Comparação de equaçoes de estimativa do consumo máiximo de oxigênio em indivíduos jovens / Comparation of maximal oxygen consumption equations in young people

PURPOSE: To compare the results of equations for estimate of the indirect maximal oxygen consumption with obtained them in test ergoespirometric in young individuals. METHODS: Fifty-two individuals of the masculine sex were submitted to the test of effort with it analyzes direct of gases in treadmill for the determination of the maximum consumption of oxygen (VO2máx). The progressive protocol was used with load increment to each one minute. The obtained results were compared ace equations of Jackson et al and the one of Mathews et al. For the statistical analysis of the results the test of multiple comparisons corrected by the test of Bonferrone was applied. The significance level was of p < 0.05. RESULTS: The average of age was of (21.06 +/- 2.75) years; body mass (70.85 +/- 9.15); thin mass (62.69 +/- 6.86); fat mass (8.30 +/- 4.77); percentile of fat (11.34 +/- 5.45) and maximun heartrate of (191.73 +/- 7.84). The equations of Jackson et al (VO2máx = 49.29 +/- 2.95) for a standard mistake of (EPE = 0.41) and Mathews et al (VO2máx = 37.43 +/-. 2.14) with a (EPE = 0,31) presenting tendency in underestimating the consumption of oxygen for the sample that was of (VO2máx = 55.34 +/- 8.34) for a (EPE = 1.16), being observed significant difference in relation to measure of the VO2máx obtained in test of effort (p < 0.05), for the value of Wilks'E = 0.044; F (2.500) = 539.27; p = 0.001. CONCLUSION: The equations didn't present a power of reliable estimate for the studied population.

A seleção brasileira de voleibol infanto-juvenil feminina e o seu perfil dermatoglífico / The Brazilian volleyball juvenile female team and its dermatoglyphic characteristics

OBJECTIVE: To identify the dermatoglypical caracteristics by the digital impressions. METHODS: The study was descriptive and 19 female athletics were included. They were 15.9 +/- 0.36 years old, there weight was 67.4 +/- 8.73kg, and thad 181.6 +/- 6.11cm, from the juvenile 2004 Brazilian voleybol juvenile selection team. The Cummins & Midlo (1942), method was used to identify the dermatoglyphical caracteristics by the digital impressions from 10 hand digits of athletes. RESULTS: The study showed the following model of digital impressions: A = 0.42 +/- 0.69; L = 6.89 +/- 2.89; W = 2.74 +/- 3.14; D10 = 12.32 +/- 3.51 e SQTL = 119.37 +/- 28.99. CONCLUSIONS: The present study confirmed that the dermatoglyphical characteristics of the female voleybol athletes of the juvenile Brazilian team are similar to that of the adult male team. Its necessary to compare these data with the adult female voley team, in order to stablish parameters to evaluate the potencial of future athletes.

Usar ou não a equação de estimativa (220 – idade)? / Using or not estimative equation (220 - age)?

A aplicabilidade das equações de estimativa da freqüência cardíaca máxima (FCmáx) se tornou ponto de discussão nos últimos anos, mas um dos pontos que foi levantado estaria relacionado à autoria da equação 220 – idade). Esse fato tem provocado um questionamento quanto ao princípio ético que envolve a citação de trabalhos. No caso, a referida equação é referenciada como sendo de autoria de Karvonen et al (8). Nossa surpresa ao adquirir o referido estudo foi que não havia qualquer menção sobre a equação (220 – idade). Na realidade, encontramos vários autores para esta fórmula na literatura. Um outro ponto que vem sendo questionado nos estudos é a sua eficácia em determinar a FCmáx para as diferentes idades. Na maioria das pesquisas constatou-se uma tendência em superestimar a FCmáx de indivíduos jovens e de subestimar em indivíduos idosos. Esses pontos levantados não são motivos de preocupação, pois a verdadeira filosofia da ciência é a quebra de paradigmas e renovação dos conhecimentos, o que nos preocupa é o fato de ouvirmos afirmações extremistas. Em nossa opinião, é necessária uma sistematização no estudo de todas as equações de estimativa antes de tomar algum posicionamento extremista.

The applicability of the equations to estimate maximal heart rate (HRmax) became discussion point in the last years, and one of the points raised is related to the authorship of the equation (220 - age). This fact has provoked a questioning about the ethical principle that involves works’ citation. In this case, the related equation is from Karvonen et al (8), our surprise was when, acquiring this study, we realized that it did not have any mention of the equation (220 - age). Actually, we found some authors for this formula in literature. Another point that is being questioned in the studies, is the effectiveness in determining the HRmax for different ages. Most of the researches evidenced a tendency to overestimate the HRmax of younger individuals and underestimate the HRmax of older individuals. These raised points are not reason for concern, because the true philosophy of science is to break paradigms in addition to knowledge renewal, what worries is the extreme affirmations we have been hearing. In our opinion, it is necessary a systematization of studies of all the estimative equations, before taking extreme positions.