Résumé
Abstract This study within the field of environmental history explores the scenario amid which the Fundação Brasileira para a Conservação da Natureza (Brazilian Foundation for Nature Conservation) was founded between 1958 and 1966; this important Brazilian non-governmental organization headquartered in Rio de Janeiro worked at the local, national, and international levels. Primary documentary sources were utilized, along with research of the related literature. The conclusions demonstrate the importance of non-governmental organizations predating this foundation, and the influence of conservationists on its establishment and current work.
Resumo Este estudo se insere no campo da história ambiental e tem o objetivo de compreender o cenário de criação, entre 1958 e 1966, da Fundação Brasileira para a Conservação da Natureza, importante organização não governamental ambientalista brasileira, com sede no Rio de Janeiro e atuação local, nacional e internacional. Para isso, utiliza fontes documentais primárias e pesquisa bibliográfica relacionada. As conclusões demonstraram a importância da existência de organizações não governamentais mais antigas que a fundação e a influência de conservacionistas sobre sua criação e sua atuação inicial.
Sujets)
Organismes , Conservation des ressources naturelles , Environnement , Brésil , Histoire du 20ème siècleRésumé
This study aimed: 1) to investigate sources of information used by students to learn about COVID-19, 2) to investigate levels of knowledge about COVID-19 and about conditions for the treatment of patients during the COVID-19 lockdown, and 3) to evaluate students' perceptions of safety regarding their return to in-person activities at the School of Dentistry. Dental students answered a questionnaire (29 items; n=371) that explored the aims of the study, based on a Likert scale (Cronbach's alpha, 0.778). Data were tested with the Mann-Whitney U test and Kendall's Tau-c. Dental students received information about COVID-19 from the Mexican Health Ministry as their first source (45.28%). Students had good knowledge about the main characteristics of COVID-19, and 59.3% of students had excellent knowledge about the factors relevant to dental treatment of patients. Half of the students said they felt safe regarding a possible return to in-person activities at the dental school, while the other half did not. Statistically significant differences were noted between the students' scholar year and their level of knowledge (P<0.001) and between their perception of safety (very unsafe, unsafe, safe, and very safe) and scholar year (P=0.000). Dental students had good knowledge about COVID-19 and about the dental care for patients during the lockdown. Half of the dental students felt unsafe about a possible return to in-person school activities.
Los objetivos del estudio fueron 1) investigar que fuentes de información usaron los participantes para conocer sobre la COVID-19, 2) evaluar cuál es el nivel de conocimiento que tienen sobre COVID-19 y la atención a pacientes durante la contingencia, y 3) evaluar la percepción de seguridad sobre el regreso a actividades presenciales en la facultad. Estudio transversal. Se aplicó un cuestionario en línea (29 ítems; n=371) que exploró cada objetivo e incluyó una escala de Likert (Alfa de Cronbach de 0.778). Los datos fueron analizados con las pruebas de U de Mann Whitney y con Tau-c de Kendall. La mayoría de los participantes obtuvieron información sobre la COVID-19 a través de la Secretaría de Salud (45.28%), tuvieron un conocimiento bueno sobre las generalidades de la COVID-19 y el 59.3% tuvo un conocimiento excelente sobre la atención a pacientes. La mitad de los encuestados tuvo una percepción de inseguridad en un posible regreso a actividades en la facultad. Hubo diferencia estadística significativa para la asociación entre año escolar y grado de conocimiento (p<0.001) y entre la percepción en la seguridad en el regreso a actividades (muy inseguro, inseguro, seguro y muy seguro) y el grado escolar (P=0.000). Los participantes tuvieron buen conocimiento sobre las generalidades de la COVID-19 y sobre la atención a pacientes en situación de contingencia. La mitad de los EO sienten inseguridad sobre un posible regreso a actividades.
Sujets)
Humains , Mâle , Femelle , Adulte , Étudiant dentisterie , COVID-19 , Savoir , MexiqueRésumé
ABSTRACT Purpose: to implement and assess hearing health interventions for school students, using Dangerous Decibels® Program activities in partnership with the Young Doctor Project, approaching noise-induced hearing loss prevention. Methods: the study encompassed 41 students, aged 12 to 14 years, from two schools in inland São Paulo and a social institution for public school students. Activities were based on the Young Doctor Project and the Dangerous Decibels® Brazil Program. The students answered a questionnaire administered in three situations: before the intervention (pre), right after the intervention (post), and 4 months after the intervention. The ANOVA, Friedman (p < 0.001), and Tukey´s (p < 0.05) statistical tests were used. Results: the 41 students who participated in the program were protagonists of knowledge, spreading the content they learned to another 954 students in the three schools through cultural workshops. The analysis of program effectiveness revealed improved results right after the intervention and 4 months afterward. Conclusion: combining these two programs encouraged the protagonism of young people to increase their involvement with the community. Moreover, the students changed their attitude toward potentially dangerous sounds.
RESUMO Objetivo: implementar e avaliar intervenções em saúde auditiva para escolares, utilizando as atividades do Programa Dangerous Decibels ®, em parceria com o Projeto Jovem Doutor, abordando aspectos preventivos da perda auditiva induzida por níveis de pressão sonora elevados. Métodos: participaram do estudo 41 escolares, com idade entre 12 e 14 anos, de duas escolas no interior de São Paulo e uma Instituição Social direcionada a estudantes de escolas públicas. As atividades foram baseadas no Projeto Jovem Doutor e no programa Dangerous Decibels ® Brasil. Os escolares responderam a um questionário aplicado em três situações, antes da intervenção (pré), logo após a intervenção (pós) e quatro meses após a intervenção. Foram utilizados os testes estatísticos ANOVA, FRIEDMAN; p<0,001 e TUKEY; p<0,05. Resultados: os 41 escolares que participaram do programa atuaram como protagonistas do conhecimento, multiplicando o conteúdo aprendido através das oficinas culturais, envolvendo 954 escolares das três escolas. Ao analisar a eficácia do programa, observou-se melhora nos resultados logo após a intervenção e, também, após 4 meses. Conclusão: a união desses dois programas incentivou o protagonismo juvenil, objetivando o maior envolvimento dos estudantes junto da comunidade. Foi possível observar a mudança de atitude dos escolares frente aos sons potencialmente perigosos.
