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1.
Genet. mol. res. (Online) ; 7(1): 16-28, Jan. 2008. tab
Article Dans Anglais | LILACS | ID: lil-553766

Résumé

A total of 98 Manihot species have been recognized in the genus. All of them are native to the tropics of the New World, particularly Brazil and Mexico. The cultigen, Manihot esculenta Crantz (cassava), grows throughout the lowland tropics. Wild species vary in growth habit from acaulescent or short shrubs to tree-like. Because of their adaptations to different conditions, they are gene reservoirs for tackling many abiotic and biotic stresses such as improving root quality and resistance to diseases. They have been used successfully by the first author for improving protein content, seed-fertility, apomixis, resistance to mealy bug, and tolerance to drought. A table of the most important species from an economic viewpoint is presented.


Sujets)
Croisements génétiques , Manihot/génétique , Produits agricoles/génétique , Adaptation physiologique , Évolution biologique , Brésil , Feuilles de plante/anatomie et histologie , Variation génétique , Hybridation génétique , Manihot/anatomie et histologie , Manihot/classification , Manihot/physiologie , Reproduction asexuée , Produits agricoles/économie , Produits agricoles/physiologie
2.
Genet. mol. res. (Online) ; 7(2): 276-283, 2008. ilus
Article Dans Anglais | LILACS | ID: lil-641012

Résumé

Information on anatomical structure is needed by breeders working on improvement for drought tolerance. For studying the effect of polyploidy on cassava anatomy and its significance to tolerance to drought, we induced a polyploidy type of a selected clone (UnB 530) by applying an aqueous solution of 0.2% colchicine on lateral buds for a period of 12 h. The stem identified as tetraploid was propagated to produce the whole plant. Free-hand cross-sections of the median portion between stem internodes were made. They were clarified using 50% sodium hypochlorite solution, stained with 1% safranin-alcian blue, passed through an ethanol series and butyl acetate and mounted in synthetic resin. The tetraploid type showed more prismatic and druse crystals in the cortical parenchyma, and its pericycle fibers had thicker walls. The secondary xylem of tetraploid types was wider than diploid ones, having thinner walls and less starch.


Sujets)
Manihot/anatomie et histologie , Manihot/génétique , Polyploïdie , Amidon/métabolisme , Paroi cellulaire , Tiges de plante/anatomie et histologie , Tiges de plante/croissance et développement , Tiges de plante/génétique , Catastrophes , Régulation de l'expression des gènes au cours du développement , Régulation de l'expression des gènes végétaux , Manihot/croissance et développement
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