Lazer e gênero nos programas de esporte e lazer das cidades / Leisure and gender in sporting and leisure programs in the cities

Este artigo aborda desigualdades de gênero no acesso às políticas públicas que venham ao encontro de necessidades humanas. O objetivo geral é analisar bases de dados de estudos desenvolvidos em Porto Alegre e no Rio de Janeiro, em núcleos do Programa Esporte e Lazer na Cidade. A partir dessa análise, identificamos desigualdades nas oportunidades de acesso e permanência de mulheres nos núcleos e interpretamos os principais desafios que as propostas de integração devem enfrentar, para cumprirem as metas de inclusão. Os resultados apontam para impedimentos culturais e de divisão do trabalho e do lazer, para que mulheres e homens possam ter acesso às mesmas oportunidades de lazer.

This paper addresses inequalities of gender in accessing public policies related do human needs. The general goal is to analyze data bases of researches developed in the cities of Porto Alegre and Rio de Janeiro, in centers of the Program Sport and Leisure in the City. Departing from these analyses, we have identified inequalities in opportunities given to women to have access to and to remain in leisure centers and interpret the main challenges proposals of integration have to deal with, in order to give account of their goals of inclusion. Results point to cultural barriers, as well as barriers related to division of labor and leisure, for women and men to have access to the same opportunities of leisure.

Lack of association between matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) promoter polymorphism and risk of renal cell carcinoma

OBJECTIVE: Investigate the possible association of insertion/deletion (2G/G) polymorphism at nucleotide -1607 of the MMP-1 promoter with the development and progression of renal cancer MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, we genotyped 217 individuals, 99 patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and 118 controls without cancer. DNA specimens were extracted from epithelial buccal cells and paraffin-embedded tissue of RCC patients and from epithelial buccal cells and blood cells of healthy controls RESULTS: The difference in frequency of 2G/2G genotype between controls (22.9 percent) and RCC patients (28.6 percent) was not statistically significant (p = 0.461). We also did not find correlation between 2G/2G and histological type of RCC. The comparison of genotype distribution and frequency of 2G allele in different populations showed a strong variability of 2G allele frequency among the different ethnic groups. This fact may influence on the collaboration of this 2G allele in RCC or others diseases CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that the matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) promoter polymorphism may not play a significant role in renal cell carcinoma patients in Brazil.