Résumé
RESUMEN La pandemia por el nuevo coronavirus denominado SARS-CoV-2 plantea retos sin precedentes en la atención de la salud. Entre ellos se cuenta el aumento en los casos de delirium. La enfermedad grave por SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, tiene vulnerabilidades comunes con el delirium y produce alteraciones en órganos como el pulmón o el cerebro, entre otros, que tienen potencial para precipitar el trastorno mental; de hecho, este puede ser la primera manifestación de la infección, antes de la fiebre, el malestar general, la tos o las alteraciones respiratorias. Está ampliamente sustentado que el delirium incrementa la morbilidad y la mortalidad de quienes lo padecen durante una hospitalización, por lo que se debe buscar activamente para realizar las intervenciones pertinentes. Ante la ausencia de evidencia sobre el abordaje del delirium en el contexto de la COVID-19, se elaboró este consenso sobre tres aspectos fundamentales: diagnóstico, tratamiento no farmacológico y tratamiento farmacológico, en pacientes ingresados en el hospital general. El documento contiene recomendaciones sobre uso sistemático de herramientas diagnósticas, cuándo hospitalizar al paciente con delirium, la aplicación de acciones no farmacológicas dentro de las restricciones que impone la COVID-19 y la utilización de antipsicóticos teniendo en cuenta los efectos secundarios más relevantes y las interacciones farmacológicas.
ABSTRACT The pandemic caused by the new coronavirus named SARS-CoV-2 poses unprecedented challenges in the health care. Among them is the increase in cases of delirium. The severe SARS-CoV-2 disease, COVID-19, has common vulnerabilities with delirium and produces alterations in organs such as the lungs or the brain, among others, which have the potential to trigger the mental disorder. In fact, delirium may be the first manifestation of the infection, before fever, general malaise, cough or respiratory disturbances. It is widely supported that delirium increases the morbidity and mortality in those who suffer from it during hospitalization, so it should be actively sought to carry out the relevant interventions. In the absence of evidence on the approach to delirium in the context of COVID-19, this consensus was developed on three fundamental aspects: diagnosis, non-pharmacological treatment and pharmacological treatment, in patients admitted to the general hospital. The document contains recommendations on the systematic use of diagnostic tools, when to hospitalize the patient with delirium, the application of non-pharmacological actions within the restrictions imposed by COVID-19, and the use of antipsychotics, taking into account the most relevant side effects and pharmacological interactions.
Résumé
OBJETIVO Identificar la tasa de recurrencia de tumor de células gigantes (TCG) en pacientes tratados con curetaje y cementación con seguimiento mínimo de tres años. MATERIALES Y METODOS Cohorte retrospectiva y observacional de pacientes con diagnóstico de TCG en estadios 1 y 2 de Enneking tratados con curetaje intralesional y cementación entre 1981 y 2011. Se registraron edad, sexo, región anatómica, y tiempo de recurrencia. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva con medidas de tendencia central y medidas de dispersión (desviación estándar) para variables cuantitativas, y porcentajes para variables cualitativas. RESULTADOS Entre 1981 y 2011, se identificaron 375 casos de TCG, de los cuales 141 (37,6%) fueron tratados con este método. El seguimiento fue de 48 a 240 meses, y la edad, de 27 9 años; 45% de los pacientes eran mujeres, y 55%, varones, con una relación mujer:hombre de 1,2:1. El hueso más afectado fue la tibia (38%), seguida del fémur (32%), del húmero (16%), y del radio (10%). En 88,6%, la resección fue curetaje intralesional, y el resto, marginal. Hubo 15,7% de casos de TCG con fractura, y recidiva en 12,7%. DISCUSIÓN Se ha demostrado que este método de tratamiento reduce el riesgo de recurrencia por los efectos adyuvantes locales de la cementación acrílica. La recurrencia ocurre en los dos primeros años de seguimiento. Sin embargo, hay autores que respaldan que el margen quirúrgico es el único factor que influencia el riesgo de recurrencia local. La extensión extraósea del TCG no es contraindicación para curetaje intralesional y adyuvante con metilmetacrilato. CONCLUSIONES Reportamos tasa una de recurrencia similar a la de la literatura, siendo un recurso factible de reconstrucción de miembros
OBJETIVE To identify the recurrence rate of giant-cell tumor (GCT) in patients treated by curetage and adjuvant therapy with polymethil metacrylate with a minimum followup of 3 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS Observational and retrospective cohort with patients with diagnoses of Enneking stages 1 and 2 GCT treated through intralesional curetage and cementation between 1981 and 2011. Age, gender, anatomic location and relapse period were recorded. The data was analyzed with measures of central tendency and dispersion (standard deviation) for the quantitative variables, percentages for the qualitative variables. RESULTS Between 1981 and 2011 375 cases of GCT were identified, 141 (36.7%) of which were treated by this method. The follow-up ranged from 48 to 240 months, the age was of 27 9 years, 45% of the patients were female, and 55%, male, with a female: male ratio of about 1.2:1. The tibia was the most frequent affected bone (38%), followed by the femur (32%), the humerus (16%), and the radius (10%). The resection thecnique was intralesional curetage in about 88.6% of the cases, and marginal resection in the remaining cases. Pathologic fracture was present in approximately 15.7%, and recurrence occurred in approximately 12.7%. DISCUSSION We demonstrated that this treatment method decreases the risk of recurrence due to the local adjuvant effects of acrylic cementation. Recurrence events occur in the first two years after resection. However, some authors defend that the surgical margin is the only factor that influences the risk of local recurrence. The extraosseus extension of GCT is not a contraindication to perform intralesional curetage or to prescribe the adjuvant treatment with polymethyl metacrylate. CONCLUSIONS We reported a recurrence rate similar to that of the literature, and this is a feasible resource for limb reconstruction
Sujets)
Humains , Mâle , Femelle , Enfant , Adolescent , Adulte , Adulte d'âge moyen , Sujet âgé , Sujet âgé de 80 ans ou plus , Cimentation/méthodes , Curetage/méthodes , Tumeurs à cellules géantes/chirurgie , Tumeurs à cellules géantes/épidémiologie , Récidive , Épidémiologie DescriptiveRésumé
ABSTRACT Parasitoids of the genus Trichogramma are promising for the biological control of insect pests in several crops, including cassava, which is severely attacked by Erinnyis ello L., 1758 (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae). Evaluating the biological aspects of these parasitoids to understand their dynamics is an important step towards the implementation of this control strategy in the field. Thus, our objective was to evaluate the biology of Trichogramma manicobai Brun, Moraes & Soares, 1984, and T. marandobai Brun, Moraes & Soares, 1986 in E. ello eggs. The parasitoids were obtained by collecting E. ello eggs from a commercial production of cassava, and the host's eggs were obtained from laboratory and greenhouse rearings. The average duration of a generation (T), net reproduction rate (R0), intrinsic rate of increase (rm), and the finite rate of increase (λ) were estimated, and from these, the fertility life table was calculated. The results indicated that T. marandobai has both higher net reproduction rate and a higher intrinsic rate of increase as well as requires less time to double its population than T. manicobai. Thus, T. marandobai has potential for natural and conservative biological control of E. ello. In addition, its potential in applied biological control should be evaluated through studies on the viability of its mass rearing in alternative hosts and its dispersion behavior in the field.
