Evaluation of Overactive Bladder in Male Antidepressant Users: A Prospective Study / 대한배뇨장애요실금학회지

PURPOSE: In this study, we investigated overactive bladder (OAB) functions in male patients who used antidepressant drugs (ADs) that were previously examined in female patients, based on conflicting data in literature regarding the effects of AD on OAB and the differences between male and female urinary system physiologies (anatomical and hormonal). METHODS: The study included 202 male patients (a control group of 90 healthy subjects, and an experimental group of 112 patients taking ADs for different disorders). All the patients completed the overactive bladder-validated 8 (OAB-V8) questionnaire, the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Short Form (ICIQ-SF), and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDS). RESULTS: The OAB-V8, ICIQ-SF, and BDS scores for the antidepressant users were significantly higher than those of the control group. The highest prevalence of OAB symptoms was observed in patients taking venlafaxine (68.2%), and the lowest prevalence was in patients taking sertraline (28.0%). Moreover, the frequency of OAB between the antidepressant groups was statistically significant. The univariate logistic regression analyses showed a significant relationship between the presence of OAB, antidepressant usage, BDS score, and the age of a patient. In the multivariate logistic regression analyses, the association between the presence of OAB and antidepressant usage was statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: The present study showed that the incidence of OAB and the severity of OAB symptoms increased in males using antidepressants for various disorders. This may have been due to unique pharmacological effects, on a molecular or individual level, of serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors.

Effects of melatonin on partial unilateral ureteral obstruction induced oxidative injury in rat kidney

This experimental study was designed to produce ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat kidney by performing partial unilateral ureteral obstruction [PUUO] and investigated the effects of melatonin on the levels of oxidative injury parameters. Twenty-four adult male rats were randomly divided into three groups as follows; control group [Group 1]; only nephrectomy and blood [5 ml] drawn from vena cava inferior, PUUO group [Group 2]; PUUO [10 days]+ipsilateral nephrectomy after recovery of PUUO+blood from vena cava inferior VCI, melatonin treated group [Group 3]; PUUO [10 days]+melatonin [1/2 hr before release, 50 mg/kg, ip]+ipsilateral nephrectomy after recovery of PUUO+blood from VCI. The left ureter was embedded into the psoas muscle to create PUUO. After 10 days, PUUO was recovered and ipsilateral nephrectomies were performed for biochemical analysis of superoxide dismutase [SOD], catalase [CAT], malondialdehyde [MDA], glutathione peroxidase [GSH-Px], and protein carbonyl [PC] in the tissues and blood was drawn from inferior vena cava to study the same parameters in systemic circulation. The results were compared statistically. The blood levels of MDA, NO, and PC were increased in the PUUO group in comparison to the sham-operated group [P<0.05]. Melatonin treatment reduced MDA, NO, and PC levels in blood after PUUO recovery, but statistically significance consisted only for MDA and NO [P<0.05]. The antioxidant enzyme activities [SOD, GSH-Px] were increased in the PUUO group [P<0.05]. Melatonin treatment reduced SOD and GSH-Px activities in comparison with the sham-operated control group [P<0.05]. Similarly, renal tissue levels of MDA, NO, and PC were increased in the PUUO group in comparison with the sham-operated group [P<0.05]. Melatonin treatment ameliorated MDA, NO, and PC levels in renal tissue after PUUO recovery only MDA was statistically significant [P<0.05]. Antioxidant enzyme activities [SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px] were increased in the PUUO group. Melatonin treatment caused reduction in SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px activities in comparison to the sham-operated control group [P<0.05]. The results of this study showed that experimentally induced PUUO caused oxidative stress in rat kidney and melatonin treatment reduced oxidative stress and therefore may have a preventive effect on PUUO induced oxidative kidney damage in rats