Résumé
Renal transplant patients are treated with immunosuppressive drugs that decrease the effectiveness of the immune system, making them more prone to developing cancer. Skin and lip carcinomas are common malignancies encountered after transplantation, whereas oral carcinomas are rare. We report the case of a 51-year-old female Caucasian patient, with no history of smoking, who presented white lesions on the tongue and an ulcerated lesion on the lower lip beginning 4 months prior. Diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma for both lesions was made following incisional biopsies. Interestingly, the patient reported a renal transplantation 23 years prior, and was maintained on a combination of cyclosporine, mycophenolate sodium and prednisone. The patient also presented a history of several basal and squamous cell carcinomas on sun-exposed areas of the skin. Both lesions were surgically excised. No sign of recurrence or new lesions in the oral cavity have been observed; however, new skin lesions are frequently diagnosed. This case report highlights that oral cancers may occur in transplant patients in the absence of classical risk factors. Thus, clinicians must be aware of the importance of thorough oral examination in transplant patients in routine follow-up.
Sujets)
Humains , Femelle , Adulte d'âge moyen , Tumeurs de la bouche/étiologie , Tumeurs de la bouche/anatomopathologie , Tumeurs de la bouche/prévention et contrôle , Carcinome épidermoïde/anatomopathologie , Transplantation rénale/effets indésirables , Immunosuppresseurs/effets indésirablesRésumé
Resumo A corrupção é um fenômeno global. Sob os parâmetros teóricos e metodológicos da Análise Comportamental da Cultura, constitui nosso objetivo compor um panorama descritivo-explicativo da corrupção como prática cultural, mediante uma análise funcional de contingências implicadas em sua instalação e manutenção, particularmente no contexto brasileiro. Examinamos as origens etimológicas do termo corrupção, apresentamos um levantamento histórico sobre o tema nas ciências sociais e na Análise do Comportamento, delineamos o modelo de seleção por consequências e analisamos três situações hipotéticas de corrupção: (1) um exemplo de política institucional; (2) um exemplo de corporação privada em relação com o poder público; e (3) um exemplo de corrupção cotidiana. Concluímos apontando possíveis contribuições da Análise Comportamental da Cultura para prevenção e combate a práticas culturais corruptas.
Abstract Corruption is a global phenomenon. Under the theoretical and methodological parameters of the Behavior Analysis of Culture, our goal is to compose a descriptive explanatory overview of corruption as a cultural practice, through a functional analysis of contingencies involved in its installation and maintenance, particularly in the Brazilian context. We examine the etymological origins of the term corruption, we present a historical survey on the topic in the social sciences and behavior analysis, we outline the consequences for model selection and analyze three hypothetical situations of corruption: (1) an example of institutional policy; (2) an example of private corporation in relation to the government; and (3) an example of everyday corruption. We conclude pointing to possible contributions of the Behavioral Analysis of Culture toward preventing and combating corrupt cultural practices.
Résumé
Abstract A male child born at 27 weeks, weighting 1305 g and presenting with a right-sided abdominal tumor. Computed tomography scan demonstrated the presence of a solid mass compressing the right kidney. Puncture biopsy revealed congenital mesoblastic nephroma. The patient underwent total right nephroureterectomy, and died on the second day after surgery.
Resumo Criança do gênero masculino, nascida com 27 semanas e 1.305 g de peso, apresentando tumor abdominal à direita. Tomografia computadorizada revelou formação sólida comprometendo o rim direito. Foi realizada biópsia por punção, cujo diagnóstico foi nefroma mesoblástico congênito. O paciente foi submetido a nefroureterectomia total direita, falecendo no segundo dia de pós-operatório.
Résumé
As lesões traumáticas da medula espinhal provocadas por objetos perfurantes retidos são raras e configuram um desafio para o cirurgião da coluna vertebral. A cirurgia precoce pode minimizar o risco de sequela neurológica. Exames de diagnósticos por imagem são fundamentais para o planejamento e sucesso terapêutico, mas não devem retardar o tratamento cirúrgico. Os autores descrevem um caso de lesão medular por arma branca retida provocando a síndrome de Brown-Séquard e discutema abordagem terapêutica. Os objetivos da cirurgia são a retirada do objeto retido, sem causar déficit motor ou sensitivo adicional, e a correção da lesão dural e de eventuais instabilidades da coluna.
Traumatic spinal cord injuries caused by perforating retained objects are rare and challenging for spinal surgeons. Early surgery can minimize the risk of neurological sequelae. Diagnostic imaging exams are essential for planning and therapeutic success, but should not delay surgical treatment. The authors describe a case of spinal cord injury by stab retained causing Brown-Sequard syndrome and discuss the therapeutic approach. The goal of surgery is the removal of the object retained without causing additional motor or sensory deficit, fix the dural injury and possible spinal instabilities.