Résumé
RESUMEN Objetivo: describir las prácticas farmacológicas y no farmacológicas para el delirium, realizadas por residentes de psiquiatría y psiquiatras en Colombia. Métodos: encuesta anónima basada en el consenso de expertos del Comité de Psiquiatría de Enlace de la Asociación Colombiana de Psiquiatría y en la literatura. Enviada por correo electrónico a los adscritos a la asociación. Resultados: Participaron 101 clínicos. Las medidas preventivas no farmacológicas como psi-coeducación, corrección de problemas sensoriales o higiene del sueno son realizadas por el 70% o más. Solo cerca de uno de cada 10 hace parte de algún programa multicomponente preventivo institucional. La prescripción preventiva de fármacos fue menor del 20%. Respecto al tratamiento no farmacológico, más del 75% hace corrección de dificultades sensoriales, control de estímulos y reorientación. Nadie indicó que en su centro la atención esté organizada para potenciar el tratamiento no farmacológico. El 17,8% no usa fármacos en el tratamiento. Los que los usan prefieren haloperidol o quetiapina, especialmente en casos hiperactivos o mixtos. Conclusiones: Las prácticas de los encuestados coinciden con las de otros expertos en el mundo. En general, las acciones no farmacológicas son iniciativas individuales, lo que evidencia la necesidad de que las instituciones colombianas de salud se comprometan con el abordaje del delirium, especialmente cuando su prevalencia y consecuencias son indicadores de calidad en la atención.
ABSTRACT Objective: To describe pharmacological and non-pharmacological practices for delirium, carried out by psychiatry residents and psychiatrists in Colombia. Methods: An anonymous survey was conducted based on the consensus of experts of the Liaison Psychiatry Committee of the Asociación Colombiana de Psiquiatría [Colombian Psychiatric Association] and on the literature review. It was sent by email to the association members. Results: 101 clinicians participated. Non-pharmacological preventive measures such as psychoeducation, correction of sensory problems or sleep hygiene are performed by 70% or more. Only about 1 in 10 participants are part of an institutional multi-component prevention programme. The preventive prescription of drugs was less than 20%. Regarding non-pharmacological treatment, more than 75% recommend correction of sensory difficulties, control of stimuli and reorientation. None of the participants indicated that the care at their centres is organised to enhance non-pharmacological treatment. 17.8% do not use medication in the treatment of delirium. Those who use it prefer haloperidol or quetiapine, particularly in hyperactive or mixed motor subtypes. Conclusions: The practices of the respondents coincide with those of other experts around the world. In general, non-pharmacological actions are individual initiatives, which demonstrates the need in Colombian health institutions to commit to addressing delirium, in particular when its prevalence and consequences are indicators of quality of care.
Résumé
RESUMEN Fundamento: es necesario lograr la motivación y activar el pensamiento creador y la cultura científica de los educandos desde las clases de Historia de Cuba utilizando herramientas educativas. Objetivo: diseñar un sitio web para la enseñanza de Historia de Cuba, en vínculo con la historia local y de las ciencias médicas del municipio Sagua la Grande en la formación de los profesionales de la salud. Métodos: se realizó un estudio cualitativo en la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de Sagua la Grande durante 2018-2019. Se emplearon métodos teóricos: análisis-síntesis, inducción-deducción, histórico-lógico y modelación; empíricos: el análisis documental, observación participante, entrevista grupal a estudiantes, entrevista a docentes y criterio de especialistas. Resultados: son insuficientes los medios de enseñanza para contribuir al perfeccionamiento de Historia de Cuba, por lo que predominó el uso de los tradicionales en las clases; las bibliografías básica y complementaria establecidas por el programa no incluyen contenidos de la historia local, ni de la salud del municipio; alumnos y docentes mostraron interés por utilizar la tecnología para el diseño de un sitio web que facilite los mencionados contenidos en vínculo con la Historia de Cuba. Los estudiantes disponen de habilidades en el uso de la tecnología digital; todo lo cual justificó la elaboración de Histoweb. Conclusiones: el sitio web constituye una herramienta educativa para la enseñanza de la Historia de Cuba en ciencias médicas; su diseño permite consultar documentos únicos sobre historia local y de salud pública del municipio, además compila una amplia bibliografía investigada en diferentes fuentes históricas.
ABSTRACT Background: it is necessary to achieve motivation and activate the creative thinking and scientific culture of the students from the History of Cuba classes using educational tools. Objective: to design a website for the teaching of Cuban History, in connection with the local history and medical sciences of the Sagua la Grande municipality in the training of health professionals. Methods: a qualitative study was carried out at the Faculty of Medical Sciences of Sagua la Grande during 2018-2019. Theoretical methods were used: analysis-synthesis, induction-deduction, historical-logical and modeling; empirical ones: documentary analysis, participant observation, group interview with students, interview with teachers and criteria of specialists. Results: the teaching aids are insufficient to contribute to the improvement of Cuban History, where the use of the traditional ones prevailed in the classes; The basic and complementary bibliographies established by the program do not include contents on local history or the health of the municipality; Students and teachers showed interest in using technology to design a website that facilitates the aforementioned contents in connection with the History of Cuba. Students have skills in the use of electronic technology; reason why the development of Histoweb is justified. Conclusions: the website constitutes an educational tool for teaching the History of Cuba in medical sciences; its design allows consulting unique documents on local history and public health of the municipality, it also compiles a wide bibliography researched in different historical sources.
