climacteric woman without associate pathology. Method: Comparative and descriptive analysis with non experimental traverse correlation design. The sample was conformed by 80 climacteric women in osteoporosis treatment and 80 climacteric women without medical diagnosis of osteoporosis, but with similar sociodemographic features. To gather the information a semistructurated survey it was used and validated in the study. The statistical analysis was based on the application of the Mann-Whitney and McNemar Test. Results: The osteoporotic women were more sedentary and they ingested smaller quantities of calcium that the women without medical diagnosis of the pathology, in a same way have used in smaller extension hormonal replacement therapy. In the osteoporotic group the consumption of tobacco was a risk factor for osteoporosis but not the alcohol. Conclusions: Having a healty lifestyle during climatery is an useful strategy for preventing osteoporosis in this population, cause were detect as osteoporosis risk factors in this study, the emaciated nutritional state, not carrying out physical activity and being sedentary, to have antecedents of consumption of tobacco and their current consumption, the insufficient consumption of dietary calcium and/or their therapeutic use for smaller periods to one year.

Auditoria médica: herramienta de gestión moderna subvalorada / Medical audit: an undervalued management tool

Medical audit is defined as the critical and periodical assessment of the quality of medical care, through the revision on medical records and hospital statistics. This review defines the work of the medical auditor and shows the fields of action of medical audit, emphasizing its importance and usefulness as a management tool. The authors propose that every hospital should create an audit system, should provide the necessary tools to carry out medical audits and should form an audit committee