Non-tuberculous cutaneous mycobacterioses

Abstract Non-tuberculous mycobacteriosis, previously known as atypical, anonymous, opportunistic, or unclassified mycobacteriosis, refers to pathogenic mycobacterioses other than those caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium leprae. These mycobacteria are known for their environmental distribution, mainly in water and soil. The incidence of non-tuberculous mycobacteriosis has been increasing in all countries and skin infections are being increasingly studied, mainly with the increase in immunosuppressive conditions and the development of new medications that affect immunological function. In the present article, a detailed narrative review of the literature is carried out to study the main non-tuberculous mycobacteriosis that cause diseases of the skin and appendages. The article also aims to present a historical context, followed by epidemiological, microbiological, and clinical characteristics of these diseases. Practical considerations about the diagnosis and treatment of non-tuberculous mycobacteriosis are detailed.

Estado nutricional e as comorbidades associadas ao diabetes mellitus tipo 2 no idoso / Nutritional status and comorbidities associated with diabetes mellitus type 2 in the elderly

O diabetes mellitus tipo 2 é uma doença metabólica caracterizada por hiperglicemia que ocorre tanto por resistência à ação da insulina como por deficiência na secreção deste hormônio. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar e relacionar o estado nutricional, as comorbidades e complicações associadas ao diabetes mellitus tipo 2 em pacientes idosos internados em um hospital do município de Santa Cruz do Sul, RS. A amostra foi composta por 25 pacientes idosos, internados em outubro e novembro de 2014. Foram verificados nos prontuários o gênero, o estado nutricional pelo índice de massa corporal (IMC) e a presença de comorbidades e complicações relacionadas ao diabetes. Conforme o IMC, 8% (n=2) dos idosos apresentaram magreza, 32% (n=8), eutrofia e 60% (n=15), excesso de peso. As comorbidades e complicações mais prevalentes foram hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS) (84%), doença arterial coronariana (36%), trombose (16%), pé diabético (16%), amputação de membro inferior (16%), insuficiência cardíaca congestiva (16%) e dislipidemia (16%),. Os resultados demonstraram a predominância do excesso de peso, sendo o sexo feminino o mais afetado, e a HAS como a comorbidade mais prevalente entre os pacientes diabéticos.

Diabetes mellitus type 2 is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia which occurs both for resistance to insulin as deficiency in the hormone secretion. The objective of this study was to evaluate and relate the nutritional state, the comorbidities and complications associated with the diabetes mellitus type 2 in elderly patients admitted to a hospital in Santa Cruz do Sul,RS, Brazil. The sample consisted of 25 elderly patients, admitted in October and November 2014. It was checked in the medical records the gender, the nutritional state by a body mass index (BMI) and the presence of comorbidities and complications associated with the diabetes. According to the BMI, 8% (n=2) elderly people showed underweight, 32% (n=8) eutrophy and 60% (n=15) overweight. The most prevalent comorbidities and complications were systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) (84%), coronary heart disease (36%), thrombosis (16%), diabetic foot (16%), lower-limb amputation (16%), congestive heart failure (16%), and dyslipidemia (16%).. The results showed the predominance of overweight, the female sex being the most affected, and SAH as the most prevalent comorbidity among diabetic patients.