Sujets)
Étudiants , Applications de l'informatique médicale , Projets en Technologies et Communication de l'InformationRésumé
Resumen La inmunoglobulina A (IgA) es el isotipo de anticuerpo más abundante en los humanos y fundamentalmente participa en la defensa contra las infecciones y el desarrollo de la tolerancia inmune en las mucosas. La deficiencia de IgA es la inmunodeficiencia más frecuente en humanos, pero comúnmente es asintomática y transitoria. Para diagnosticarla, se cuantifica la concentración de IgA en sangre y se evalúa la magnitud de su disminución. De acuerdo con esta evaluación se clasifica en deficiencia parcial (DPIgA) o deficiencia total (DTIgA). Adicionalmente, si solo se afectan los niveles de IgA sin alteraciones de otras inmunoglobulinas séricas como IgM e IgG o subclases de inmunoglobulina G, entonces se denomina como deficiencia selectiva de IgA (DSIgA). La deficiencia selectiva de IgA es de mayor relevancia clínica y considerada un error innato de la inmunidad, aunque su etiología aún es desconocida y clínicamente se asocia a infecciones de los tractos respiratorio y gastrointestinal, alergias y manifestaciones autoinmunes. Se realizó una búsqueda de artículos científicos en PubMed, Scopus, SciELO y Redalyc sobre la deficiencia selectiva de inmunoglobulina A, con el objetivo de realizar una revisión temática sobre las manifestaciones clínicas, el diagnóstico y el adecuado manejo clínico de los pacientes con esta inmunodeficiencia. Se propone un nuevo algoritmo clínico con el objetivo de mejorar el diagnóstico y brindar un adecuado manejo clínico de los pacientes con esta inmunodeficiencia. Un paciente con deficiencia selectiva de IgA se caracteriza por infecciones recurrentes de los tractos gastrointestinal y respiratorio, en asociación con manifestaciones alérgicas y autoinmunes en individuos mayores de cuatro años, con niveles de IgA sérica menores de 7 mg/dL y con niveles normales de IgG e IgM, y en quienes se hayan descartado defectos relacionados con los linfocitos T u otras causas de hipogammaglobulinemia. Con respecto al manejo clínico, se deben ajustar los esquemas de vacunación e implementar profilaxis antibiótica en las infecciones graves y recurrentes. Para mejorar el pronóstico se debe realizar una atención del paciente por un equipo médico interdisciplinario y un seguimiento continuo por un prolongado periodo de tiempo.
Abstract Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is the most abundant antibody isotype in humans and participates in protection against infections and the development of immune tolerance in mucous membranes. IgA deficiency is the most common immunodeficiency in humans, but it is commonly asymptomatic and transient. To diagnose it, the concentration of IgA in blood is quantified and the magnitude of its decrease is evaluated. According to this evaluation, it is classified as partial deficiency (DPIgA) or total deficiency (DTIgA). Additionally, if only IgA levels are affected without alterations in other serum immunoglobulins such as IgM and IgG or subclasses of IgG, then it is referred to as selective IgA deficiency (DSIgA). Selective IgA deficiency is of greater clinical relevance and considered an innate immunity error, although its etiology is still unknown. This immunodeficiency is clinically associated with respiratory and gas- trointestinal tract infections, allergies and autoimmune manifestations. A search of scientific articles was conducted in bibliographic databases PubMed, Scopus, SciELO and Redalyc on selective immunoglobulin A deficiency. Our objective was to perform a review on clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and appropriate clinical management of patients with this immunodeficiency. A new clinical algorithm is proposed in order to improve the diagnosis and provide adequate clinical management of patients with this immunodeficiency. A patient with selective IgA deficiency is characterized by recurrent infections of the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts, in association with allergic and autoimmune manifestations in individuals older than four years. Serum IgA levels are less than 7 mg/dL, with normal levels of IgG and IgM, and defects related to T lymphocytes or other causes of hypogammaglobulinemia have been ruled out. Regarding clinical management, vaccination schedules should be adjusted and antibiotic prophylaxis should be implemented in severe and recurrent infections. Additionally, to improve prognosis, patient care should be performed by an interdisciplinary medical team and continuous monitoring for a prolonged period of time.
Résumé
A mentalidade sobre o estresse é definida como as crenças que uma pessoa tem acerca das consequências positivas e negativas do estresse sobre o seu desempenho. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo a adaptação e avaliação das propriedades psicométricas da Stress Mindset Measure (SMM). A amostra foi composta por 408 estudantes universitários (25,52±8,72; 68,2% mulheres) provenientes das Regiões Norte e Nordeste do Brasil. A dimensionalidade da escala foi estimada através de Análise Fatorial Exploratória com Intercepto Randômico. Os resultados revelaram a estrutura unidimensional da SMM, corroborando a hipótese teórica, com indicadores desejáveis de precisão. Também foram estimadas correlações entre os escores da SMM e Inventário de Sintomas de Stress de Lipp, que indicaram associações negativas e de baixa magnitude entre mentalidade sobre o estresse e os sintomas de estresse, corroborando a hipótese de evidência de validade do instrumento. Os resultados sugerem adequação da versão brasileira SMM para avaliação do construto alvo.
Stress mindset is defined as the beliefs about the positive or negative consequences of stress on performance. This research aimed to adapt and evaluate the psychometric properties of Stress Mindset Measure (SMM). The sample consisted of 408 undergraduates (25.52 ± 8.72, 68.2% female) from the North and Northeast Regions of Brazil. The dimensionality of the scale was estimated by Exploratory Factorial Analysis with Random Intercept. The results revealed an unidimensional structure of the SMM, corroborating the theoretical hypothesis, with good indicators of reliability. Correlations between SMM scores and Lipp's Stress Symptom Inventory were also estimated, which indicated negative and low magnitude associations between stress mindset and stress symptoms, corroborating the hypothesis of instrument validity. The results suggest the suitability of the Brazilian SMM version for the construct assessment.
La mentalidad sobre el estrés se define como las creencias que una persona tiene acerca de las consecuencias positivas o negativas del estrés sobre su desempeño. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo la adaptación y evaluación de las propiedades psicométricas de la Stress Mindset Measure (SMM). La muestra fue compuesta por 408 estudiantes universitarios (25,52 ± 8,72, 68,2% mujeres) provenientes de las Regiones Norte y Nordeste de Brasil. La dimensionalidad de la escala fue estimada a través de Análisis Factorial Exploratorio con Intercepto Randómico. Los resultados revelaron la estructura unidimensional de la SMM, corroborando la hipótesis teórica, con indicadores deseables de fiabilidad. También se estimaron correlaciones entre los escores de SMM e Inventario de Síntomas de estrés de Lipp, que indicaron asociaciones negativas y de baja magnitud entre mentalidad sobre el estrés y los síntomas de estrés, corroborando la hipótesis de evidencia de validez del instrumento. Los resultados sugieren adecuación de la versión brasileña SMM para la evaluación del constructo.
Sujets)
Humains , Mâle , Femelle , Adolescent , Adulte , Adulte d'âge moyen , Qualité de vie/psychologie , Stress psychologique , Étudiants/psychologie , Brésil , Universités , Santé mentale , Analyse statistique factorielleRésumé
Abstract Background: LPS-responsive beige -like anchor protein (LRBA) deficiency is a primary immunodeficiency disease caused by loss of LRBA protein expression, due to biallelic mutations in LRBA gene. LRBA deficiency patients exhibit a clinically heterogeneous syndrome. The main clinical complication of LRBA deficiency is immune dysregulation. Furthermore, hypogammaglobulinemia is found in more than half of patients with LRBA-deficiency. To date, no patients with this condition have been reported in Colombia Objective: To evaluate the expression of the LRBA protein in patients from Colombia with clinical phenotype associated to LRBA-deficiency. Methods: In the present study the LRBA-expression in patients from Colombia with clinical phenotype associated to LRBA-deficiency was evaluated. After then, the clinical, the immunological characteristics and the possible genetic variants in LRBA or other genes associated with the immune system in patients that exhibit decrease protein expression was evaluated. Results: In total, 112 patients with different clinical manifestations associated to the clinical LRBA phenotype were evaluated. The LRBA expression varies greatly between different healthy donors and patients. Despite the great variability in the LRBA expression, six patients with a decrease in LRBA protein expression were observed. However, no pathogenic or possible pathogenic biallelic variants in LRBA, or in genes related with the immune system were found. Conclusion: LRBA expression varies greatly between different healthy donors and patients. Reduction LRBA-expression in 6 patients without homozygous mutations in LRBA or in associated genes with the immune system was observed. These results suggest the other genetic, epigenetic or environmental mechanisms, that might be regulated the LRBA-expression.