Sujets)
Humains , Mâle , Adulte , Traumatismes de la moelle épinière/chirurgie , Traumatismes de la moelle épinière/diagnostic , Plaies par arme blanche , Syndrome de Brown-Séquard , LaminectomieRésumé
When food is available recurrently at a particular time of day, several species increase their locomotion in the hours that precede food delivery, a phenomenon called food anticipatory activity (FAA). In mammals, many studies have shown that FAA is driven by a food-entrained circadian oscillator (FEO) that is distinct from the light-entrained pacemaker in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus. Few studies have investigated the effect of sugar ingestion on food anticipatory rhythms and the FEO. We aimed to extend the understanding of the role of glucose on the emergence of food anticipatory rhythms by investigating whether glucose ingestion is sufficient to produce daily food anticipation, reflected by motor activity and core body temperature rhythms. Under a 12 h/12 h light/dark cycle, chow-deprived rats had glucose solution available between Zeitgeber Time (ZT) 6 and ZT 9 for 10 days (glucose restriction group), whereas control animals had chow available within the same time window (chow restriction group). Animals in both groups exhibited anticipatory motor activity and body temperature around the fourth day of the scheduled food restriction. Glucose-fed rats ingested ~15 kcal on the days immediately before FAA emergence and reached an intake of ~20 kcal/day, whereas chow-fed rats ingested ~40 kcal/day. The glucose restriction group exhibited a pattern of food anticipation (activity and temperature) that was extremely similar to that observed in the chow restriction group. We conclude that glucose ingestion is a sufficient temporal cue to produce recurrent food anticipation, reflected by activity and temperature rhythms, in rats.
Sujets)
Animaux , Rats , Phénomènes physiologiques nutritionnels chez l'animal , Comportement animal , Température du corps , Rythme circadien , GlucoseRésumé
Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito de diferentes ofertas de forragem em pastagem de estrela africana (Cynodon nlemfuensis Vanderyst var. nlemfuensis), sobre a taxa de desaparecimento de forragem (TDF) e a produção de leite de vacas mestiças Holandês x Gir. Trinta animais foram submetidos a três ofertas de forragem (OF) distintas, sendo 10,0 12,5 e 15,0% do peso corporal. Houve influência da OF sobre a TDF (P<0,001). Para cada unidade de acréscimo da OF, a TDF aumentou 140,0kg ha-1 dia-1. Houve efeito da relação folha:colmo sobre a produção de leite (P<0,05). O aumento da oferta não refletiu em incremento da produção de leite em função do manejo empregado para obtenção das ofertas e estádio de crescimento das plantas.
The objective of this study was to evaluate different herbage allowances in stargrass (Cynodon nlemfuensis Vanderyst var. nlemfuensis), on the herbage disappearance rate (HDR) and milk yield in crossbred Holstein x Gir cows. Thirty animals were assigned to three different herbage allowances (HA), ranging from 10.0, 12.5 and 15.0% BW. There was effect of HA on the HDR (P<0.001). Increasing the HA in one unit had effect on the HDR increasing by 140.0kg ha-1 day-1. There was effect of leaf:stem ratio on milk yield (P<0.05). The increasing in supplying herbage allowances did not resulted in increased milk yield because the management for herbage allowance and herbage growth.
Résumé
Estimulação magnética transcraniana (EMT) é uma técnica conhecida desde o começo dos anos 90 e que atualmentetem ganhado destaque devido a sua segurança e possível aplicabilidade para tratar diversas patologias neuropsiquiátricas refratárias. A fim de clarificar os possíveis usos da EMT e suas variações no campo da clínica como forma de tratamento, procedemos à revisão da literatura selecionando os artigos nas áreas em que a técnica de EMT já tem sido largamente utilizada,a saber: AVC, Dor, Doença de Parkinson e Depressão. Essas doenças possuem elevada morbidade, possuindo grandesimplicações na qualidade de vida devido ao elevado grau de incapacidade associado e ao fato de ainda carecerem de métodos terapêuticos totalmente eficientes. Nesse contexto, a EMT emerge como ferramenta promissora, apresentando bons resultados, os quais fornecem margem para aplicações diretas na prática clínica. É necessário, todavia, o desenvolvimento de mais estudos randomizados, para se padronizar e aperfeiçoar as abordagensdessa técnica no tratamento de tais patologias...
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) is a technique that emerged in the 90s and has currently become recognized for its safety and potential applicability in the treatment of neuropsychiatry diseases. To clarify the possible uses of TMS and its variations in the clinical scope as a treatment, weproceeded a literature review selecting articles in the areas where the technique of TMS has already been widely used: Stroke, Pain, Parkinsons Disease and Depression. These diseases have high morbidity, with large implications for the quality of life due to the high degree of disability and the fact that we still lack of fully efficient therapeutic methods. In this context, EMT emerges as a promising tool with amazing results, which provide scope for direct applications in clinical practice. However, the developmentof more randomized studies is necessary, in order to standardizeand improve the approaches of this technique in the treatment of such pathologies...
Sujets)
Humains , Accident vasculaire cérébral/diagnostic , Accident vasculaire cérébral/anatomopathologie , Dépression/anatomopathologie , Maladie de Parkinson/thérapie , Stimulation magnétique transcrânienne , Gestion de la douleurRésumé
Os tumores de traqueia são raros e podem ser de difícil diagnóstico, por mimetizarem outras afecções pulmonares de caráter obstrutivo, como asma e DPOC. Relatamos um caso de lipoma de traqueia em uma paciente que fora tratada para asma e DPOC, sem resposta adequada, até apresentar complicações infecciosas. A presença do tumor foi sugerida por TC de tórax e confirmada por fibrobroncoscopia. A paciente foi submetida à ressecção endoscópica do tumor; porém, evoluiu para o óbito por pneumonia e choque séptico.
Tracheal tumors are rare and can be difficult to diagnose due to their capacity to mimic other obstructive lung diseases, such as asthma and COPD. We report the case of a female patient with a tracheal tumor. She had previously been treated for asthma and COPD, with little response to the treatment. The onset of infectious complications prompted further investigation. Chest CT images suggested the presence of a tumor, which was confirmed by fiberoptic bronchoscopy. The tumor was endoscopically resected. However, the patient evolved to death due to pneumonia and septic shock.