Resumen Antecedentes: la deficiencia de LRBA (del inglés, LPS-responsive beige -like anchor protein) es una inmunodeficiencia primaria causada por la pérdida de la expresión de la proteína LRBA, debido a mutaciones bialélicas en el gen LRBA. Los pacientes con deficiencia de LRBA exhiben un síndrome clínicamente heterogéneo. La principal complicación clínica de la deficiencia de LRBA es la desregulación inmune. Además, la hipogammaglobulinemia se encuentra en más de la mitad de los pacientes con deficiencia de LRBA. Hasta la fecha, no se han reportado pacientes con esta afección en Colombia Objetivo: Evaluar la expresión de la proteína LRBA en pacientes de Colombia con fenotipo clínico asociado a deficiencia de LRBA Métodos: En el presente estudio se evaluó la expresión de LRBA en pacientes de Colombia con fenotipo clínico asociado a deficiencia de LRBA. Después de eso, se evaluaron las características clínicas, inmunológicas y las posibles variantes genéticas en LRBA o en otros genes asociadados con el sistema inmune en pacientes que exhiben una disminución de la expresión de la proteína. Resultados: En total, se evaluaron 112 pacientes con diferentes manifestaciones clínicas asociadas al fenotipo clínico LRBA. La expresión de LRBA varía mucho entre diferentes donantes sanos y pacientes. A pesar de la gran variabilidad en la expresión de LRBA, se observaron seis pacientes con una disminución en la expresión de la proteína LRBA. Sin embargo, no se encontraron variantes bialélicas patógenas o posibles patógenas en LRBA, o en genes relacionados con el sistema inmune. Conclusión: La expresión de LRBA varía mucho entre diferentes donantes sanos y pacientes. Se observó reducción de la expresión de LRBA en 6 pacientes sin mutaciones homocigotas en LRBA o en genes asociados. Estos resultados sugieren los otros mecanismos genéticos, por ejemplo epigenéticos o ambientales, que podrían estar regulados por la expresión de LRBA
Sujets)
Adulte , Enfant , Enfant d'âge préscolaire , Femelle , Humains , Mâle , Jeune adulte , Agammaglobulinémie/épidémiologie , Protéines adaptatrices de la transduction du signal/génétique , Déficits immunitaires/génétique , Phénotype , Variation génétique , Études cas-témoins , Régulation de l'expression des gènes , Colombie , Agammaglobulinémie/génétique , Agammaglobulinémie/immunologie , Protéines adaptatrices de la transduction du signal/déficit , Protéines adaptatrices de la transduction du signal/immunologie , Déficits immunitaires/immunologie , MutationRésumé
RESUMEN Los materiales a base de silicato de calcio han demostrado ser bioactivos debido a su capacidad para producir apatita carbonatada biológicamente compatible. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la bioactividad de Biodentine™ y MTA Repair HP® en contacto con discos de dentina humana, que se obturaron y dividieron aleatoriamente para formar cuatro grupos: grupo 1 Biodentine™, grupo 2 MTA Repair HP®, grupo control positivo MTA Angelus® y grupo control negativo IRM®, los cuales se incubaron en solución PBS durante 10 días, para posterior análisis por medio de MEB-EDS y Espectroscopía Raman. Los tres materiales a base de silicato de calcio analizados en este estudio demostraron ser bioactivos pues al entrar en contacto con una solución a base de fosfato desencadenaron la precipitación inicial de fosfato de calcio amorfo, que actúa como precursor durante la formación de apatita carbonatada.
ABSTRACT Calcium silicate-based materials have been shown to be bioactive due to their ability to produce biologically compatible carbonated apatite. The objective of this study was to analyze the bioactivity of Biodentine ™ and MTA Repair HP® in contact with human dentine discs, which were sealed and divided randomly to form four groups: group 1 Biodentine™, group 2 MTA Repair HP®, positive control group MTA Angelus® and negative control group IRM®, which were incubated in PBS solution for 10 days, for a subsequent analysis by means of MEB-EDS and Raman spectroscopy. The three calcium-based materials analyzed in this study proved to be bioactive because upon contact with a phosphate-based solution they were triggered at the onset of amorphous calcium phosphate, as the precursor during the formation of carbonated apatite.
Sujets)
Apatites/analyse , Analyse spectrale Raman , Calcarea Silicata/analyse , Matériaux dentaires/analyse , Synergie des médicamentsRésumé
The coexistence of musculoskeletal disorders is common in work activities around the world, however, information on the subject is insufficient both in Latin America and in Colombia despite its impact at the economic and social level. The objective of this research was to determine the coexistence of musculoskeletal disorders of work origin in the upper body in the working population that attends a Service Provider Institution (IPS). An observational, descriptive, quantitative, and cross-sectional design study was conducted between the first of March in 2017 and the first of March in 2018. Four semiological tests were applied for physiotherapists to seek the coexistence of carpal tunnel syndrome, lateral epicondylitis, rotator cuff syndrome, and cervical myofascial syndrome. Among the results, it was found that 92.6% (n=138) of the patients had two or more pathologies, 59.73% (n=89) had the rotator cuff and the myofascial syndrome, 52.35% (n=78) had epicondylitis and myofascial syndrome, and 37.58% (n=56) had carpal tunnel syndrome and lateral epicondylitis. This study highlights the high coexistence of musculoskeletal disorders in the upper body, especially in the female gender.
La coexistencia de trastornos musculoesqueléticos es común en actividades laborales de todo el mundo, sin embargo la información sobre el tema es insuficiente tanto en América Latina como en Colombia a pesar de su impacto a nivel económico y social; la investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar la coexistencia de trastornos musculoesqueléticos en miembro superior de origen laboral en la población trabajadora que asiste a una Institución Prestadora de Servicios (IPS); Se realizó un estudio de diseño Observacional, descriptivo, cuantitativo y de corte transversal, durante el periodo comprendido entre el primero de marzo de 2017 y el primero de marzo del 2018, se aplicaron cuatro pruebas semiológicas por fisioterapeutas para buscar la coexistencia de Síndrome de túnel del carpo, epicondilitis lateral, síndrome de manguito rotador y síndrome miofascial cervical; entre los resultados se encontró que el 92,6% (n=138) de los pacientes presentaban dos o más patologías, el 59,73% (n=89) síndrome de manguito rotador y síndrome miofascial, el 52,35% (n=78) Epicondilitis y síndrome miofascial y el 37,58% síndrome de túnel del carpo y epicondilitis lateral (n=56). El estudio pone en evidencia la elevada coexistencia de trastornos musculoesqueléticos en miembro superior especialmente en el género femenino.
Sujets)
Syndrome du canal carpienRésumé
RESUMO A artroplastia total do joelho é um procedimento eletivo, realizado em indivíduos relativamente saudáveis. Porém, devido ao risco inerente de tromboembolismo venoso, são utilizados fármacos para sua profilaxia. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi conduzir uma revisão sistemática da literatura para comparar a eficácia da enoxaparina e da rivaroxabana na prevenção desta complicação e no risco de sangramento intraoperatório. Foi feita uma revisão no site SciELO, Pubmed e Cochrane através dos descritores, artroplastia de joelho, rivaroxabana e enoxaparina através da estratégia de busca PICO. Os critérios de inclusão foram os artigos no período estudado, que comparavam ambas as drogas em cirurgias de artroplastia do joelho. Os critérios de relevância para tornar o estudo elegível foram definidos como: somente artigos publicados a partir 2010 e com casuística com mais de 20 pacientes foram considerados; somente estudos obtidos em sua íntegra foram analisados; somente estudos com seguimento maior do que 12 meses foram considerados relevantes. As variáveis utilizadas para a comparação dos artigos foram as complicações mais comuns no pós-operatório de artroplastias do joelho: tromboembolismo venoso e sangramento. Foi utilizado o Review Man 5.3 para estruturação da revisão. Os autores observaram que nos estudos analisados, considerando tromboembolismo venoso sintomático, a rivaroxabana resultou em maiores benefícios quando comparada com a enoxaparina.
ABSTRACT Total knee arthroplasty is an elective procedure performed on relatively healthy individuals. However, due to the inherent risk of venous thromboembolism, drugs are used for its prophylaxis. The objective of the present study was to conduct a systematic review of the literature to compare the efficacy of enoxaparin and rivaroxaban in preventing this complication and the risk of intraoperative bleeding. We reviewed the SciELO, Pubmed and Cochrane databases with the descriptors knee arthroplasty, rivaroxaban and enoxaparin through the PICO search strategy. Inclusion criteria were the articles during the study period comparing both drugs in knee arthroplasty. Relevant criteria to study eligibility were articles published since 2010 and with a sample of more than 20 patients; studies obtained in their entirety; and studies with follow-up of more than 12 months. The variables used to compare the articles were the most common postoperative complications of knee arthroplasties: venous thromboembolism and bleeding. We used the Review Man software, version 5.3, for structuring the review. In the studies analyzed, considering symptomatic venous thromboembolism, rivaroxaban resulted in higher benefits when compared to enoxaparin.
Sujets)
Humains , Complications postopératoires/prévention et contrôle , Énoxaparine/usage thérapeutique , Arthroplastie prothétique de genou/effets indésirables , Thromboembolisme veineux/prévention et contrôle , Rivaroxaban/usage thérapeutique , Anticoagulants/usage thérapeutique , Complications postopératoires/ethnologie , Facteurs de risque , Perte sanguine peropératoire , Résultat thérapeutique , Hémorragie postopératoire/induit chimiquement , Thromboembolisme veineux/ethnologieRésumé
Resumen La osteonecrosis en los maxilares asociada al uso de los bisfosfonatos es una entidad escrita en el 78% de los casos en la mandíbula aquí presentamos el caso de una paciente con cáncer de mama metastásico a hueso que cursó con osteonecrosis maxilar que invadía a seno. A la solicitud de estudios de imagen rutinarios se identificó lesión en seno maxilar derecho que confirmaba la sospecha clínica. La lesión fue abordada y extirpada quirúrgicamente con hemimaxilectomía de infraestructura, la persistencia de comunicación oroantral fue rehabilitada con un obturador maxilar, lo que permitió buen control de la lesión, evitando la progresión de la misma.
Abstract Maxillary osteonecrosis associated to biphosphonate use is an entity found in the mandible in 78% of all described cases. The present article presents the case of a female patient with breast cancer with bone metastasis, afflicted with maxillary osteonecrosis with sinus invasion. Routine imaging studies revealed a lesion in the right maxillary sinus which confirmed clinical suspicion. Lesion was surgically approached and removed with infrastructure hemimaxilectomy; oral-antral communication persistence was rehabilitated with a maxillary shutter. This allowed suitable control of the lesion and avoided its progression.
Résumé
INTRODUCCIÓN: El osteosarcoma es el tumor óseo maligno más común en la niñez y la adolescencia. Se desarrolla por orden de frecuencia en metáfisis distal de fémur, proximal de tibia y húmero proximal. La variedad de presentación de osteosarcoma telangectásico es rara, y afecta principalmente a niños y adolescentes. Las opciones de tratamiento quirúrgico son cirugía de salvamento y radical. Actualmente la mayoría de los tumores óseos malignos de la cintura escapular pueden seguir la primera opción. OBJETIVO: Presentar una técnica modificada de tenosuspensión para la reconstrucción de defectos humerales en el tratamiento quirúrgico del osteosarcoma de húmero. REPORTE DE CASO: Se presenta el caso de un varón de 16 años de edad con diagnóstico de osteosarcoma telangectásico de húmero tratado con cirugía de salvamento mediante técnica modificada de suspensión con peroné libre vascularizado para la reconstrucción del defecto humeral posterior a resección S345B según la Musculoskeletal Tumour Society (MSTS) y los resultados a 6 y 12 meses. RESULTADOS: A 6 meses del posquirúrgico existió consolidación del injerto sin complicaciones. A los 12 meses no se encontraron complicaciones. Los resultados funcionales fueron del 82 y 86% MSTS, respectivamente. CONCLUSIONES: La técnica modificada de suspensión de hombro utilizando peroné vascularizado y tendón del manguito rotador residual otorga resultados satisfactorios en el caso presentado, sin embargo, se requiere de mayor investigación para considerarla como modalidad de tratamiento generalizado en defectos humerales posterior a resección en bloque como tratamiento quirúrgico.
INTRODUCTION: El osteosarcoma is the most common malignant bone tumour in paediatric patients. The most frequent locations of osteosarcoma are the distal femur, the proximal tibia, and the proximal humerus. Telangiectatic osteosarcoma is rare, most commonly affecting children and adolescents. Surgical treatment options include limb sparing procedures and amputation, with most shoulder tumours currently being able to be treated without amputation. OBJECTIVE: To present a modified sling procedure to reconstruct humeral defects after bone resections in humeral osteosarcoma. CASE REPORT: A 16 year-old male patient with telangiectatic osteosarcoma of the proximal humerus was treated with limb sparing surgery. A modified sling procedure was performed using a vascularised fibular graft to reconstruct the humerus after in-block resection. Results at 6 and 12 months follow up are presented. RESULTS: Graft consolidation was observed at 6 months follow-up, and no complications were observed at 6 and 12 months follow-up. Functional results, according to the Musculoskeletal Tumour Society (MSTS), at 6 and 12 months were 82% and 86%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This modified sling procedure using a vascularised fibular graft and rotator cuff tendon showed satisfactory results in this case. Future studies should further evaluate its role in treating humeral defects after in-block resection.
Sujets)
Humains , Mâle , Adolescent , Tumeurs osseuses/chirurgie , Ostéosarcome/chirurgie , /méthodes , Humérus/chirurgie , Thérapie de rattrapage , Fibula/vascularisation , Fibula/transplantationRésumé
Introducción: El osteosarcoma representa el 15% de las neoplasias óseas. En México, constituye el 4,5% de las neoplasias y el 46,6-74% de los tumores óseos malignos, con ligero predominio en los varones adolescentes y el 50-80% en rodilla y húmero proximal. Objetivo: Identificar la distribución, la frecuencia relativa y la tendencia del osteosarcoma y su proyección a cinco años. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio epidemiológico, de registro de pacientes con diagnóstico histológico de osteosarcoma entre 2005 y 2014. Se analizaron los siguientes datos: edad, sexo, diagnóstico, localización, lado y estadio con estadística descriptiva y dispersión.Los resultados se sometieron a análisis mediante el índice de Pearson y regresión lineal por método de mínimos cuadrados. Resultados: Se analizaron 4744 casos. La incidencia de osteosarcoma fue del 3,29% y constituyó el 56,2% de los tumores óseos malignos primarios. La edad de los pacientes era 18.6 ± 16.8 años, con mayor incidencia en la segunda década de la vida (54,1%); la relación hombre:mujer era de 1,64:1. El 55,8% comprometía la rodilla, seguida del húmero proximal (7,1%). La variedad histológica predominante fue osteoblástica (76,9%). El estadio IIB fue más frecuente (77,6%), seguido del IIIB (13,8%). A los cinco años, se predice un aumento en la incidencia de osteosarcoma. Conclusiones: Esta es la mayor serie de osteosarcoma en América Latina. Se predice un incremento en la incidencia de osteosarcoma. Es necesario identificar factores de riesgo para establecer este comportamiento particular. Nivel de Evidencia: IV
Introduction: Osteosarcoma represents 15% of bone neoplasms. In Mexico, it accounts for 4.5% of neoplasms and 46.6% to 74% of malignant bone tumors with a slight predominance of teenage males, 50-80% affects the knee and proximal humerus. Objective: To identify the distribution, relative frequency and tendency of osteosarcoma and its projection to five years. Methods: Epidemiologic study of a patient database with histological diagnosis of osteosarcoma from 2005 to 2014. Age, gender, diagnosis, location, side and stage were analyzed using descriptive statistics and dispersion. Results were measured with Pearson's index and lineal regression analysis by the least squares method. Results: We analyzed 4,744 cases. Osteosarcoma had a frequency of 3.29% and it accounted for 56.2% of primary malignant bone tumors. Patients´ age was 18.6 ± 16.8 years old with higher incidence in the second decade of life (54.1%); men to women ratio was 1.64:1. Osteosarcoma affected the knee in 55.8% of the cases, followed by the proximal humerus (7.1%). Predominant histologic subtype was osteoblastic (76.9%). IIB stage was more frequent (77.6%), followed by IIIB (13.8%). To five years, an increased incidence of osteosarcoma is predicted. Conclusions: This is the largest case series of osteosarcoma in Latin America. A rising incidence of osteosarcoma is predicted. It is necessary to identify risk factors to establish this particular behavior. Level of Evidence: IV
Sujets)
Enfant , Adolescent , Tumeurs osseuses , Ostéosarcome/épidémiologie , Mexique , IncidenceRésumé
ABSTRACT Objective : to evaluate the histologic and morphometric characteristics of bone biopsies of the anterior iliac crest of patients of different age groups. Methods : we studied 30 bone samples from the iliac crest, using brightfield optical microscopy. We divided the samples by donors' age groups in three groups: Group 1 (n = 10), subjects aged between 25 and 39 years; Group 2 (n = 10), subjects aged between 40 and 64 years; Group 3 (n = 10), individuals aged 65 years and over. We randomly divided the samples into two sets with 15 specimens. In the first study segment (n = 15), we used histological to assess the osteogenic property of the graft, through the analysis of cell reserve in the periosteum, the number of osteocytes in the lacunae and the number of Haversian and Volkmann's canals. In the second study segment (n = 15), we investigated the morphology of osteoconductive property of the graft, through quantification of the trabecular meshwork (Vv) and trabecular area (Sv). Results : histologically, we observed degeneration of bone occurring with age, characterized by thinning of the periosteum, with gradual replacement of the steogenic layer by fibrous tissue, small amount of Haversian and Volkmann's canals, osteocyte lacunae voids and fine spongy bone trabeculae, allowing ample medullary space, usually occupied by fat cells and adipocytes. Morphologically, with respect to the quantification of the trabecular meshwork (Vv), we found statistically significant differences between Groups 1 and 3 and between Groups 2 and 3, with reduction of the trabecular meshwork of about 45% in the elderly over 65 years old ; there was no statistically significant difference between Groups 1 and 2. There was also no statistical difference between the Groups regarding Sv. Conclusion : the results of this experiment suggest that, in the elderly (over 65 years old), the osteogenic property of autologous bone graft decreases and the osteoconductive property is compromised.
RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar as características histológicas e morfométricas de biópsias ósseas da região anterior da crista ilíaca de pacientes de diferentes faixas etárias. Métodos: foram estudadas 30 amostras de osso da crista ilíaca, utilizando-se microscopia óptica de campo claro. As amostras foram divididas pela faixa etária dos doadores em três grupos: Grupo 1 (n = 10), indivíduos com idade entre 25 e 39 anos; Grupo 2 (n = 10), indivíduos com idade entre 40 e 64 anos; Grupo 3 (n = 10), indivíduos com idade igual ou superior a 65 anos. As amostras foram separadas aleatoriamente em dois conjuntos com 15 peças. No primeiro segmento do estudo (n = 15), foi avaliada histologicamente a propriedade osteogênica do enxerto, através da análise da reserva celular no periósteo, do número de osteócitos nas lacunas e da quantidade de canais de Havers e de Volkmann. No segundo segmento do estudo (n = 15), investigou-se morfologicamente a propriedade osteocondutora do enxerto, através da quantificação da rede trabecular (Vv) e da área trabecular (Sv). Resultados: histologicamente, observou-se que ocorre degeneração do tecido ósseo com a idade, caracterizada pelo adelgaçamento do periósteo, com substituição gradual da camada osteogênica por tecido fibroso, pequena quantidade de canais de Havers e de Volkmann, osteoplastos vazios e trabéculas finas de osso esponjoso, permitindo amplo espaço medular, em geral ocupado por células lipídicas e adipócitos. Morfologicamente, com relação à quantificação da rede trabecular (Vv), foi observada diferença estatisticamente significante entre os Grupos 1 e 3 e entre os Grupos 2 e 3, com redução da rede trabecular de cerca de 45% no idoso acima de 65 anos de idade; não foi observada diferença estatisticamente significante entre os Grupos 1 e 2. Não foi observada diferença estatística entre os grupos quanto à Sv. Conclusão: os achados do presente experimento sugerem que nos indivíduos idosos (acima de 65 anos de idade), a propriedade osteogênica do enxerto ósseo autólogo diminui e a propriedade osteocondutora está comprometida.
Sujets)
Humains , Mâle , Femelle , Adulte , Sujet âgé , Os et tissu osseux/anatomie et histologie , Biopsie , Facteurs âges , Adulte d'âge moyenRésumé
Introducción. La enfermedad granulomatosa crónica es una inmunodeficiencia primaria causada por mutaciones en los genes que codifican para las proteínas del sistema de la oxidasa de NADPH ( Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate ) de las células fagocíticas, las cuales afectan la producción de especies reactivas del oxígeno y la actividad microbicida. Actualmente, la única terapia curativa para esta enfermedad es la reconstitución inmune mediante el trasplante de células madre hematopoyéticas. Objetivo. Reportar la caracterización clínica y molecular de un paciente con enfermedad granulomatosa crónica ligada al cromosoma X y su reconstitución inmunitaria exitosa mediante el trasplante de células madre hematopoyéticas. Materiales y métodos. El estallido respiratorio en neutrófilos de sangre periférica se midió por citometría de flujo mediante la prueba de oxidación de la dihidrorrodamina 123 (DHR 123). El análisis de las mutaciones del gen CYBB se hizo mediante reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) en el ADN complementario y la secuenciación e hibridación genómica comparativa en el ADN genómico. En el trasplante se emplearon células madre del hermano menor con HLA idéntico, y previamente se hizo un acondicionamiento de intensidad reducida. La reconstitución inmunitaria después del trasplante se evaluó periódicamente con hemoleucogramas y la prueba DHR 123 en neutrófilos de sangre periférica. Resultados. El diagnóstico de la enfermedad granulomatosa crónica ligada al cromosoma X se estableció como resultado de una deleción hemicigota en la banda Xp21.1 que implicó la deleción completa del CYBB . La toma de injerto postrasplante para plaquetas y neutrófilos fue en los días 10 y 11, respectivamente. En el día 30 después del trasplante se logró la reconstitución hematológica completa y en los tres años siguientes no se observaron complicaciones ni infecciones. Conclusión. El trasplante de células madre hematopoyéticas permite la reconstitución completa de la función inmunitaria relacionada con la actividad microbicida de las células fagocíticas de pacientes con enfermedad granulomatosa crónica ligada al cromosoma X.
Introduction: Chronic granulomatous disease is a primary immunodeficiency that results from mutations in proteins of the NADPH oxidase system that affect the microbicidal activity of phagocytes. Immune reconstitution by hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is currently the only curative therapy for this disease. Objective: To describe the clinical and molecular characterization of a patient with X-linked chronic granulomatous disease and the successful immune reconstitution by means of a hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Materials and methods: The respiratory burst was measured by flow cytometry using the dihydrorodamine 123 (DHR) oxidation test in neutrophils of peripheral blood. Mutational analysis of CYBB was performed by PCR amplification in complementary DNA, as well as sequencing and comparative genomic hybridization in genomic DNA. HLA-identical stem cells from the patient´s younger brother were used for the transplantation and reduced intensity pre-transplantation conditioning was administered. Post-transplantation immune reconstitution was evaluated periodically by serial complete blood counts and DHR 123 in peripheral blood neutrophils. Results: The diagnosis of X-linked chronic granulomatous disease resulted from a hemizygous deletion affecting Xp21.1 that included the entire CYBB . Post-transplantation engraftment was documented in platelets and peripheral blood neutrophils at days 10 and 11, respectively. Total hematological reconstitution was achieved by day 30 post-transplantation and no complications or infections have been observed in the three years since the transplantation. Conclusion: Hemopoietic stem cell transplantation allows for total reconstitution of the immune function related to microbicidal activity of phagocytic cells from patients with X-linked chronic granulomatous disease.
Sujets)
Granulomatose septique chronique , Transplantation de cellules souches hématopoïétiques , NADPH oxidase , Granulocytes neutrophiles , Espèces réactives de l'oxygène , Conditionnement pour greffeRésumé
To analyze fractures of the distal clavicle region in pediatric patients. METHODS: Ten patients between the ages of five to eleven years (mean of 7.3 years) were observed. Nine patients were treated conservatively and one surgically. All the fractures were classified using the Nenopoulos classification system. RESULTS: All the fractures consolidated without complications. Conservative treatment was used for nine patients, of whom three were in group IIIB, three IIb, two IIa and one IV. The only patient who was treated surgically was a female patient of eleven years of age with a group IV fracture. CONCLUSION: The treatment indication for distal fractures of the clavicle in children should be based on the patient's age and the displacement of the fragments.
Analisar as fraturas da região distal da clavícula em pacientes pediátricos. MÉTODOS: Foram observados dez pacientes entre cinco a 11 anos com média de 7,3 anos. Nove pacientes foram tratados conservadoramente e um cirurgicamente. As fraturas foram classificadas segundo a classificação de Nenopoulos. RESULTADOS: Todas as fraturas consolidaram sem complicações. O tratamento conservador foi usado em nove pacientes, três do grupo IIIb; três IIb; dois IIa e um IV. O único paciente tratado cirurgicamente foi uma paciente do gênero feminino de 11 anos com fratura do grupo IV. CONCLUSÃO: A indicação do tratamento para as fraturas distais da clavícula em crianças deve ser baseada na idade do paciente e no desvio dos fragmentos.